上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组.docx
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上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组.docx
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上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文(包括additionalreading)及重点词组
高二第二学期
17.wordsandtheirstories
18.englishproverbs
19.tipsonmakingapublicspeech
20.keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
21.makingfriends
22.whatdoesfriendshipmeantowesterners?
23.adjo
24.ryan,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun
25.thefatherofmodernphysics
26.thesurvivalofthefittest
27.miracleinthericefield
28.newton’sthreeimportantlaws
29.oliverwantsmore(adaptedfromolivertwistcharlesdickens)
30.enjoytheclassics
31.issheguilty?
(adaptedfromtheprinceandthepaupermarktwain)
32.marktwain
高二第二学期
17.wordsandtheirstories
eagerbeaveraneagerbeaverisapersonwhoisalwayswillingtodoandisexcitedaboutdoingwhatisexpectedofhim.
suppose,forexample,thatateachertellshisstudentstheyeachmustsolveonehundredmathproblemsbeforecomingtoschoolthenextday.thechildrencomplainaboutsomuchhomework.butonestudentdoesnotprotestatall.thatstudentisaneagerbeaver.helovestodomathproblems,anddoesnotmindallthehomework.
theexpressionissaidtohavecomefromthenameofahard-workinganimal---thebeaver.
beaversarestrange-lookingcreatures.theyspendalotoftimeinthewater,buildingdamstocreatelittlelakesorponds.theyusetheirhugeteethandworkhardtocutdowntrees,removebranchesandputthemacrossstreams.theyusetheirtailstopackmudonthebranchestomakethedamssolid.fewotheranimalsworksohard.
historianssaythebeaverhadanimportantpartinthesettlementofnorthamerica.
therewerehundredsofmillionsofbeaverswheneuropeansettlersfirstarrived.thesettlersputgreatvalueonthefurofbeavers.infact,fortwohundredyearsormore,beaversprovidedthemostvaluablefurinnorthamerica.beaverskinsoftenusedasmoney.
youngmenlookingforadventureheadedwestacrossthecountrytosearchforbeavers.intheirsearch,theyexploredmuchofthewesternterritories.thetradingposts,wheretheyexchangedbeaverskinsforthegoodstheyneeded,becamevillages,andlatertownsandcities.
it’sinthebagthebag---oneofthesimplestandmostusefulthingsineverymanorwoman’slife---hasgiventheworldmanystrangeexpressionsthatarenotverysimple.anumberoftheseexpressionsarewidelyusedintheunitedstatestoday.somewereimportedfromenglandalongtimeago.
whenyouaresureofsomething,youcansay,“it’sinthebag.”共17页,当前第1页1234567891011121314151617
thisphraseseemedtohavearrivedwiththemodernpaperbag.before,americansusedtosay,“it’sallwrappedup.”then,thingsyouboughtwerewrappedinplainbrownpaper,orsometimesinoldnewspaper.
anotherwidelyusedexpressionsis“toletthecatoutofthebag”,meaningtorevealawell-keptsecret.
noonecanexplainhowthecatgotintothebag,orwhyitremainedthere.butthereisanoldstoryaboutit.longagotradesmansoldthingsinlargeclothbags.onceawomanaskedforapig.thetradesmanhelduphisclothbag.insidetherewassupposedtobealivepig.thewomanaskedtoseeit.whenthedishonesttradesmanopenedthebag,outjumpedasquealingcat,notapig.thetradesman’ssecretwasout:
hewastricky,andnoweverybodyknewit.
18.englishproverbs
characters
teacherofenglish:
mssmith(ms)
students:
li(li),mao(ma),anne(an),rivera(ri)
ms:
goodmorning,everyone.ihopeyouallknowwhatweareherefor.thetopicofourdiscussionthismorningis“englishproverbs”.
li:
so,i’mintherightgroup.
ma:
me,too.
ri:
me,too.
ms:
butiwastoldwewouldhavefour…andyet…
an:
i’mcoming.goodmorning.amilate?
ms:
morning.“speakofangelsandyouheartheirsongs.”
an:
isthataproverbreferringtomycoming?
ms:
exactly.
li:
wehaveasayinginchinese,whichithinkisverycloseinmeaning…
ma:
speakofcaocaoandheappears.
ms:
right.well,“firstthingsfirst”.aproverbisatraditionalsayingwhichoffersadviceorpresentsamoralinashortandbriefmanner.aproverbnormallyisasentence,intowhichthewriteroftenworksrhyme.forinstance,“eastorwest,homeisbest.”sometimesitcomesoutintheformofaphrase.
ma:
i’veseendictionariesofproverbs.
ms:
well,therearethousandsofproverbs.theyfallintothreemaincategories.thoseofthefirsttypetaketheformofabstractstatements.theyexpressgeneraltruths.herearetwogoodexamples:
“oneisnevertoooldtolearn.”and“amanwhoneglectshisstudiesinyouthwillregretitinlateryears.”
ri:
ithinkthereissometruthinbothproverbs.toencourageapersonwhohashadlittleeducationforsomereasonasayoungman,wemayusetheformer.withus,iguessthelatterworks.
ms:
soyouhavetokeepthisinmind.neveruseproverbsoutofcontext.“oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.”
