懂你L7U2part3.docx
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懂你L7U2part3.docx
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懂你L7U2part3
L7-U2-5/7:
OnMachineIntelligence1
A
1.So,Istartedmyfirstjobasacomputerprogrammer inmyveryfirstyearofcollege-- basically,asateenager.
2.SoonafterIstartedworking, writingsoftwareinacompany,
3.amanagerwhoworkedatthecompanycamedowntowhereIwas,
4.Andhewhisperedtome, "CanhetellifI'mlying?
"
5.Therewasnobodyelseintheroom.
6."Canwhotellifyou'relying?
Andwhyarewewhispering?
"
7.Themanagerpointedatthecomputerintheroom. "CanhetellifI'mlying?
"
8.Well,thatmanagerwashavinganaffairwiththereceptionist.
9.AndIwasstillateenager.
10.SoIwhisper-shoutedbacktohim, "Yes,thecomputercantellifyou'relying."
11.Well,Ilaughed,butactually,thelaugh'sonme.
12.Nowadays,therearecomputational使用计算机的systems thatcansussout认识到;领会;发现本质;嫌疑犯emotionalstatesandevenlying fromprocessinghumanfaces.
13.Advertisersandevengovernmentsareveryinterested.
14.Ihadbecomeacomputerprogrammer becauseIwasoneofthosekidscrazyaboutmathandscience.
15.ButsomewherealongthelineI'dlearnedaboutnuclearweapons, andI'dgottenreallyconcernedwiththeethics伦理学;道德学ofscience. Iwastroubled.
16.However,becauseoffamilycircumstances, Ialsoneededtostartworkingassoonaspossible.
17.SoIthoughttomyself,hey,letmepickatechnicalfield whereIcangetajobeasily andwhereIdon'thavetodealwithanytroublesomequestionsofethics.
18.SoIpickedcomputers.
19.Well,ha,ha,ha!
Allthelaughsareonme.
20.Nowadays,computerscientistsarebuildingplatforms平台 thatcontrolwhatabillionpeopleseeeveryday.
21.They'redevelopingcarsthatcoulddecidewhotorunover.
22.They'reevenbuildingmachines,weapons, thatmightkillhumanbeingsinwar.
23.It'sethicsallthewaydown.
练
1.Theidiom“somewherealongtheline”meansatsomepointduringaprocess.
L7-U2-5/7:
OnMachineIntelligence2
A
1.Machineintelligenceishere.
2.We'renowusingcomputationtomakeallsortofdecisions, butalsonewkindsofdecisions.
3.We'reaskingquestionstocomputationthathavenosinglerightanswers, thataresubjective andopen-endedandvalue-laden偏向于接受特定价值观念的.
4.We'reaskingquestionslike, "Whoshouldthecompanyhire?
"
5."Whichupdatefromwhichfriendshouldyoubeshown?
"
6."Whichconvict宣判…有罪ismorelikelytoreoffend再冒犯;再犯罪?
"
7."Whichnewsitemormovieshouldberecommendedtopeople?
"
8.Look,yes,we'vebeenusingcomputersforawhile, butthisisdifferent.
9.Thisisahistoricaltwist欺骗;欺诈, becausewecannotanchor主持人;顶梁柱;刹车;computationforsuchsubjectivedecisions thewaywecananchorcomputationforflyingairplanes,buildingbridges, goingtothemoon.
10.Areairplanessafer?
11.Didthebridgesway摇摆;摆动andfall?
12.There,wehaveagreed-upon一致同意的;约定,fairlyclearbenchmarks标准检查程序;基准, andwehavelawsofnaturetoguideus.
13.Wehavenosuchanchorsandbenchmarks fordecisionsinmessyhumanaffairs.
B
1.Tomakethingsmorecomplicated,oursoftwareisgettingmorepowerful, butit'salsogettinglesstransparent透明的;受公众监督的;易察觉的andmorecomplex.
