A商务契约.docx
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A商务契约.docx
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A商务契约
Assessmenttask
1
Outcome
covered
1
Assessmenttaskinstructions
Theassessmentisintheformofawrittenresponsetocasestudy1.
Therearethreequestions.Assessmentwillbedonebymeansofoneclosed-bookexercise.Asanintegratedtaskthisshouldbecompletedinamaximumofthreehours.Thisshouldincludetimeforreadingandreview.
Youmustmakeuseofthecasestudyinyouranswer.Insomeparts,however,theinformationinthecasestudyisastartingpointandyoushouldmakeuseofcaselawandideasthatyouhavestudiedduringstudyoftheUnit.Candidateswillbeexpected,asmuchaspossible,todemonstratethetheoreticallegalpositioninanswertoassessment.
AssessmentTask1
Outcome1
CaseStudy1
Michaelhasrecentlyhadsomereallybadluckwithsomeofhispurchases.Onthreeseparateoccasionshehasmadeapurchaseandhadreasontobelievethathisconsumerrightshavebeenviolated.
Hedecidedtogoonawalkingholidayandpurchasedan‘allweather’jacket.Themanufacturer’sdescriptionstatedthatthejacketwascompletelywaterproof,lightenoughtobecomfortableinanyweatherconditions(becauseofthenewtypeofmaterial,keepingthewearercoolinheatandwarmincold).
Theyoffereda10yearguarantee,evenstatingthatthejacketwasofsuchaqualitythatitwouldprobablylastalifetime.
Afterwearinghisjacketforonlyonedayhecontactedtheretailer.Hewasveryconcerned.Theziphadbroken,waterhadpenetratedandhehadfeltcold.
OnreturningfromhisholidayMichaelboughtanexpensivegardenmaintenanceset(thisincludedelectricalitemssuchasmowerandtrimmeraswellashandheldtools).
Asitwasahighcostitemheappliedforcreditfromthecreditcompanywhichnormallyprovidedfinancefortheshop’scustomers.Withinafewdaysofdelivery,themowerandtrimmerbreakdownandtheshopheboughtthemfromisclosingdown.
Hebuysthesamesetfromanotherretailer.Oncloseinspectionhenoticesthatthespecificationisnotthesameastheonehehadseendisplayedasademonstrator(theelectricalitemswerenotaslargeandthehandheldtoolswerefiberglassratherthanstainlesssteel).
Michaelseeksadviceaboutwhattodoineachofthesituations.
Task
RespondtoMichael’srequestforadvice.
IncludeanswerstoallofthefollowingaspartofyourresponsetoMichael’srequest:
1.ExplaintherightsavailabletotheconsumerasofferedbytheprovisionsoftheSaleofGoodsAct1979(asamended)andprovideasuitableresponsetoMichael.
2.OutlinethetermsoftheConsumerCreditAct1974andadviseMichaelofhisrights.
3.ExplainthemainpointsoftheTradesDescriptionAct1968(asamended)anditsimplicationsforpurchaseofthegardenset.
Assessmenttask
1
Outcome
covered
1
Suggestedsolutionandmakinganassessmentdecision
1.SaleofGoodsAct1979(SOGA)definesasaleas:
‘contractinwhichthesellertransfersoragreestotransferpropertyingoodstothebuyerforamoneyconsideration,calledtheprice’.
TheoriginalActhasbeenamendedbytheSaleandSupplyofGoodsAct1994andtheSaleandSupplyofGoodstoConsumersRegulations2002.
Thelegaleffectofa‘sale’isthatthepurchaserobtainsarealrightoverthegoods.Thecontractcanbeverbal,inwritingorpartlywritten,partlyverbal.Ifgoodschangehandswithoutamoneytransactionthiswouldbebarter,andnotcoverbytheAct.
SOGAhassomeimpliedterms:
♦Thesellermusthave‘title’tothegoods
♦Nothirdpartyshouldhavetitletothegoodswhichwouldpreventthebuyerfromobtaininggoodtitle
♦ObligationsarisingcannotbeexcludedorrestrictedbyagreementundertheUnfairContractTermsAct1977(asamended)
♦NiblettLtdVConfectionersMaterialsC.(1921)
♦McDonaldVProvan(ScotlandStreet)Ltd(1960)
Goodssoldmustcomplywiththeirdescription(Section13SOGA1979)
Roberts&CoVYule(1986)
GrantVAustralianKnittingMills(1936)
Theymustalsobeof‘satisfactoryquality’andbeofa‘reasonablefitnessforthepurpose’(Section14(3)SOGA1979)
Whenconsideringwhethergoodsarefitforthepurpose,considerationswouldbegivento:
♦fitnessforpurposeforwhichgoodsarecommonlyused
♦appearanceandfinish
♦freedomfrommostdefects
♦safety
♦durability
ThomsonVJSears&Co(1926)
PriestVLast(1903)
FrostVAylesburyDairyCoLtd(1905)
Thereisaclearrelationshipbetween‘satisfactoryquality’and‘fitnessforpurpose’.
Whereproblemsoccurthebuyerdoesnothavetoprovenegligenceonthepartoftheseller.ThestrictliabilityunderSection14oftheActmeansthatthesellerhastoreturnboththepurchasepriceandcompensatefordamagewhichthedefectivegoodsmayhavecaused(provisionsofSOGAonlyapplytothebuyer).