li:
isee.then,whatisthesecondtype?
ms:
thesecondtypeusesspecificobservationsfromeverydayexperiencetomakeageneralpoint.共17页,当前第2页1234567891011121314151617
an:
“don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”doesitfallintothesecondcategory?
ms:
you’reright,dear.thenthethirdtypeconsistsofsayingsfromparticularareasoftraditionalcustomsandbeliefs.“afterdinner,restawhile;aftersupper,walkamile.”isanexampleofthistype.suchproverbsareoftenrelatedtoagriculture,theseasons,andtheweather.
li:
manypeopleholdtheopinionthatproverbsaregoingoutoffashion.isthattrue?
ms:
thefactis,assomeoldonesarefallingintodisuse,newonesarebeingcreated.thecomputerworldhasrecentlygivenuslotsofthem.
an:
i’vegotone:
“rubbishin,rubbishout.”
ma:
italsogoes“garbagein,garbageout.”
ms:
ithinkitismorecommontosay“garbagein,garbageout.”well,ihope,today“you’llhavesomethingniceoutasyouhavehadsomethingnicein.”
an:
thankyou,mssmith.bytheway,dowehaveanassignmentasusual?
ms:
yes.youaretocollectsomeproverbsofthefirsttype,thatis,proverbsthatexpressgeneraltruths.
li:
i’dliketocollectsomeonstudies.
ms:
good!
i’msogladtohavebeenwithyou.(tothefourstudents)“strikewhiletheironishot.”seeyounextweek.
19.tipsonmakingapublicspeech
itisinterestingtonotethatspeechesarealways“given”or“delivered”.theyarenever“said”.whengivingaspeech,therefore,itisusefultothinkofyourselfasplayingapart,i.e.acting.thiskindofactingcallsforanintegrationofverbalandnonverbalcommunication.nonverbalcommunicationchieflyinvolvesthespeaker’sstanceandgestures,theeyecontactbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience,andagoodcontrolofthepresentationspeedoftalking/speaking.
stancethisisimportanttothedeliveryofagoodspeech.standupstraightandkeepyourheadup.droppingyourheadlooksunprofessionalandmaypreventyouraudiencefromhearingyouclearly.ontheotherhand,don’tstandlikeaguardonduty.youhavetobeabletomoveinanaturalwayinordertoaddexpressiontoyourwords.bodylanguage“says”alot.avoidholdingyourhandstightlytogether;thiswillinterferewithfreeandnaturalmovement.don’tplaywithkeysorcoinsinyourpocket;thiswilldistractyouraudience.
gesturesgesturesandfacialexpressionsarebothimportantaidstothespokenwordwhenyouarecommunicating.adull,longspeechdeliveredwithoutexpression,withoutgesturesoreyecontactwillnotbewellreceived.theskillisindecidinghowmuchgesturingtobeemployedandinmakingsurethatyourgesturesarenatural.共17页,当前第3页1234567891011121314151617
ingeneral,thelargertheaudience,themoreexpansivethegesturesshouldbe,becausetheywillnotbeseensoclearlybytheaudience.inasmallgroup,facialexpressionswilladdalottounderstanding.trytellingsomebodysomethingfunnywithaveryseriousface.theywillhavedifficultybelievingwhatyouarereallysayingisfunny.
differentgesturesaresupposedtobeusedindeliveringaspeech.somepeopleusetheirhandsalotwhenspeaking.youmustmakesurethatyourgesturesarenotrepeatedtoooften,andtheyshouldbeexpressiveandmeaningful.
eyecontacttohavemaximumimpactyouneedtomakeeachmemberofyouraudiencefellasifyouwerespeakingtothempersonally.todothis,glancetowardsallsectionsoftheaudienceanddon’tbeafraidtomoveyourhead.ifyoufavouronedirection,theothersidemayfeelyouareignoringthemandthereforeloseinterestinwhatyouaresaying.
timingaccuratetimingisessential.youshouldensurethatyoudon’tfallshortoforrunoverthetimeallowedforyourspeech.eitherway,theaudiencewillfeelunhappyandloseconcentrationonyourspeech.thebestwaytoovercomethisisthroughpreparation.clearthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayandhowlongyourspeechwilllast,beforeyoustarttowriteit,willsavealotoftime.whenpractising,makesurethatyouspeakatthecorrectspeedanddotimeyourself.
20.keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
howlongshouldimakemyspeech?
howlongwillmyaudienceconcentrateonmyspeech?
hoeslowlyshouldispeaktomakemyselfclearlyunderstood?
intryingtoanswerthesequestions,weseehowimportanttimingistospeech.
keepyourspeechlessthan15minuteslinyutang,thefamouswriterandtranslator,oncesaidaboutthelengthofaspeech,“theshorter,thebetter.”speakingaroundthetopicshouldbeseriouslyavoided,notonlyinspeech,butinallconversationsinenglish.beingindirectandroundaboutinyourapproachmaybethoughtskillfulinchinese.butinenglishspeech?
noway.whenoneismakingaspeechinenglish,heshouldalwayssticktothepoint,andusesimple,clear,anddirectlanguage.
accordingtoscientists,audiencescangenerallyonly
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