高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案1.docx
- 文档编号:13200711
- 上传时间:2023-06-12
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:45
- 大小:50.85KB
高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案1.docx
《高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案1.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案1.docx(45页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高考英语阅读理解综合题及答案1
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?
Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?
Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.
ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.
Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.
Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.
Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.
(1)Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.
A. alackofconfidenceintechnology
B. aslowprogressintechnology
C. aconflictofpublicopinions
D. awasteoflimitedresources
(2)TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.
A. takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccount
B. maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople
C. ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport
D. providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities
(3)Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?
A. Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.
B. Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.
C. Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.
D. Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.
B. Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.
C. Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.
D. Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家,对个人,对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知,对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用,也就是资源的浪费,故选D。
(2)推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.”可知,与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心,还不如给钱打井,铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机,这些东西更能改善他们的生活。
作者不是说这些东西一定更重要,但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本,因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况,而不是一味地追求信息化,故选A。
(3)推理判断题。
根据第五段“Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.”可知,对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。
正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界,很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规,故选B。
(4)推理判断题。
根据第三段“ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.”可知,对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论,制造产品已经过时了,他们应该靠创意生活,因而忽略了制造业,从而对经济造成不利影响,故可知,传统的技术依然有它的地位,不能被新兴的信息技术取代,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.
Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?
Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?
Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.
'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.
Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.
Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?
Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."
(1)Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?
A. Itconsumeslotsoftime. B. Itinvolvesinterestingideas.
C. Itrequirescomplextechniques.
D. Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?
A. Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.
B. Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.
C. Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.
D. Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.
(3)WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?
A. Hopeful B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Ambiguous.
(4)Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Pop-science.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术,而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域,人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。
折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知,折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术,我们不用裁剪或拼贴,只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西,由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象,由此可推测ErikDemaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”;第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”;第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemai
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高考 英语 阅读 理解 综合 答案