英语写作方法示范讲解.docx
- 文档编号:10902257
- 上传时间:2023-05-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:41
- 大小:48.73KB
英语写作方法示范讲解.docx
《英语写作方法示范讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语写作方法示范讲解.docx(41页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英语写作方法示范讲解
写作Writing
I.StructureofCET-4composition
Ø开篇的写法
写好文章或段落的开头很重要。
一般来讲,文章开头既要写出文章的主题,又要能够引起读者阅读的兴趣。
不同的文章开头的方式不同,常见的有以下八种:
引语法(Quotation)、设问法(Questions)、数据法(Figuresandstatistics)、背景法(Relevantbackgroundinformation)、定义法(Definition)、主题句法(Topicsentence)、比拟法(Analogy)、列举法(Listingthemainitems)。
一、引语法(Quotation):
指通过在开头段引用一些与主题相关的名人名言、成语或谚语等来开始一篇文章。
引语法可应用于各种文体。
E.g.:
Astheproverbsays,“Nooneknowsthevalueofhealthuntilhelosesit.”Inotherwords,nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.
Itisclearthathealthisthefoundationofone’sfuturesuccess.…
Nowthatweknowthathealthistheresourceofourenergy,whatshouldwedotomaintainandenhanceourhealth?
…
Inconclusion,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.(Health)
Itisknowntoallthatlifeisshort.Schoollifeisstillshorter.Wecanobtainmanyathingmorethanonce,butwecannotgetbackthelosttimeevenonce.Anoldsayinggoes,“Artislong,butlifeisshort.”Wehaveonlylimitedtimetolearnunlimitedknowledge.(MaketheMostofOurSchoolDays)
Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopinion,timeisevenmorepreciousthanmoney.Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback;butwhentimeisgone,itwillneverreturn.Thuswemustvaluetime.(TheValueoftime)
二、设问法(Questions):
只用提出问题的方法来引出文章的主题,以激起读者的兴趣。
设问法可用于各种文体。
WhatIsSuccess
Whatissuccess?
Differentpeoplemightgivedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Somepeoplethinkthatoneissuccessfulifhecanmakeagreatdealofmoney.Otherpeoplethinkthatsuccessmeansholdinganimportantgovernmentpost.Stillothersconsideronewhohasgotahighacademictitleassuccess.
However,Idonotthinkthatmoney,power,orstatusisthesymbolofsuccess.Inmyopinion,successmeansachievingbrilliantresultsinone’sspeciality,makingcontributionstothedevelopmentofthecountryandbringinghappinesstothepeople.
Tobecomesuccessfulmeninthetruesense,weshouldbebothperseverantandindustrious.Weshouldkeepinmindthatperseveranceisthemotherofsuccessandindustryisthekeytosuccess.Ifwefollowtheseprinciples,wecancertainlyachievesuccessinthefuture.
三、数据法(Figuresandstatistics)
数据法就是用数字或数据开头来引出文章的主题。
数据法多用于描写文、说明文和议论文。
Honesty:
IsItGoingoutofStyle?
Accordingtoarecentpoll,61%ofAmericanhighschoolstudentshaveadmittedtocheatingonexamsatleastonce.Itcannotbearguedthatsucharesponsemaynotmeanmuch.
Childrentodayseemtobegluedtothesilvertubecalledtelevision.Bykindergartenage(fiveyearsold),theaveragechildwhostartedwatchingtelevisionatagethreewillhaveconsumed5,000to8,000hoursoftelevisionayear,andwatchedmorethan30,000commercialsperyear.
四、背景法(RelevantbackgroundInformation)
Forsolongastherehavebeenliars,therehavebeenattemptstofindthetruth.ThoseontrialinancientChinaweremadetochewricepowderwhiletestifying.Ifthepowderwasdrywhenthesuspectspatitout,hewasjudgedguiltybecauseitwasassumedthatnervousnessovertellinglieshaddriedthatsalivainthesuspect’smouth.
