1、北京大学考博英语模拟题15北京大学考博英语模拟题15Part Vocabulary1. The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.A.spreadingB.contemptibleC.contentedD.depressing答案：A2. Dont rest on your laurels; _ your success and start looking for new markets now.A.add upB.follow upC.work upD.coun
2、t up答案：B3. _ a declining birth rate, there will be an over-supply of 27, 000 primary school places by 2010, _ leaving 35 schools idle.A.Coupled with, equals toB.Coupling with, equivalent toC.Coupled with, equivalent toD.Coupling with, equals to答案：Ccoupled with与联系在一起。equivalent to形容词短语在句中做伴随状语。4. In
3、the age of Google, our minds are adapting _ we are experts at knowing where to find information even though we dont recall what it is.A.so muchB.so thatC.such thatD.so what答案：B解答 B选项：so that的意思为“结果，以致”，如：They are specially packaged so that they stack easily(它们经过特别包装，以便于堆放。)句意：我们的头脑正在适应谷歌时代，即使我们忘记了某一
4、信息，我们也善于从网络中找出这一信息。故选B。 其他三项分别意为：so much这么多，非常；such that如此以致；so what那又如何。 5. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are _, exist only until the sunset.A.equitableB.ephemeralC.euphoniousD.evasive答案：B6. The study shows that laying too much emphasis
5、 on exams is likely to _ students enthusiasm in learning English.A.hold backB.hold offC.hold downD.hold over答案：A7. In the north of the country, the sun always shines _ the vast prairie land in summer.A.brightly onB.bright onC.bright inD.brightly in答案：Ashine on the prairie的意思是“照在草原上”。副词brightly在此处修饰动
6、词 shine。8. Some economists fret that share prices are moving far_companies earnings, to a degree scarily reminiscent of Japan in the late 1980s just before its crash.A.ahead ofB.back ofC.independent ofD.abreast of答案：A解答 ahead of意为“先于，超过”，back of意为“在后面”，independent of意为 “不依赖于”，abreast of意为“并驾齐驱”。根据题意
7、不难看出是股价的上涨超过预期。故正 确答案为A。9. The nuclear family _ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A.refers toB.definesC.describesD.devotes to答案：Arefer to提到，说到，涉及到；define解释，阐明，给下定义(通常用于 define sthas结构中)；describe描写，形容；devote to把献给，贡献于。10. There is a conspicuous lack of pub
8、lic debate about how this insular country should_the reality that more immigrants are coming and that those already here are changing Japan.A.abide byB.account forC.act onD.adjust to答案：B解答 abide by“坚持，遵守”；account for“解决”；act on“按照行动，作用于”； adjust to“适应于，调节”。根据句意可知，答案是B。11. British hopes of a gold med
9、al in the Olympic Games suffered _ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A.a sharp set-backB.severe set-backC.a severe blown-upD.sharp blown-up答案：A12. In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation _ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A.
10、ascendsB.compelsC.enhancesD.prefers答案：Cenhance提高，增强；ascend上升，升高；compel强迫，迫使；prefer更喜欢，宁愿。13. Apparently there were _ between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A.distortionsB.discrepanciesC.disordersD.distractions答案：Bdistortions扭曲，变形；discrepancies相差，差异；disorders混乱，无秩序状态；
11、distractions分心，分心的事物。根据句子大意，应该选discrepancies。14. Shall we request that the manager _ our suggestion again?A.considerB.considersC.consideredD.must consider答案：Aconsider前省略了should15. Cant you speak more _ to your parents?A.respectablyB.respectinglyC.respectivelyD.respectfully答案：D解答 respectably意为“体面的”；r
12、espectingly意为“关系，说到”；respectively意为“分别的”；respectfully意为“尊敬地”。本句话意思是：难道你对父母说话时不能再尊敬些吗?16. It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.A.retardedB.retiredC.refrainedD.retreated答案：Aretard延迟，retire退休、退却，refrain节制、避免，retreat撤退，退却。17. However, at times this balance in nature is _, resulting in
13、a number of possibly unforeseen effects.A.troubledB.disturbedC.confusedD.puzzled答案：B解答 A项troubled意为“麻烦，困扰，打扰”；B项disturbed意为“打扰，打乱，打破”；C项confused意为“困惑，迷惑不解”；D项puzzled意为“迷惑，窘困”。根据句子主语部分this balance in nature(大自然的这种平衡)提示，应选B项。18. Kepler reconciled astronomy with physics, and substituted for fictitious
14、clockwork a universe of material bodies not unlike the earth, freely floating and turning in space, moved by forces_A.acted on themB.being acted on itC.acting on themD.having acted on it答案：C解答 动词ing形式做定语，force与them的关系是主动关系，即要用动词ing形式， 且是主动结构，故正确答案为C。19. The governments policies in the past five year
15、s have shown a (n) _ in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants livelihood.A.exaltationB.coherenceC.agonyD.behavior答案：B coherence“一致”符合题意。其他三项：exaltation提升，提高；agony苦恼：behavior举止，行为。 20. The nuclear family _ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A.
16、refers toB.definesC.describesD.devotes to答案：Arefer to提到，说到，涉及到；define解释，阐明，给下定义(通常用于 define sthas结构中)；describe描写，形容；devote to把献给，贡献于。Part Reading Comprehension Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probabl
17、y knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, y
18、et science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts. One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldnt come as a surprise. Sure, yo
19、u have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions. By this calculus, ignorance will a
20、lways grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we dont know. More important, every day there is far more we know we dont know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ig
21、norant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings.
22、 As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, Thoroughly conscious ignorance.is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. This perspective on sciencethat it is about the questions more than the answers should come as something of a relief. It makes s
23、cience less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles and who doesnt like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas question
24、s have you in the thick of things. Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of sciencethat it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not
25、 only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipediathen we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.1.
26、 Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science? A.Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600s.B.Newtons laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years.C.Since Newtons time, science has developed into a mountain of facts.D.A high school s
27、tudent probably knows more science than Newton did.答案：D解答 细节题。根据第一段第一句话和第三句话Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton，while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s，probably knew all the science there was to know at the timeThe modern high school student pro
28、bably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did可知，当艾萨克牛顿在17世纪末系统陈述力和万有引力定律以及发明微积分学时，他可能已知晓那个年代的所有科学知识可能现代高中生拥有的科学知识都比牛顿要多。A选项“牛顿是17世纪唯一知晓所有科学的人”不准确。B和C选项属无中生有。所以正确答案是D选项。2. Which of the following is best supported in this passage?A.A scientist is a master of knowledge.B.Knowledge gener
29、ates better ignorance.C.Ignorance is a sign of lack of education.D.Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant.答案：A解答 细节题。根据第二段中Sure，you have to know a lot to be a scientist可知，懂得多才能当科学家，所以科学家是知识的大师。根据第三段中的One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant可知，
30、科学知识的一个重要结果就是产生新的、更好的变得无知的方式。B选项中的主语应为科学知识，“知识”不准确。因此正确答案是A选项。3. Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?A.Because people like solving puzzles.B.Because questions make science accessible.C.Because there are more questions than answers.D.Because questions point th
31、e way to deep answers.答案：B解答 推理题。根据第四段最后一句话Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers；answers tend to be the end of the process，whereas questions have you in the thick of things可知，作者认为人们能更容易了解问题，而问题往往也比答案更有趣。答案往往是过程的终结，而问题则让你处在事情的团团围绕之中。由此可知，问题让人们更容易了解科学。所以正确答案是B选项。4. The expression take a backseat (line 1, paragraph 5) probably meansA.take a back placeB.have a different ro
