高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案50.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案50.docx
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高考英语阅读理解试题附答案50
高考英语阅读理解试题(附答案)50
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
(1)WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?
A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.
B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.
C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.
D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.
(2)Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?
A. Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.
B. Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.
C. Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.
D. Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.
(3)Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?
A. Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.
B. Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.
C. Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.
D. Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.
(4)Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?
A. Howurbantreescanlivelonger. B. Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.
C. Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. D. Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreC02.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
一项新的研究发现:
与长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快,但死得更早。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知,如果没有二氧化碳,地球将会极冷或极热。
可以推断,二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知,研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知,与生长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照,也能得到更多的氮量,还更容易得到水。
光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。
由此可以推断,城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
首句就提到了一项新的研究结果:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳,但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样,这方面的数据不多。
因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”;文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。
由此可以推断,文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctoraway
Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.That'snotthesaying,butdoctorshaveagreed,foraboutageneration,thatanaspirinadayisgoodforyou.Itmayreducetheriskofheartattacksorstrokesby20percentormore.
TheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForce,anindependentgroupconvenedbytheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,haspublishedguidelinesthatitsaysshouldendtheconfusion.
Thekeypoints:
⒈Menshouldstartadailyaspirinatage45,mainlytoprotectagainstheartattacks.
⒉Womenshouldstartat55,mainlytoprotectagainststroke.
⒊Forbothsexes,ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.
⒋Andbothsexesshouldstopbyage80,unlesstheirdoctorssayotherwise.Asyougetolder,there'sagreaterriskofbleedinginthebrainorthedigestivesystem,ariskthatissmallbutcanbedeadlyinsomecases.
Ifpeoplestarttakingaspirinastheguidelines,doctorssaytheirriskofheartattackswilldropbyabout20percent."Peoplemayaskthemselves'AmIatriskforaheartattackorastroke?
'"saidDr.RandalThomas,directorofcardiovas-cularhealthattheMayoClinicinMinnesota"Ifyouareage45andmale,ifyou'reaboveage55andfemale,theanswerismostlikelyyes,andyouwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.
(1)WhatmightDr.TimJohnsonthinkoftakinganaspirinaday?
A. Itisuselessfortheold.
B. Itwillkeepthedoctoraway.
C. Itisbeneficialtohealth.
D. Itwillhaveharmfulsideeffects.
(2)Whatcanwelearnfromtheguidelines?
A. Theaspirinhasthesameeffectonbothmenandwomen.
B. Alargedoseofaspirinwillcausebleedinginthebrain.
C. Peopleshouldstarttakingaspirinatage45.
D. Itwillbeawasteifyoutakemorethan81milligramofaspirinaday.
(3)WhatmightbeDr.RandalThomasattitudetotheguidelines?
A. Critical.
B. Supportive.
C. Cautious.
D. Doubtful.
(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A. Howtokeepthedoctoraway.
B. Howtoreducethehealthyrisk.
C. Whatarebenefitsofaspirin.
D. Whoshouldtakeaspirinandwhen.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍类"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林"。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.“可知阿司匹林对健康是有好处的。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三小点”ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.“可知阿司匹林服入超过81毫克是没有作用的,也就是过多的服用是浪费,故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的”youwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.“每天服用小剂量的阿斯匹林最有可能使你受益。
可推知Dr.RandalThomas指导方针持支持态度。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的”Ifyouareage45andmale,ifyou'reaboveage55andfemale,theanswerismostlikelyyes,andyouwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.“可知,短文介绍服用阿司匹林的指导方针。
45岁的男性和55岁以上的女性,是可以服用阿司匹林的,每天服用小剂量的阿司匹林中受益。
"可知文章主要讲的是"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林。
"故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇医学类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Asocietythatlivesbytheplasticforkmayverywelldiefromit.That'showthingsarelooking.Anyway,foraworldsousedtodisposable(一次性的)habits,anyhopeforasolution(解决方案)alsoincreasinglyseemstobeburied.
Sure,therehavebeensomehopefulideas.BoyanSlat,theDutchinventordevelopedaplanforCoveringtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Notlongafteritstarted,Slat'ssystemexperienced"materialfatigue(疲劳)"-likelytheresultofbeingstrained(使受到压力)byallthattrash-andthetaskwasdelayed.
Allthewhile,theplasticincreases.Itsgrowthisveryfast,accordingtoLindaWang,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatPurdueUniversity.Shesays,"We'llhavemoreplasticthanfishby2050."YetWang,alongwithotherresearchersatPurdue,mayhaveasolutionnotonlytothisplasticproblem,butalsotothegrowingneedforcleanenergy. Herteamhasdevelopedasystemthatturnswaste,adurable,lightweightmaterialthataccountsforaboutaquarterofallplasticwaste,intoahighlypureformofgasoline.
PublishingtheirfindingsinthejournalSustainableChemistryandEngineering,thescientists'statethatinsteadofmakingplasticgoaway,theycanbreakitdownandreuseit,usingchemistrytodestroywhatchemistrybroughttotheworldwhenplasticwasdevelopedbackin1907.
Theprocessuses"supercritical"water-heatedtoaround450degreesCelsius(842degreesFahrenheit),beyondthekeypointatwhichdistinctliquidandvaporphases(气液态)exist-toboilplasticwasteintoanoil,theresearchersexplain.Ittakesacoupleofhoursforthesupercriticalwatertocompletethetransformation,buttheresultisakindofoilthatcanbeusedasgasolineorfuel.Itcanalsobeturnedintootherproducts.
Theresearchershaveonlymadethetransformationinalaboratorysettingsofar,buttheysuggestturningtheprocesstoacommercialscale(规模)maynotbefaroff.Andconsideringthe300milliontonsofplasticintotheenvironmenteveryyear,thatdaycan'tcomesoonenough.Butitwillcomeintime.
(1)Whyistheplasticforkmentionedinparagraph1?
A. Toindicatethehopelessfutureofhumanlife.
B. Tofigureoutthesolutiontoreducingplastics.
C. Toshowtheseriousnessoftheplasticproblem.
D. Totellpeopletogiveupanunhealthylifestyle.
(2)WhatcanweknowaboutSlat'ssystem?
A. ItprovesharmfultothePacific. B. Ithasbeenabandonedcompletely.
C. Ithasreceivedmanypeo
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