InresponsetoMichaelthefollowingshouldbeconsidered:
♦Thejacketisnotasdescribed(Section13SOGA1979)soMichaelisentitledtoarefundofthepurchaseprice(GrantvAustralianKnittingMills)
♦Thejacketwasnotofasatisfactoryquality(Section14SOGA1979).Againthiswouldleadtorefundofpurchaseprice(PriestvLast(1903)anditisnotfitforthepurpose(Section14SOGA1979)givinghimyetanotherreasonforgettinghismoneyback(McCallumvMason1956).
2.Thecreditagreementisanexampleofdebtor-creditor-supplieragreement.UnderSection75oftheConsumerCreditAct1975boththecreditorandthesupplierarejointlyliableinrespectofthebreachofcontract.Hewouldclaimagainstthecreditfirmforthefullamount(connectedlenderliability).
NBMichaelwouldchoosewhethertoclaimagainstthecreditororthesupplier.
TheConsumerCreditAct(1974)introducedalicensingsystemtocoverallactivitiesrelatingtocredit.ItistheresponsibilityoftheDirectorGeneralofFairTradingtolicencethosewhoprovidecredit.
Itisacriminaloffencetoprovidecreditwithoutalicence.
TheActcontrolsregulatedagreementsandconsumerhireagreements.
Regulatedagreementsinclude:
Runningaccountcredit,fixedsumcredit,restrictedusecreditagreements,unrestrictedusecreditagreements.
ConsumerHireagreementsasdefinedinSection15oftheActisanagreementmadebyanownerofgoodstohiregoodstoanindividualknownasthe‘hirer’(thisisnotahirepurchaseagreement).
UnderSection60oftheConsumerCreditAct1974thedocumentsignedundertheconditionalsaleorcreditsaleagreementshouldhaveaheadingstatingwhichtypeofagreementitis.
UndertheConsumerCredit(Agreement)Regulations1983thedocumentmustcontain:
♦Nameandaddressoftheparties.
♦Cashpriceswherearestricteduse,debtor-creditor-supplieragreement.
♦Amountofanydeposit.
♦Amountandtimingofeachpayment.
♦TheAPR(annualpercentagerate)ofthetotalchargeforcredit.
♦Thetotalamountpayable.
♦Detailsofanysecurityprovidedtodebtor.
♦Detailsofanychargespayabletodebtorifindefault.
♦Informationabouttheprotectionandremediesavailabletothedebtor.
Thismustbesignedandcopieskeptbybothdebtorandcreditor.
3.TheTradeDescriptionsAct1968providesprotectiontoconsumersthroughthecriminallaw.Afalsedescriptionmeansmisleadingtoamaterialdegree.Itisacriminaloffenceforaperson,inthecourseoftradeorbusiness:
Tomakeastatementknowntobefalseorrecklesslymakeastatementwhichisfalseinrespectofanyservices,accommodationorfacilities.
WingsVEllis(1985)
BritishAirwaysBoardVTaylor(1985)
FordvGuild(1990)
UnderSection2oftheActadescriptionwhichismisleadingtoamaterialdegree(directorindirect)canapplyinrespectofthefollowing:
♦Quantity,sizeorgaugeofgoods.
♦Compositionofgoods(100%).
♦Methodofmanufacture(machinemade).
♦Fitnessforpurpose,strength,performance,behaviouroraccuracy.
♦Otherphysicalcharacteristics.
♦Date,placeofmanufacture.
♦Conformitywithatypeofapproval(BritishStandards).
♦Historyofgoodsincludingownershiporuse(mileageofcar).
InMichael’ssituationthesellermighttrytoclaimthattherewasamistakemadeduetoinformationsuppliedandthateverypossiblethinghadbeendonetoavoidthissituationarising.Michaelwouldclaimthatthecompositionofthegoods(100%stainlesssteelasstatedonthedemonstrator)wasnotupheldandthereforenon-compliantwithBritishStandards.Althoughtheymayhavebeenfitforthepurpose,theywerenotasdescribed.Michaelshouldreceivearefund—hemayacceptanothersetifitwasstainlesssteel.
Assessmenttask2
2
Outcome
covered
2
Assessmenttaskinstructions
Theassessmentsarebasedoncasestudies.Theassessmentsshouldbecompletedseparately.
Casestudy2relatestoOutcome2.
Casestudy3relatestoOutcome3.
Outcomes2and3areassessedwithoutsupervision.Thecasestudiesmaybeissuedatthesametimebuttheassessmenttasksshouldbecompletedseparately.
Youmustmakeuseofthecasestudyinyouranswer.Insomeparts,however,thecasestudyisastartingpointandyoushouldmakeuseofcaselawandideasyouhavedevelopedasyouhaveworkedthroughtheUnit.
Candidateswillbeexpected,asmuchaspossible,todemonstratetherelevanttheoreticallegalposition.
Themarkingguidelinessetouttheminimumrequirementsforsuccessthroughouttheassessment.Tosucceed,candidatesmustmeettheminimumrequirementsforeverypartoftheassessment.
Theanswersprovidedareoutlineanswers,providinganoutline.Theyshouldnotbetakenastheonlysuitableformatforanacceptableanswer.Studentswillbeexpectedtoexplainthepointsmadeinrelevant,appropriatecasestudiesand,ifpossiblestatewhetherornotcaselawcanbereferredtointheadviceoffered.
AssessmentTask2
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- 商务 契约