铁岭市高考英语 阅读理解短文填单词类训练题13.docx
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铁岭市高考英语 阅读理解短文填单词类训练题13.docx
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铁岭市高考英语阅读理解短文填单词类训练题13
辽宁铁岭市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题(13)及答案
专题--------猜词悟义
一、题型特点与解题技巧
在英语阅读中,利用上下文或句子结构猜测词义是学生必备的阅读能力之一。
培养猜测词义的能力,不仅有助于提高阅读速度,扩大词汇量,还能增强学习英语的信心。
一、巧借生词本身
在英语文章中,一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解,对它们可就词论词,不必猜测词义。
例如.
1.Thelargestspiderintheworldisthegoliathtarantula.
2.Heldonafarm,theGlastonburyfestivalisthemostwell-knownandpopularintheU.K.
二、巧用上下文信息
在阅读中,可根据上下文的语境暗示,运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。
例如:
1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveupeasily.
2.Thefemalemosquitoisavampireandlivesonblood.
三、利用同义词或近义词
为使自己的意思表达得更清楚,作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。
例如:
1.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.
2.Allthemembersareofthesameopinions.Theyareunanimous.
四、运用定义或释义
阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。
为帮助读者理解,作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。
对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首,也是主题句。
有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。
因而,借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。
例如:
1.Theenemysoldierssurrendered,thatis,threwtheirweaponsandwalkedoutwiththeirhandsabovetheirheads.
2.Thewordecologymeansthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.
用来表示定义或释义的提示语有:
mean,referto,bedefinedas,bedescribedas,beknownas,becalled,betermed,thatis,or,inotherwords等。
五、巧用构词法
阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义。
通过分析词缀及词根,不仅可猜测单词含义,还有利于扩大词汇量。
例如:
1.Theyoverestimatetheinterviewer’sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.
2.Takeoutallremovablepartsandwashthemwithwarmwater.
掌握一些常见词缀及含义。
如:
形容词后缀有-ful,-less,-y,-ing,-able等;
名词后缀有-or,-er,-tion,-ist,-th,-ment,-age,-ness等;构成反义词的前缀有un-,dis-.in-,im-,ir-,non-等。
有特定意义的词缀有re-(重新,再),co-(合作的),anti-(反对的),over-(过高的),micro-(微型的),fore-(超前的),inter-(国际的,相互的),pre-(先前的,提前的),super-(超级的),tele-(远)等。
六、巧借标点符号
有时为了让读者更清楚文中某个词或短语的含义,作者经常借助标点符号(如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等)直接为生词提供定义或解释。
例如:
1.InRussiaifwegiveflowersasapresent,wehavetogiveanoddnumberofthem(one,three,five,etc)becauseevennumberofflowers(two,four,six,etc)areforfunerals.
2.Oneofthetouristshasjustbeenbluejacked—secretlysentatestmessageusingshort-rangewirelesstechnologycalledbluetooth.
七、妙用对比词
在文章中,作者有时会运用一些相互对应、互为反义的词语,使不同事物的特点更为突出。
我们可以通过上下文的逻辑关系,透过两种事物或现象的对比描述,从其中一个熟悉的词反推出生词词义。
例如:
1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.
2.Hervoicewasusuallysoftandsweet,butnowitishoarse.
表示对比、转折的标志词通常有yet,but,however,otherwise,despite,eventhough,unlike,instead,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary等。
八、找准信息词
通常情况下,某些单词或短语所引出的内容可起到解释说明的作用,能帮助我们理解生词的含义。
这样的信号词有:
forexample,forinstance,suchas,namely,and,like(像),especially,include,consistof等。
1.ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots,Mrs.White,forexample,speaksfivelanguages.
2.But,ontheotherhand,wehavesuchcompoundwordsashandshakeandhandbag.
九、巧借经验和常识
在阅读理解中结合自己的经验和社会常识,往往也能有效地推断出生词的含义。
如:
1.Whenyouhavetanksofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.
2.Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemalargequantityofdowry.
根据生活经验猜测词义时,要注意观察同一生词是否在文章中其他地方出现,把两处的语境进行比较,更容易准确地猜出词义。
十、巧用因果关系
不同的原因导致不同的结果;反之,由结果也能够分析出原因。
我们可以巧用因果关系来推测词义。
例如:
1.SinceIcouldnotaffordtobuytheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.
2.Hewassoinfuriatedthathetorethelettersintopieces.
表示因果关系的标志词有because,so,thus,dueto,resultin/from,asaresult(of)等。
十一、活用语法知识
有些语法知识如定语从句和同位语等进一步说明的作用,可以帮助推断词义。
例如:
1.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoamusedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.
2.Doyouhaveanyproofthatheisathief?
