被动语态精讲精练课堂.docx
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被动语态精讲精练课堂.docx
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被动语态精讲精练课堂
被动语态精讲精练
一、语法点讲解:
两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态结构:
be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)
主动变被动的3个步骤:
1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;
2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;
3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
Eg.Somepeopleattackedthetowers.
SVO
Thetowerswereattackedbysomepeople.
SV
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时态
被动语态结构
一般现在时
am/is/aredone
一般过去时
was/weredone
现在进行时
am/is/arebeingdone
过去进行时
was/werebeingdone
一般将来时
shall/will/begoingtobedone
过去将来时
Wouldbedone
现在完成时
have/hasbeendone
过去完成时
hadbeendone
现在完成进行时
have/hasbeenbeingdone
情态动词
情态动词+bedone
1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.
-_____________________________________.
2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam.
-_____________________________________.
3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree.
-_____________________________________.
4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday.
-_____________________________________.
5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool.
-_____________________________________.
6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear.
-_____________________________________.
7)Weshouldprotecttheearth.
-_____________________________________.
8)Youneedtopaintthewall.
-_____________________________________.
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(二)几种特殊结构
1.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday.双宾语
--Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.
--Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.
2.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.动词后接宾语再接宾补
--Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar
注意:
see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to;但改成被动语态后必须带to;接doing则保留doing,但不要加to.
Isawhimplayfootball.
--Hewasseentoplayfootballbyme.
Isawhimplayingfootball.
--Hewasseenplayingfootball.
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(三)主动式表被动义
1。
动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…
1.Thebooks____well.
A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsold
2.Thiskindofcloth____easily.
A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed
注意:
如果没接副词则可有被动。
如:
besoldout
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
形容词有:
difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…
1.Thefishisnotfit_toeat_(eat).
2.WefindEnglishishard_tolearn_(learn).
3.Thearticleisdifficulttounderstand_(understand).
3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
1.Ihavealotofhomework___todo___(do).
2.I’llgivehimsomebooks___toread___(read).
4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)
例如:
Thesteelfeelscold.
5表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。
(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)
Theshopopensat6am.everyday.
6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时,用主动式表被动义;当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed
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没有被动语态的动词
1.表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have等没有被动形式.
2.大多数系动词:
be,feel(摸起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来)等词无被动语态,它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
Theskirtfeelsverysoft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。
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典型例句:
Thebikelockseasily.这两自行车容易锁。
TheLenovocomputersinChinasellwell.联想电脑在中国销路很好。
Hisvoicerecordswell。
他的声音录下来很好听。
Nylondriesquickly.尼龙织物干得快。
Thewindowwon'topen.这窗子打不开。
注意:
growRiceisgrowninSouthChina.
Thericegrowsverywell.
sellAllthebooksweresoldoutyesterday.
Thiskindofbookssellswell.
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(七)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
--Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
--Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
注意:
1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。
(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.
(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.
2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:
build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。
(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.
(2)Themeatwascookedforus.
(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.
3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
这类动词有:
不及物动词+介词,如:
agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。
Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.
及物动词+副词:
如:
bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。
Hisrequestwasturneddown.
Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如:
(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.
→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.
注意:
在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
即no要换成notany如:
Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
误:
Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.
正:
Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。
即notany要变成no如:
Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.
误:
Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
正:
Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
7.以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用bywhom放在句首:
Whowrotethestory?
误:
Whowasthestorywritten?
正:
Bywhomwasthestorywritten?
8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:
write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。
如:
(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。
(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。
对比:
Thebookssellwell.(主动句)
Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)
Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)
Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)
9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:
第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:
feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。
第二,谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。
如:
Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.
误:
Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.
第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:
takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。
如:
Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
误:
Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如:
rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.
误:
Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.
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10.在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:
据说……Itissaidthat…
据报导……Itisreportedthat…
据推测……Itissupposedthat…
希望……Itishopedthat…
众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…
普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…
有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…
1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.
2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.
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二、练习巩固:
Exercise:
1.Newspapersaremade__paper.Paperismade__wood.
A.from/ofB.of/fromC.of/inD.in/from
2.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.
A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have
3.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.
A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway
4.Myshoes____.Iwentoutforanewpair.
A.iswornoutB.woreoutC.werewornoffD.werewornout
5.Hiscar___tomorrow.
A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired
6.Whenyourhomework____,wewillgotoplayfootball.
A.isdoneB.aredoneC.haddoneD.willbedone
7.Heaskedme_______.
A.whatthepaperisusedB.whatthepaperwasusedfor
C.whatwasthepapermadeofD.what’sthepaperusedas
8.Threefourthsoftheinformationontheinternet___inEnglish.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
9.Englishiswidelyused.Manybusinesslettersaroundtheworld___init.
A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting
10.Thispairofscissors___inChina.
A.MakeB.madeC.ismadeD.aremade
11.Threequartersofthemessages_____bytelegraph.
A.WassentB.weresentC.SentD.send
12.Inthepast10years,China____upmanyman-madesatellites.
A.hasbeensentB.hassentC.wassentD.sent
13.They___tohelpthefarmerswiththeharvestlastautumn.
A.askedB.askingC.toaskD.wereasked
14.Wearealwayskept____.
A.tosmokingB.onsmokingC.fromsmokingD.offsmoking
15.Nothingcanstopus___English.
A.learnB.learningC.learnedD.learns
16.Mary___somesongsinherroominthemorning.
A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.isheardtosing
17.Mary___anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.
A.washeardtosingB.isheardtosingC.washeardsingingD.isheardsinging
18.Theguidesaidthatthedinosaureggs____about95millionyearsago.
A.layB.werelayC.laidD.werelaid
19.Wefoundtheground____snow.
A.coverwithB.iscoveredwithC.wascoveredwithD.wascoveringwith
20.Theshopassistantshowedahat_____redsilktous.
A.madefromB.madeofC.wasmadeofD.wasmadefrom
21.Wecanfindmanypictures____byXuBeihonginthemuseum.
A.drawingB.drawnC.drewD.todraw
22.Havethesewords_____byusyesterday?
A.beenlearntB.learntC.learnedD.werelearnt
23.Haveyouheardofadinosaur_____feathers?
A.wascoveredbyB.wascoveredwithC.coveredwithD.coveredby
24.About500cars___inthefactorynext
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