高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档 专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破十含答案.docx
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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档 专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破十含答案.docx
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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三阅读理解第三步题型突破十含答案
题型突破(十) 词义猜测之句意猜测题
A
(2017·溧阳竹箦中学检测)
Haveyoueverpickedajobbasedonthefactthatyouweregoodatitbutlaterfounditmadeyoufeelveryuncomfortableovertime?
Whenyouselectyourcareer,there’sawholelotmoretoitthanassessingyourskillsandmatchingthemwithaparticularposition.Ifyouignoreyourpersonality,itwillhurtyoulong-termregardlessofyourskillsorthejob’spay.Thereareseveralareasofyourpersonalitythatyouneedtoconsidertohelpyoufindagoodjob.Hereareafewofthosemainareas:
·Doyoupreferworkingaloneorwithotherpeople?
Thereareisolating(使孤立)jobsthatwilldriveanoutgoingpersoncrazyandalsointeractivejobsthatwillmakeashypersonuneasy.Mostpeoplearenotextremesineitherdirectionbutdohaveatendencythattheyprefer.Therearealsopositionsthataresometimesacombinationofthetwo,whichmaybebestforsomeoneinthemiddlewhoadaptseasilytoeithersituation.
·Howdoyouhandlechange?
Mostjobsthesedayshavesomeelementsofchangetothem,butsomearemorethanothers.Ifyouneedstabilityinyourlife,youmayneedajobwherethechangesdon’thappensooften.Otherpeoplewouldbeboredofthesamedailyroutine.
·Doyouenjoyworkingwithcomputers?
Idoseethisasakindofpersonalitycharacteristic.Therearepeoplewhoarehappytospendmorethan40hoursaweekonacomputer,whilethereareotherswhoneedalotofhumaninteractionthroughouttheday.Again,theseareextremesandyou’lllikelyfindalotofpositionssomewhereinthemiddleaswell.
·Whattypeofworkenvironmentdoyouenjoy?
Thiscanrangefrombeinginalargebuildingwithalotofpeopleyouwon’tknowimmediatelytoasmallersettingwhereyou’llgettoknowalmostallthepeopletherefairlyquickly.
·Howdoyouliketogetpaid?
Somepeoplearemotivatedbythepaytheyget,whileothersfeeltoostressedtobelikethat.Thevarietyofpaymentdesignsinthesalesindustryisatypicalexampleforthis.
Anyway,theseareagreatstartingpointforyou.I’veseenitoverandoveragainwithpeoplethattheymakemoremoneyovertimewhentheydosomethingtheylove.Itmaytakeyoualittlelonger,butmakingamovetodowhatyouhaveapassionforcanchangethecourseofyourlifeforthebetter.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文.主要讲述工作和个性之间的关系.要找一份好工作,考虑自己的个性是很有必要的.
1.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?
A.Beforeyouselectyourjob,youshouldassessyourskillsandmatchthemwithyourposition.
B.Therearemoreimportantthingsthanassessingskillsandmatchthemwiththepositionwhenyouselectyourjob.
C.Nothingisimportantthanassessingskillsandmatchthemwiththepositionwhenyouselectyourjob.
D.Youshouldignoreyourskillswhenyouselectyourjob.
答案 B
解析 句意猜测题.理解该句关键在于morethan“不仅仅,超过”,且下文讲到考虑个性也是找工作必不可少的.所以该句句意为:
在选择职业的时候,不仅仅要考虑技术以及技术与工作的对口.故正确答案为B.
2.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.LifestylesandJobPay
B.JobsandEnvironment
C.JobSkillsandAbilities
D.PersonalitiesandJobs
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题.通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了人的个性和工作之间的关系.故正确答案为D.
B
(2017·江苏高考压轴卷)
Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro”.Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black”.Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtowelcome.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans”,thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.
Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm“Black”carriedconnotations(涵义)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof“AfricanAmerican”.
Butifitwasknownthat“Black”peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom“AfricanAmericans”,researchers,untilnow,hadn’tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity’sErikaHall,foundthat“Black”peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan“AfricanAmericans”becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,“Black”peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.
Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialdiscriminationspermeatingtheprofessionalworld.EvenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaCV,itappears,cantapintorecruiters’(招聘人员)discriminations.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliations(关系)withgroupssuchasthe“WisconsinAssociationofAfrican-AmericanLawyers”orthe“NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation”,thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers’control.
Inoneofthestudy’sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas“African-American”,andanotherwastoldhewas“Black”.Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMrWilliams’salary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.
