亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案05解读Word格式文档下载.doc
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亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案05解读Word格式文档下载.doc
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LO4:
Decidetoacceptorrejectaspecialorderusingthecontributionmargintechnique.
A2,B2
36,40
55,56,62
63,64
LO5:
Explainwhypricingdecisionsdependonthecharacteristicsofthemarket.
25,42
58
LO6:
Identifythefactorsthatinfluencepricingdecisionsinpractice.
26,41
47,52,53
65
LO7:
Computeatargetsalespricebyvariousapproaches,andcomparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheseapproaches.
A3
43,44
LO8:
Usetargetcostingtodecidewhethertoaddanewproduct.
A4,B3
27,45,46
59,60,61
RelevantInformationforDecisionMakingwithaFocusonPricingDecisions
5-A1 (40-50min.)
1. INDEPENDENCECOMPANY
ContributionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
(inthousandsofdollars)
Sales $2,200
Lessvariableexpenses
Directmaterial $400
Directlabor 330
Variablemanufacturingoverhead(Schedule1) 150
Totalvariablemanufacturingcostof
goodssold $880
Variablesellingexpenses 80
Variableadministrativeexpenses 25
Totalvariableexpenses 985
Contributionmargin $1,215
Lessfixedexpenses:
Fixedmanufacturingoverhead(Schedule2) $345
Sellingexpenses 220
Administrativeexpenses 119
Totalfixedexpenses 684
Operatingincome $531
INDEPENDENCECOMPANY
AbsorptionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
Sales $2,200
Lessmanufacturingcostofgoodssold:
Manufacturingoverhead(Schedules1and2) 495
Totalmanufacturingcostofgoodssold 1,225
Grossmargin $975
Less:
Sellingexpenses $300
Administrativeexpenses 144 444
SchedulesofManufacturingOverhead
Schedule1:
VariableCosts
Supplies $20
Utilities,variableportion 40
Indirectlabor,variableportion 90 $150
Schedule2:
FixedCosts
Utilities,fixedportion $15
Indirectlabor,fixedportion 50
Depreciation 200
Propertytaxes 20
Supervisorysalaries 60 345
Totalmanufacturingoverhead $495
2. Changeinrevenue $200,000
Changeintotalcontributionmargin:
Contributionmarginratioinpart1
is$1,215÷
$2,200=.552
Ratiotimesdecreaseinrevenueis.552×
$200,000 $110,400
Operatingincomebeforechange 531,000
Newoperatingincome $420,600
Thisanalysisisreadilydonebyusingdatafromthecontributionincomestatement.Incontrast,thedataintheabsorptionincomestatementmustbeanalyzedandsplitintovariableandfixedcategoriesbeforetheeffectonoperatingincomecanbeestimated.
5-A2 (25-30min.)
1. Acontributionformat,whichissimilartoExhibit5-6,clarifiestheanalysis.
Without With
Special Effectof Special
Order SpecialOrder Order
Units 2,000,000 150,000 2,150,000
Total PerUnit
Sales $11,000,000 $660,000 $4.401 $11,660,000
Lessvariableexpenses:
Manufacturing $3,500,000 $322,500 $2.152 $3,822,500
Selling&
administrative 800,000 35,250 .2353 835,250
Totalvariableexpenses $4,300,000 $357,750 $2.385 $4,647,250
Contributionmargin $6,700,000 $302,250 $2.015 $7,002,250
Manufacturing $3,000,000 0 0.00 $3,000,000
administrative 2,200,000 0 0.00 2,200,000
Totalfixedexpenses $5,200,000 0 0.00 $5,200,000
Operatingincome $1,500,000 $302,250 $2.015 $1,802,250
1 $660,000÷
150,000=$4.40
2 Regularunitcost=$3,500,000÷
2,000,000= $1.75
Logo .40
Variablemanufacturingcosts $2.15
3 Regularunitcost=$800,000÷
2,000,000= $.40
Lesssalescommissionsnotpaid(3%of$5.50) (.165)
Regularunitcost,excludingsalescommission $.235
2. Operatingincomefromselling7.5%moreunitswouldincreaseby$302,250÷
$1,500,000=20.15%.Notealsothattheaveragesellingpriceonregularbusinesswas$5.50.Thefullcost,includingsellingandadministrativeexpenses,was$4.75.The$4.75,plusthe40¢
perlogo,lesssavingsincommissionsof.165¢
cameto$4.985.Thepresidentapparentlywanted$4.985+.08($4.985)=$4.985+.3988=$5.3838perpen.
Moststudentswillprobablycriticizethepresidentforbeingtoostubborn.Thecosttothecompanywastheforgoingof$302,250ofincomeinordertoprotectthecompany'
simageandgeneralmarketposition.Whether$302,250wasawiseinvestmentinthefutureisajudgmentthatmanagersarepaidforrendering.