五、定义法(Definition)
Self-confidence
Self-confidencemeanstrustinone’sownability.Asaveryimportantpsychologicalquality,itbringsyourcreativepowertoplay,arousesyourenthusiasmforworkandhelpsyouovercomedifficulties.Whenaskedforthesecretofhersuccess,Mme.Curieanswered:
“Mysuccessliesinperseveranceandself-confidence,thelatterinparticular.”
Self-confidencegivesyoulightwhenyouareindarkandencouragementwhenyouaredismayed.Itisself-confidence,ratherthangeniusandextraordinaryability,thatinspiresyoutocopewithanyarduoustask.Withself-confidence,thegoalyouintendcanbereached,andsocanthehardnutbecracked.
Somepeoplefindmostofthingsimpossible,saying:
“Itisbeyondmyabilitytodothetask.”or“Iamnotcutoutforit.”Inmanycases,thereareonlylameexcuses.Whenourheartisvoidofself-confidence,everyhopeisgone,andeverythingwearelayingourhandsonisspoilt.
OnPatriotism
Patriotismmeanstheloveofone’scountry.Itmakesonereadytosacrificeone’slifeforone’scountryandtodomanyotherdeedswhichcanbringbenefitstothepeople.Theeffectisverygreatwhenitisexercisedbyallthepeopleofacountry.Itmakesacountrystrong,andherhistoryglorious.Italsoimprovesaman’scharacterandsecuresforhimawidespreadfame.
Toloveourcountry,toworksoastomakeherstrongandrich,tosupporthergovernment,toobeyherlaws,topayfairtaxesintohertreasure,totreatourfellow-citizensaswewishtobetreatedourselves—thisistobearealChinesepatriot.
Ifthepeopleofacountryarenotpatriotic,thecountrymustbeveryweak.Historytellsushowsomecountriesofancienttimeswere,owingtoalackofpatriotism,conqueredbyotherpeoplesandhowthepeoplesoftheconqueredcountriesweremadeslavesundertheyokeoftheirvictoriousmasters.
六、主题句法(Topicsentence)
OnHappiness
Happinessiseasytofindandeasytomiss.Itdependsonthewayyoulookatlife.Itistrueformostpeoplethat,formostoflife,nothingwonderfulhappens.Ifyoudonotenjoygettingupandstudying,andfinishingyourworkandsittingdowntoamealwithfamilyorfriends,thenthechancesareyouarenotgoingtobeveryhappy.Ifsomeonebaseshishappinessorunhappinessonmajoreventslikeagreatnewjob,hugeamountofmoney,aflawlessloverorspouseoranAmericanpassport,thatpersonisnotgoingtobehappymuchofthetime.If,ontheotherhand,happinessdependsonagoodbreakfast,flowersinthegarden,adrinkoranap,thenwearemorelikelytolivewithquiteabitofhappiness.
七、比拟法(Analogy)
Atraditionalstorydescribesafoolishmanliftingarocktooheavyforhimandhavinghisownfeetsquashed.Hitlerwaslikethatfoolishman,buthewasdifferentinthat,beforehedestroyedhimself,hedestroyedmillionsofotherpeople.
Haveyouevercrossedasteambysteppingonthestones?
Itsurelyisawonderfulexperiencetowalkacrossasteamofturbulentcurrentwithoutgettingwet.Indoingso,however,itisimportanttochoosethesteppingstones.Ifthereareenoughstonesandthedistancebetweeneachtwostonesisnotlongerthanaman’sstride,youcanbesureofyoursteps.Ifthegapsaretoowide,orifsomeofthestonesdonothaveasolidfoundation,youshouldlookbeforeyouleap,oryouwouldfallintothewater.
