英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法 (1).doc
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英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法 (1).doc
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ComparisonandContrast
比较和对照的写作方法
目标:
掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法(比较着重相似点,而对照强调不同之处);
二.使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文,常见的比较对照有两种方式:
1.块状比较方式(blockmethod),先A后B,即A1,A2,A3...;B1,B2,B3...。
2.逐点比较方式(point-by-pointmethod),AB交错,即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...。
范文一:
CountryLifeandCityLife
Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,citylifeorrurallife.Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.
Livinginthecityhasagreatmanyadvantages.First,youcanenjoyvariouskindsoffoods,bothforeignanddomestic.Second,therearemoreculturalactivitiesinthecity–youcangototheconcert,thetheatre,themoviesorthediscoclubafteraday’shardwork.Butcitylifehasmanyproblems,too.Theovercrowdedpopulation,trafficjam,industrialpollution,andthelackofunderstandingbetweenpeoplemayresultindiseaseandunhappiness.Livinginthecountry,however,youcanwatchthemagnificentsunriseandsunsetandlistentothebirdsinginginthetree.Ifyouwant,youcancertainlyhaveahugegardenwhenasmallgreenspaceseemsaluxuryinthecity.Inthecountry,youdon’thavesomucnworries.Youcanenjoythepleasureofworkbyplantingseedsintheearthandwatchingthemgrowintoflowersandfinallyintofruitsorfood.Butrurallifemaynotbethatperfect.Thingsaregoingsoslowlythatsometimesyoumayfeelthatyouareabsoluteleftbehindinsomeremotecornersoftheworld.Youmayagainmisstheparties,friendsandmoviesinthecity.
Likeanythingelse,countrylifeandcitylifehavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Thebestsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofbothlivesandgetridoftheirinconveniences.
范文二:
MiddleSchoolLifeandCollegeLife
Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolandthecollege.First,inmiddleschool,wehavetolistentowhattheteachersaysinclass,tounderstandthecontentofthetext.Butincollege,wemuststudybyourselvesbeforeclass.Ifnot,wecouldn'tfollowtheteacher.Second,therearelotsofrulesinmiddleschool.Forexample,weshouldweartheuniform,thegirlsmusthavetheirhaircutshort,andwearenotallowedtomakeboy-orgirlfriends.However,incollege,wehavemorefreedom.Wecanweartheclotheswelike.Andthegirlscouldhavelongbeautifulhair.Wearealsofreetomakeboyorgirlfriends.Thethird,inthemiddleschool,wemuststudyfirst.Thatmeanswecoulddonothingbutstudy.Incontrast,wehavetodoeverythingbyourselvesincollege.Thatmeanswemustplanourtimecarefully.Therearealsootherdifferencesbetweenourschoollifeandourcollegelife.Wehavetolearntoadaptourselvestocollegelife.
三.写作步骤
1.写前阶段:
写作提纲
1)对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析,找出相似点/不同之处。
如分析Onlineshopingorin-storeshopping(网络购物还是店内购
Advantages
Disadvantages
Onlineshopping
Convenient;
Cheap;
Alotofselections
Cheated;
Cannotseetheitemsinperson;
In-storeshopping
Personal,talk;
Knowthequality;
Goodforhealth
Expensive;
Time-consuming;
tiring
2.写作阶段:
利用相关资料,组织结构与内容
1)Usefulwordsandphrases:
比较:
like,similarly,likewise,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,equally.
对照:
bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,conversely,differentfrom,however,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,unlike,yet,incontrast.
2)Usefulexpressions
Ø Justlikeacoinhastwosides,everytinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,and…isnoexception.
Ø Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.
Ø TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.
Ø AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...
Ø Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.
Ø Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.
Ø AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.
Ø AbearssomeresemblancestoB.
Ø However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.
Ø AandBdifferinseveralways.
Ø Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.
Ø ThesameistrueofB.
Ø WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.
Ø ItistruethatA...,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are...
I.Introduction:
Comparisonandcontrastisamethodthatisoftenusedbywriterstoanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwosubjects.Tocompareistobringoutthesimilaritiesbetweentwothings,andtocontrast,whichisaformofcomparison,istoemphasizethedifferencesbetweenthem.Asaresult,wecanunderstandthetwosubjectsbetterthanwewoulddoifwejustexaminethetwoindividually.
Inwritingacomparisonandcontrastessay,youmayemphasizeeitherthesimilaritiesorthedifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects,orifyoulike,youmayincludeinyouressayboththesimilaritiesanddifferences.Nomatterwhatyoumayemphasizeinyouressay,rememberyoushouldmakeapointinyouressay,thatis,thereshouldbeapurposeformakingthecomparisonandthecontrast.Ifthetwoitemsaretoosimilarortoodifferent,therewon’tbeanypointincomparingorcontrastingthem.
II.Threepurposesformakingacomparisonandcontrast:
A.Topresentinformationaboutsomethingunfamiliarbycomparingitwithsomethingfamiliar.
B.Toshowthesuperiorityofonethingbycomparingitwithanother.
C.Toshowthereaderofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftwothingstohelpthereaderunderstandorevaluatethem.
III.Theorganizationofacomparisonandcontrastessay:
A.Howtointroduceacomparisonandcontrastessay
Youcanintroduceyourcomparisonandcontrastessaybyexplainingclearyourpurposeformakingthecomparisonand/orcontrast.Youcanalsopresentthebackgroundinformationthatpromotesyoutowritetheessay.
B.Howtoorganizethebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay:
Whenyoucometothebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay,youshouldfollowthefollowingtwosteps:
1.Identifyingthepoints:
Ifyoudon’tknowwhatpointstocompareand/orcontrastaboutthesubjects,youcancreatealistofpotentialpointsforeachofthesubjects.Thenyoucanrearrangethesepoints.
2.Choosinganeffectivepatterntoorganizethesimilaritiesanddifferences.
a)Thesubject-by-subjectpattern:
topresenteachofthetwosubjectsseparately,thatis,topresentfirstaboutoneofthesubjects,coveringthepointscompletely,thenproceedtotheothersubject,alsocoveringallthepointscompletely.Ingeneral,thiswayworksbetterinshortessayswherefewaspectsareconsidered,orwherethewriter’sinterestisinthewhole.Itspatternislikethefollowing:
b)Thepoint-by-pointpattern:
todiscussthetwosubjectsforeachpointofcomparisonandcontrast,thatis,youwriteaboutthefirstpointintermsofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects,thenproceedtothenextpoint,andsoon.Thiswayispreferableinlongessayswheremanyaspectsarementioned,foralongdiscussionofthevariousaspectsofoneitemputstoomuchburdenonthereader’smemory.Itspatternislikethefollowing:
c)Thesim-diffpattern:
Thewriterputsallthesimilaritiesbetweenthesubjectstogetherandallthedifferencestogether.Thistechniqueissuitableforthosesubjectswhosesimilaritiesanddifferencesaremorebalanced.Inanessayusingthispatterntoorganizethebodypart,thewholeessaywillbearrangedinthefollowingway:
Introduction
Similarities
Differences
Conclusion
C.Howtoendacomparisonandcontrastessay:
Yourconclusionshouldhelpyourreadersdrawconclusions.Youmayproposeanaction,stimulatethereaderormakeageneralization.Youcanalsorestateyourpurposeinafreshway.
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- 英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法 1 英语 作文 比较 对照 写作 方法