5-A3 (15-20min.)
Thepurposeofthisproblemistounderscoretheideathatanyofanumberofgeneralformulasmightbeusedthat,properlyemployed,wouldachievethesametargetsellingprices.Desiredsales=$7,500,000+$1,500,000=$9,000,000.
Thetargetmarkuppercentagewouldbe:
1. 100%ofdirectmaterialsanddirectlaborcostsof$4,500,000.
Computationis:
($9,000,000-$4,500,000)÷
$4,500,000=100%
2. 50%ofthefullcostofjobsof$6,000,000.
($9,000,000-$6,000,000)÷
$6,000,000=50%
3. [$9,000,000–($3,500,000+$1,000,000+$700,000)]÷
$5,200,000=73.08%
4. ($9,000,000-$7,500,000)÷
$7,500,000=20%
5. [$9,000,000–($3,500,000+$1,000,000+$700,000+$500,000)]÷
$5,700,000 =$3,300,000÷
$5,700,000=57.9%
Ifthecontractorisunabletomaintaintheseprofitpercentagesconsistently,thedesiredoperatingincomeof$1,500,000cannotbeobtained.
5-A4 (15-20minutes)
1. Revenue($360×
70,000) $25,200,000
Totalcostoverproductlife 16,000,000
Estimatedcontributiontoprofit $9,200,000
Desired(target)contributiontoprofit
40%×
$25,200,000 10,080,000
Deficiencyinprofit $880,000
Theproductshouldnotbereleasedtoproduction.
2. Previoustotalestimatedcost $16,000,000
Costsavingsfromsuppliers
.20×
.70×
$8,000,000 1,120,000
Revisedtotalestimatedcost $14,880,000
Revisedtotalcontributiontoprofit:
$25,200,000-$14,880,000 $10,320,000
Desired(target)contributiontoprofit 10,080,000
Excesscontributiontoprofit $240,000
Theproductshouldbereleasedtoproduction.
3. Previousrevisedtotalestimatedcostfrom
requirement2. $14,880,000
Processimprovementsavings:
.25×
.30×
$8,000,000 $600,000
Lesscostofnewtechnology 220,000 380,000
Revisedtotalestimatedcost 14,500,000
$25,200,000-$14,500,000 $10,700,000
Excesscontributiontoprofit $620,000
Theproductshouldbereleasedtoproduction.5-B1 (40-50min.)
1. KINGLANDMANUFACTURING
(Inthousandsofdollars)
Sales $13,000
Directmaterial $4,000
Directlabor 2,000
Variableindirectmanufacturing
costs(Schedule1) 960
Totalvariablemanufacturingcostofgoodssold $6,960
Variablesellingexpenses:
Salescommissions $500
Shippingexpenses 300 800
Variableclericalsalaries 400
Totalvariableexpenses 8,160
Contributionmargin $4,840
Manufacturing(Schedule2) $702
Selling(advertising) 400
Administrative-executivesalaries 100
Totalfixedexpenses 1,202
Operatingincome $3,638
KINGLANDMANUFACTURING
Indirectmanufacturingcosts
(Schedules1and2) 1,662 7,662
Grossprofit 5,338
Sellingexpenses:
Advertising 400
Shippingexpenses 300 $1,200
Administrativeexpenses:
Executivesalaries $100
Clericalsalaries 400 500 1,700
Operatingincome $3,638
Schedules1and2
IndirectManufacturingCosts
Cuttingbits $60
Abrasivesformachining 100
Indirectlabor 800 $960
Factorysupervisors'
salaries $100
Factorymethodsresearch 40
Long-termrent,factory 100
Fireinsuranceonequipment 2
Propertytaxesonequipment 30
Depreciationonequipment 400
Factorysuperintendent'
ssalary 30 702
Totalindirectmanufacturingcosts $1,662
2. Operatingincomewoulddecreasefrom$3,638,000to$3,268,000:
Decreaseinrevenue $1,000,000
Decreaseintotalcontributionmargin*:
Ratiotimesrevenueis.37×
$1,000,000 $370,000
Decreaseinfixedexpenses 0
Operatingincomebeforeincrease 3,638,000
Newoperatingincome $3,268,000
*Contributionmarginratioincontributionincomestatementis$4,840÷
$13,000=.37(rounded).
Theaboveanalysisisreadilycalculatedbyusingdatafromthecontributionincomestatement.Incontrast,thedataintheabsorptionincomestatementmustbeanalyzedanddividedintovariableandfixedcategoriesbeforetheeffectonoperatingincomecanbeestimated.
5-B2 (30-40min.)
1
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