北京大学考博英语模拟题15.docx
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北京大学考博英语模拟题15.docx
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北京大学考博英语模拟题15
北京大学考博英语模拟题15
PartⅠVocabulary
1.Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.
A.spreading
B.contemptible
C.contented'
D.depressing
答案:
A
2.Don'trestonyourlaurels;______yoursuccessandstartlookingfornewmarketsnow.
A.addup
B.followup
C.workup
D.countup
答案:
B
3.______adecliningbirthrate,therewillbeanover-supplyof27,000primaryschoolplacesby2010,______leaving35schoolsidle.
A.Coupledwith,equalsto
B.Couplingwith,equivalentto
C.Coupledwith,equivalentto
D.Couplingwith,equalsto
答案:
C
coupledwith与……联系在一起。
equivalentto形容词短语在句中做伴随状语。
4.IntheageofGoogle,ourmindsareadapting______weareexpertsatknowingwheretofindinformationeventhoughwedon'trecallwhatitis.
A.somuch
B.sothat
C.suchthat
D.sowhat
答案:
B
[解答]B选项:
sothat的意思为“结果,以致”,如:
Theyarespeciallypackagedsothattheystackeasily.(它们经过特别包装,以便于堆放。
)句意:
我们的头脑正在适应谷歌时代,即使我们忘记了某一信息,我们也善于从网络中找出这一信息。
故选B。
其他三项分别意为:
somuch这么多,非常;suchthat如此……以致;sowhat那又如何。
5.Thebeautyofthereflectedimagesinthelimpidpoolwasthepoignantbeautyofthingsthatare______,existonlyuntilthesunset.
A.equitable
B.ephemeral
C.euphonious
D.evasive
答案:
B
6.Thestudyshowsthatlayingtoomuchemphasisonexamsislikelyto______students'enthusiasminlearningEnglish.
A.holdback
B.holdoff
C.holddown
D.holdover
答案:
A
7.Inthenorthofthecountry,thesunalwaysshines______thevastprairielandinsummer.
A.brightlyon
B.brighton
C.brightin
D.brightlyin
答案:
A
shineontheprairie的意思是“照在草原上”。
副词brightly在此处修饰动词shine。
8.Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescarilyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.
A.aheadof
B.backof
C.independentof
D.abreastof
答案:
A
[解答]aheadof意为“先于,超过”,backof意为“在……后面”,independentof意为“不依赖于”,abreastof意为“并驾齐驱”。
根据题意不难看出是股价的上涨超过预期。
故正确答案为A。
9.Thenuclearfamily______aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.
A.refersto
B.defines
C.describes
D.devotesto
答案:
A
referto提到,说到,涉及到;define解释,阐明,给……下定义(通常用于definesth.as结构中);describe描写,形容;devoteto把……献给,贡献于。
10.Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.
A.abideby
B.accountfor
C.acton
D.adjustto
答案:
B
[解答]abideby“坚持,遵守”;accountfor“解决”;acton“按照……行动,作用于”;adjustto“适应于,调节”。
根据句意可知,答案是B。
11.BritishhopesofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered______yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringthepreliminaryheats.
A.asharpset-back
B.severeset-back
C.asevereblown-up
D.sharpblown-up
答案:
A
12.Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation______thequalityofinterpersonalrelationship.
A.ascends
B.compels
C.enhances
D.prefers
答案:
C
enhance提高,增强;ascend上升,升高;compel强迫,迫使;prefer更喜欢,宁愿。
13.Apparentlytherewere______betweenpolicereportstakenfromthesamewitnessesatdifferenttimes.
A.distortions
B.discrepancies
C.disorders
D.distractions
答案:
B
distortions扭曲,变形;discrepancies相差,差异;disorders混乱,无秩序状态;distractions分心,分心的事物。
根据句子大意,应该选discrepancies。
14.Shallwerequestthatthemanager______oursuggestionagain?