2.Recently,inthepastdecade, complexalgorithms运算法则;计算程序havemadegreatstrides阔步行进;大踏步走.
3.Theycanrecognizehumanfaces.
4.Theycandecipher破译;译解;handwriting.
5.Theycandetectcreditcardfraud欺骗 andblockspam垃圾邮件 andtheycantranslatebetweenlanguages. Theycandetecttumors肿瘤inmedicalimaging.
6.TheycanbeathumansinchessandGo.
7.Muchofthisprogresscomesfromamethodcalled"machinelearning."
8.Machinelearningisdifferentthantraditionalprogramming,whereyougivethecomputerdetailed,exact,painstaking刻苦的;下苦功的instructions.
9.It'smorelikeyoutakethesystemandyoufeeditlotsofdata, includingunstructureddata, likethekindwegenerateinourdigitallives.
10.Andthesystemlearnsbychurning搅拌;搅动;翻腾throughthisdata.
11.Andalso,crucially, thesesystemsdon'toperateunderasingle-answerlogic.
12.Theydon'tproduceasimpleanswer;it'smoreprobabilistic可能性的;或然性的:
"Thisoneisprobablymorelikewhatyou'relookingfor."
13.Now,theupside积极面is:
thismethodisreallypowerful.
14.TheheadofGoogle'sAIsystemscalledit, "theunreasonableeffectivenessofdata."
15.Thedownsideis, wedon'treallyunderstandwhatthesystemlearned. Infact,that'sitspower.
16.Thisislesslikegivinginstructionstoacomputer; it'smoreliketrainingapuppy-machine-creature wedon'treallyunderstandorcontrol.
17.Sothisisourproblem.
18.It'saproblemwhenthisartificialintelligencesystemgetsthingswrong.
19.It'salsoaproblemwhenitgetsthingsright,becausewedon'tevenknowwhichiswhichwhenit'sasubjectiveproblem.
20.Wedon'tknowwhatthisthingisthinking.
C
1.So,considerahiringalgorithm-- asystemusedtohirepeople,usingmachine-learningsystems.
2.Suchasystemwouldhavebeentrainedonpreviousemployees'data andinstructedtofindandhire peopleliketheexistinghighperformersinthecompany.
3.Soundsgood.
4.Ionceattendedaconference thatbroughttogetherhumanresourcesmanagersandexecutives, high-levelpeople,usingsuchsystemsinhiring.
5.Theyweresuperexcited.
6.Theythoughtthatthiswouldmakehiringmoreobjective,lessbiased有偏见的;有偏的;结果偏倚的, andgivewomenandminorities少数;未成年;未及法定年龄abettershot againstbiasedhumanmanagers.
7.Andlook--humanhiringisbiased.
8.Iknow. Imean,inoneofmyearlyjobsasaprogrammer,
9. Myimmediatemanager直属经理wouldsometimescomedowntowhereIwas reallyearlyinthemorningorreallylateintheafternoon, andshe'dsay,"Zeynep,let'sgotolunch!
"
10.I'dbepuzzledbytheweirdtiming. It's4pm.Lunch?
11.Iwasbroke,sofreelunch.Ialwayswent.
12.Ilaterrealizedwhatwashappening.
13.Myimmediatemanagershadnotconfessed承认totheirhigher-ups高层;大人物 thattheprogrammertheyhiredforaseriousjobwasateengirl whoworejeansandsneakers运动鞋towork.
14.Iwasdoingagoodjob,Ijustlookedwrong andwasthewrongageandgender.
15.Sohiringinagender-andrace-blind不分性别和种族way certainlysoundsgoodtome.
16.Butwiththesesystems,itismorecomplicated,andhere'swhy:
17.Currently,computationalsystemscaninferallsortsofthingsaboutyou fromyourdigitalcrumbs细屑, evenifyouhavenotdisclosed揭露;使显露;公开thosethings.
18.Theycaninferyoursexualorientation, yourpersonalitytraits特征, yourpoliticalleanings.