Puttingyourideasacrosstootherpeopleisjustlikesteppingacrossthestream.Thewords,idiomsandgrammarpointsarethesteppingstones.Ifyouhaveasolidfoundationofeverything,itwouldnotbedifficulttoputyourideasacross,andyouwouldappreciateyourownideasbeingunderstoodandacceptedbyyouraudience.Ontheotherhand,thedeficienciesinyourlanguagelearningarethebiggapsbetweenthestones.Yourhavetobeverycarefulifyoudon’twanttofallintothewaterofineffectivenessorofbeingmisunderstoodbyyouraudience.
八、列出文中要讨论的主要内容法(Listingthemainitems)
简单列出扩展段要论述的主要内容,使读者对整篇文章有个概括的了解。
例如:
LearnerDifferences
Althoughlanguagelearnerssharesomecommonlanguagelearningprinciples,individualvariationscanneverbeignored.Infact,itistheseindividualvariationsthatmaybeabletoexplainthephenomenonthatsomelanguagelearnersareverysuccessfulintheirlearning,whileotherscannevermanagetograspwhattheyshouldgrasp.Theinfluentialfactorsintermsoflearnerdifferencescanbemanifold.Amongthem,Iwouldliketodiscuss,inthispaper,thefactorsassociatedwithpersonality,cognitivestyle,age,andlearnerstrategies.Thesefactors,Ithink,havesignificantimplicationsforsecondandforeignlanguagelearning.
Ø扩展段的写法
扩展段是一篇文章的主体段。
文章的主题在扩展段展开,常用的展开段落的方法有下面九种:
列举法(Listing)
举例说明法(Examples)
因果关系法(Causeandeffect)
定义法(Definition)
分类法(Classification)
比较对照法(Comparisonandcontrast)
时间顺序记叙法(Timeorder)
空间顺序描述法(Spaceorder)
过程描述法(Processdescription)
一、列举法(Listing)
列举法是指在主题句之后列举一些足以支持主题句观点的具体细节。
这种具体细节一般是事实描述、数据、例子等。
一般来讲,所列举的具体细节按照重要性递增的顺序排列。
列举法常常和举例法结合起来使用。
列举法常用的过渡词有以下几组。
一般要相对呼应,不混用。
1. First,second,third,…last
2. firstly,secondly,thirdly,…finally
3. thefirst…,thesecond…,thethird…,…thelast
4. tobeginwith/tostartwith/inthefirstplace,then,next,inaddition(to),besides,also,moreover,furthermore,whatismore,finally
运用列举法展开段落的写作模式如下:
Topicsentence
Detail1
Detail2
Detail3,…
Concludingsentence
WatchTVFootball
Watchingafootballgameontelevisionmayseemliketheeasiestthingintheworld.However,likethegameoffootballitself,watchingagamecorrectlyisfarmorecomplicatedthanitappears.Firstisthematterofthecompany.Theidealnumberofpeopledependsonthesizeofyourlivingroom.Also,atleastoneofyourcompanionsshouldberootingfortheoppositeteam.There’snothinglikealittlerivalrytoincreasetheenjoymentofafootballgame.Next,youmustattendtotherefreshments.Makesuretohaveonhandplentyofeveryone’sfavoritedrinks,alongwiththeessentialchips,dips,andpretzels.Youmayevenwantsomethingmoresubstantialonhand,likesandwichesorpizza.Ifyoudo,makeeveryonewaituntilthemomentofkickoffbeforeeating.Waitingwillmakeeverythingtastemuchbetter.Finally,thereisonelastpieceofequipmentyoushouldhaveonhand:
afootball.Thepurposeofthisobjectisnottosendlampshurtingfromtablesortosmashthetelevisionscreen,buttotossaroundoutsideduringhalf-time.Ifyourteamhappenstobegettingtrounced,youmaydecidenottowaituntilhalf-time.
二、举例说明法(Examples)
举例说明法是指用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的中心思想,举例说明法常与列举法结合使用。
使用这种写作方法要注意所选事例应与文章主题密切相关,具有典型性和代表性
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 写作 方法 示范 讲解