A.consider
B.considers
C.considered
D.mustconsider
答案:
A
consider前省略了should.
15.Can'tyouspeakmore______toyourparents?
A.respectably
B.respectingly
C.respectively
D.respectfully
答案:
D
[解答]respectably意为“体面的”;respectingly意为“关系,说到”;respectively意为“分别的”;respectfully意为“尊敬地”。
本句话意思是:
难道你对父母说话时不能再尊敬些吗?
16.Itwasclearthatthestorm______hisarrivalbytwohours.
A.retarded
B.retired
C.refrained
D.retreated
答案:
A
retard延迟,retire退休、退却,refrain节制、避免,retreat撤退,退却。
17.However,attimesthisbalanceinnatureis______,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.
A.troubled
B.disturbed
C.confused
D.puzzled
答案:
B
[解答]A项troubled意为“麻烦,困扰,打扰”;B项disturbed意为“打扰,打乱,打破”;C项confused意为“困惑,迷惑不解”;D项puzzled意为“迷惑,窘困”。
根据句子主语部分thisbalanceinnature(大自然的这种平衡)提示,应选B项。
18.Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces______
A.actedonthem
B.beingactedonit
C.actingonthem
D.havingactedonit
答案:
C
[解答]动词ing形式做定语,force与them的关系是主动关系,即要用动词ing形式,且是主动结构,故正确答案为C。
19.Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)______inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants'livelihood.
A.exaltation
B.coherence
C.agony
D.behavior
答案:
B
coherence“一致”符合题意。
其他三项:
exaltation提升,提高;agony苦恼:
behavior举止,行为。
20.Thenuclearfamily______aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.
A.refersto
B.defines
C.describes
D.devotesto
答案:
A
referto提到,说到,涉及到;define解释,阐明,给……下定义(通常用于definesth.as结构中);describe描写,形容;devoteto把……献给,贡献于。
PartⅡReadingComprehension
MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodernhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid,yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.
Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn'tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottoheascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.
Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfasterthanknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant:
notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivated,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo:
theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignorance...isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge."
Thisperspectiveonscience—thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers—shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles—andwhodoesn'tlikepuzzles?
Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.
LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia—thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.1.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostscholarsagreetoaboutNewtonandscience?
A.Newtonwastheonlypersonwhoknewallthescienceinthe1600s.
B.Newton'slawsofforceandgravitydominatedsciencefor350years.
C.SinceNewton'stime,sciencehasdevelopedintoamountainoffacts.
D.AhighschoolstudentprobablyknowsmoresciencethanNewtondid.
答案:
D
[解答]细节题。
根据第一段第一句话和第三句话MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime….ThemodernhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid可知,当艾萨克·牛顿在17世纪末系统陈述力和万有引力定律以及发明微积分学时,他可能已知晓那个年代的所有科学知识……可能现代高中生拥有的科学知识都比牛顿要多。
A选项“牛顿是17世纪唯一知晓所有科学的人”不准确。
B和C选项属无中生有。
所以正确答案是D选项。
2.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?
A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.
B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.
C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.
D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.
答案:
A
[解答]细节题。
根据第二段中Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist可知,懂得多才能当科学家,所以科学家是知识的大师。
根据第三段中的Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant可知,科学知识的一个重要结果就是产生新的、更好的变得无知的方式。
B选项中的主语应为科学知识,“知识”不准确。
因此正确答案是A选项。
3.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?
A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.
B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.
C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.
D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.
答案:
B
[解答]推理题。
根据第四段最后一句话Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings可知,作者认为人们能更容易了解问题,而问题往往也比答案更有趣。
答案往往是过程的终结,而问题则让你处在事情的团团围绕之中。
由此可知,问题让人们更容易了解科学。
所以正确答案是B选项。
4.Theexpression"takeabackseat"(line1,paragraph5)probablymeans
A.takeabackplace
B.haveadifferentro
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