The“African-American”groupestimatedthatheearnedabout
37,000ayearandhadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The“Black”group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout
29,000,andguessedthathehadonly“some”collegeexperience.Nearlythree-quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMrWilliamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38.5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.
Hall’sfindingssuggestthere’sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse“AfricanAmerican”,thoughonecan’thelpbutgetthesensethatit’sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois’original,idealistichope:
“It’snotthename—it’stheThingthatcounts.”
语篇解读 本文是关于种族歧视的议论文,探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度.
3.WecanconcludefromErikaHall’sfindingsthat.
A.racialdiscriminationsarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld
B.manyapplicantsdon’tattendtodetailsontheirCVs
C.jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations
D.mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases
答案 A
解析 细节理解题.根据第四段第一句“Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialdiscriminationspermeatingtheprofessionalworld.”可知研究最引人注目的发现是揭示了种族歧视渗透到职业世界.故选A项.
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.JesseJacksonembracedtheterm“AfricanAmerican”becauseitisfreefromdiscrimination.
B.Thenamingofanyethnic(种族)groupispoliticallysensitive.
C.BeforethestudyconductedbyErikaHall,researchershadidentifiedthecausesofthegapinperceptionofracialdiscrimination.
D.Amanidentifiedas“AfricanAmerican”isthoughtofasmorecapablethanheisidentifiedas“Black”.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题.根据第三段第一句“Butifitwasknownthat‘Black’peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom‘AfricanAmericans’,researchers,untilnow,hadn’tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.”可知,如果人们知道“黑人”与“非裔美国人”有着不同的看法,那么研究人员到目前为止还没有意识到这种差异是由何产生.故C项是不正确的.
5.ErikaHall’sexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliamsindicatesthat.
A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups
B.blackpeople’ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow
C.people’sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled
D.one’sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground
答案 C
解析 推理判断题.根据第四段可知,种族歧视影响着人们的求职.又根据第五、六段举的例子可知,人们对一个人的认识是与这个人被贴上的标签紧密相关的.故选C项.
6.Fromtheunderlinedsentencesinthelastparagraph,wecanknowthatDrDuBois’hopeis.
A.allAmericansenjoyequalrights
B.apersonisjudgedbytheirworth
C.anewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans
D.allethnicgroupssharethenation’scontinuedprogress
答案 B
解析 句意猜测题.根据文章最后一段可知,DrDuBois希望判断一个人不是根据他的名称而是根据这个人创造的价值.故选B项.
C
(2017·姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄四校联考)
Atatimewhenmanystudentsstillseecollegeastheirbesthopeforarewardingcareer,highereducationhasbecomemoreexpensive,farmorethanthesteadyincreaseinthecostofliving.Asaconsequence,averagestudentdebtatgraduationiscurrentlypushing
30,000.Insomecases,studentdebtreachessixfigures.
Butfallingbeyondthereachofthesefrighteningstatisticsaremanycapablestudentswhodon’taccumulatestudentdebtbecausetheycan’taffordtogotocollegeinthefirstplace.
Whichraisesaquestion:
Wouldn’tournationbebetteroffifallAmericanstudentswereencouraged,orevenassisted,bypublicpolicytopushtheirintellectualcapacitiestotheirmaximums?
Whatifallhighereducationinourcountrywereextremelyaffordable?
Orevenfree?
Asithappens,theAssociatedPressreportedthatbothOregonandTennesseeareconsideringthefeasibility(可行性)ofno-tuitionpoliciesfortheircommunitycolleges.
ThelogicbehindtheseeffortsiswellexplainedbyOregonStateSenatorMarkHass:
“Ithinkeverybodyagreesthatwithahighschooleducationbyitself,thereisnopathtothemiddleclass.Thereisonlyonepath,anditleadstopoverty.Andpovertyisveryexpensive.”
Hassmayoverstatethecaseslightly.Despitethelackofgoodblue-collarjobsinourcountry—jobsthatwouldfirmlyestablishaworkerinwhat’sleftofthemiddleclassandprovidepaidvacation,apension,andhealthinsurance—ahighschoolgraduatemightstillpiecetogetherenoughworktokeephimselfmoreorlessabovethepovertyline,eventhoughaccesstothetrue“AmericanDream”willstillbeverydifficult.
ButthesecondpartofHass’sargumentisundeniable.Ourfailuretoeducateourselvestoourfullpotentialisveryexpensive.HassreferstoresearchfromtheOregonUniversitySystemthatindicatesthatOregonianswithonlyahighschooldegreemakeless
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