19.Theyhavepredictive预言性的;预计的powerwithhighlevelsofaccuracy准确;精确;准确度.
20.Remember--forthingsyouhaven'tevendisclosed. Thisisinference.
练:
1.Therearenoguidelinesforsubjectiveissues.
2.AccordingtoTufekci,machineintelligenceshouldnotbetrustedtohirenewemployees.
3.Toanchorsomethingmeanstomakeitstableandsecure.
4.Itisoftenunclearhowitcomestoitsconclusions.
5.Itleadstoprobabilistic可能性的;或然性的answers.
6.Ifamethodorargumentisprobabilistic,itisbasedonwhatismostlikelytobetrue.
7.Shedidn’tappearqualifiedforthejobduetoherageandgender.
8.Tomakeaninferencemeanstoformanopinionbasedontheavailableinformation.
9.Iwasdoingagoodjob,Iwasthewrongageandgender.
L7-U2-5/7:
OnMachineIntelligence3
A
1.Ihaveafriendwhodevelopedsuchcomputationalsystems topredictthelikelihoodofclinical临床的;临诊的;冷静能干的;客观的;冷淡疏远的;不偏不倚的;orpostpartum产后的depression fromsocialmediadata.
2.Theresultsareimpressive.
3.Hersystemcanpredictthelikelihoodofdepression monthsbeforetheonset开始ofanysymptoms症候;症状;病徵;-- monthsbefore.
4.Nosymptoms,there'sprediction.
5.Shehopesitwillbeusedforearlyintervention插入;介入;干预;干涉;措施;做法.Great!
6.Butnowputthisinthecontextofhiring.
7.Soatthesehumanresourcesmanagers’conference, Iapproachedahigh-levelmanagerinaverylargecompany,
8.AndIsaidtoher,"Look,whatif,unbeknownst未知的toyou, yoursystemisweeding淘汰outpeoplewithhighfuturelikelihoodofdepression?
9.They'renotdepressednow,justmaybeinthefuture,morelikely.
10.Whatifit'sweedingoutwomenmorelikelytobepregnant inthenextyearortwobutaren'tpregnantnow?
11.Whatifit'shiringaggressivepeoplebecausethat'syourworkplaceculture?
"
12.Youcan'ttellthisbylookingatgenderbreakdowns. Thosemaybebalanced.
13.Andsincethisismachinelearning,nottraditionalcoding编码,
14.thereisnovariable易变的;多变的;反复无定的therelabeled"higherriskofdepression," "higherriskofpregnancy," "aggressiveguyscale."
15.Notonlydoyounotknowwhatyoursystemisselectingon, youdon'tevenknowwheretobegintolook. It'sablackbox.
16.Ithaspredictivepower,butyoudon'tunderstandit.
17."Whatsafeguards,"Iasked,"doyouhave tomakesurethatyourblackboxisn'tdoingsomethingshady不正当的;靠不住的;可疑的?
"
18.ShelookedatmeasifIhadjuststeppedon10puppytails.
19.Shestaredatmeandshesaid, "Idon'twanttohearanotherwordaboutthis."
20.Andsheturnedaroundandwalkedaway.
21.Mindyou--shewasn'trude. Itwasclearly:
whatIdon'tknowisn'tmyproblem,goaway,deathstare.
22.Look,suchasystemmayevenbelessbiased thanhumanmanagersinsomeways.
23.Anditcouldmakemonetary金钱的;货币的sense.
24.Butitcouldalsolead toasteady稳定的butstealthy隐秘的shuttingoutofthejobmarket ofpeoplewithhigherriskofdepression.
25.Isthisthekindofsocietywewanttobuild, withoutevenknowingwe'vedonethis,
26. Becauseweturneddecision-makingtomachineswedon'ttotallyunderstand?
B
1.Anotherproblemisthis:
thesesystemsareoftentrainedondatageneratedbyouractions, humanimprints痕迹.
2.Well,theycouldjust
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