十二、注意指示代词和人称代词等
Therearepressingcallsontheresourcesofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayer’smoneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.(2010北京)
一般说来it,they,this等指代的都是上文提到的人或事,但一定按句意判断是上文哪个词。
总之,我们要坚持“词不离句,句不离文”的原则,在上下文的紧密联系中猜测词义。
此外,还要训练带着问题,按意群、句子去阅读,不要把注意力集中在某个单词或短语上,这样既能加快阅读速度,又能把注意力集中在内容的理解上,从而养成良好的阅读习惯。
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阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填一个单词。
(1)
Anapprenticeshipisaformofon-the-jobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning.Itcanlastanywherefromonetosixyears,butfouryearsistypicalformost.Anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman--someonewhohasdonethejobformanyyears.Therestoftheapprentice'stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires.Beinganapprenticeisafull-timeundertaking.
Oneoftheadvantagesofapprenticeshipisthatitdoesnotcostapprenticesanything.Thecompaniesthathirethempayforschool.What'smore,itoffersapprenticesan"earnwhileyoulearn"opportunity.Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.Apprenticeshipalsopaysoffforemployers.Itcanofferemployersapoolofwell-trainedworkerstodrawfrom.
Despitetheadvantages,apprenticesareusuallyrequiredtoworkduringthedayandattendclassesatnight,whichleaveslittletimeforanythingelse.Sometimes,theymightbelaidoff(下岗)ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow.
Oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen,theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain.Somejourneymencontinueemploymentwiththecompaniestheyapprenticedwith;othersgoontodifferentcompaniesorbecomeself-employedcontractors.
Title:
(1)______
Definition
on-the-jobtrainingcombiningworkplaceexperienceandclassroom
(2)_________
the(3)________ofthetimeinaworkplace:
learningthepracticalskills
therestofthetimeinaclassroom:
learningthe(4)_______skills.
Advantages
costingapprenticesnothingofferingapprenticesmoney-makingopportunities
halfthepayofajourneymanatthe(5)________
graduallyincreasingpayintheprocess
90%ofa(6)_________wagesneartheendofferingemployersmany(7)_________workers
Disadvantages
littletimeforanythingelse
thepossibilityofbeing(8)_______off
(9)_______
aformalcertification
another(10)__________increase
freechoicesofjobs
参考答案
(1)1.Apprenticeship2.learning3.majority4.theoretical
5.beginning6.journeyman’s7.well-trained
8.laid9.Results10.pay
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任务型阅读
阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
BarackObamaispreparedtobecomepresident,supportedbyenormouspublicgoodwill.TheBushera,withallitsdisastersandblunders,isover.ObamahasarrivedinWashington,DC,andisreadytosweartheoath(誓词)ofofficeonLincoln'sownBibleatnoononTuesdayJanuary20th.ThenAmericanswillstarttoseewhatkindofapresidenttheyhavechosenasthe44thoccupantoftheoffice.
Toasurprisingdegreetheyliketogivehimthebenefitofanypossibledoubt.MrObama'spollingnumbershavereachedsky-highlevels.______________,80%ofpeoplenowhaveapositiveimpressionofMrObama,afigurethathasbeensteadilyincreasingsincehiselectioninNovember.Itisthehighestfigurerecordedforanincomingpresidentfor30years,accordingtoanotherpoll.ItcompareswellevenwithGeorgeBush's90%patriotism-fuelledratinginthewakeoftheSeptember11thattacks.
MrObama'ssupportingrateseemsthemoreremarkablegiventhelargeproportionofpeoplewhosaythattheydonotexpecttoseequickresults.Fullytwo-thirdsofthemdonotexpecttoseegreatimprovementsintheeconomyoverthenexttwoyears,andmorethanhalfdoubttherewillbemanychangesonhealth-carereform,oranendtothewarinIraq,inthattime.YetthesewereMrObama'sthreemaincampaignpromises.Ontheotherhand,61%ofthemexpectthecountrytobeinbettershapeinfiveyears'time,whichmeansafairlylonghoneymoonperiod.
76.Whatisthepossibletitleofthisarticle?
(within10words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
77.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?
Surprisingly,AmericansseemwillingtosupportObama.
_________________________________________________________________________________
78.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.(Pleasesanswerwithin5words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
79.WhatdidMr.ObamapromisetodoafterhebecamepresidentoftheUS?
.(Pleasesanswerwithin15words)
________________________
______________________
___________________________
80.PleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
76.ObamaissupportedbyAmericans/Obamaissupportedbypublicgoodwill/Obamaenjoyshighsupportingrate
77.Toasurprisingdegreetheyliketogivehimthebenefitofanypossibledoubt.
78.Accordingtoanewssurvey/Basedonapoll/Fromaquestionnaire
79.improvetheeconomy
reformhealth-care
endthewarinIrqa
80.奥巴马已经来到华盛顿,并且准备在1月20日星期二中午用林肯使用过的圣经宣誓就职。
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第二节根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
A:
Excuseme.Mr.Green.ButI'dliketotakeafewdaysoff.
B:
61
A:
Mymotherisill.Ihavetotakecareofher.
B:
Oh,dear.I'msorrytohearthat.62
A:
No,thanks.Mymotherhascaughtabadcold.Shehasahighfeverandcoughsdayandnight.Thedoctorsaysmymotherhastobeinhosp
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