新GRE写作高分攻略之开头中间结尾.docx
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新GRE写作高分攻略之开头中间结尾.docx
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新GRE写作高分攻略之开头中间结尾
GRE写作课件之写作结构
1.分析题目:
statement----hiddeninformation(分析题目)
Q:
keywords---brainstorm
Critical(分析需要批判)
INTRODUCTION的写法·
1.Hook/Background(attractive)
HOOK的例子:
1.Quotation:
TherenownedphysicistElbertEinsteinoncesaid:
“imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”Inregardstomypersonalunderstanding,itmanifeststhatimaginationsymbolizesfutureinnovation,andtheknowledgemerelyrepresentspresenthistoryandinformation.
2.Riseupaquestion:
rhetorical(设问句)
模拟题:
Aregruelingchallengesandfailuresourbestmentors?
/
回答:
Overyears,awardwinningnovelssuchasHajin’sWaitingandAliceWalker’sColorPurplehaveinfluencedhundredsofthousandsofreaders;someofthemmaysaythatWaiting,theNationalBookPrizewinnerteachesthemnottotakeanyrelationshipforgranted,andtheyshouldshowgratitudetofamilymembersandspouses;Others,believethatThecolorPurplevividlyand“brutally”depictedthegruesomeanddarklivingconditionoftheblacksinearly20thcentury.Basedonallthepreciousandwonderfulmessagesandinformationonecanacquirefromwiderangesofnovels,oneheatedquestionhasbeenseriouslyraisedup:
“canfictionalcharactersfromFantasiesandScienceFictionsteachreadersprofoundandvaluablelessonsandenlighten,aswellastackletheirproblemsindailylives?
“(设问句)
另一个例子:
Isitalwaysbesttodetermineone'sownviewsofrightandwrong,orcanwebenefitfromfollowingthecrowd?
3.Define:
(定义法)
目的是为了让题目中的抽象关键词在开头段就被解释,
从而缩小文章的范畴,不写出简陋,主题巨大,没有细节和
千百万同学已经写过的作文。
常容易在GRE作文中出现需要被定义的单词
Success
Goal
Decision
Policy
Law
Equality
HUMANKIND
4.Neverberedundant(写开头段HOOK及任意段落不应该使用过多的相同词汇和短语;关键词除外)
5.Everyabstracttermorsentenceshouldalwaysbeexplained/illustrated
无论是首段HOOK还是任意其他的段落,当出现任何抽象词时,需要用具象的句子和词汇去解释,不然是对你作文SPACE的浪费。
6.HISTORY(使用历史类的HOOK开头)
比如Inancienttimes。
。
。
例子:
Intoday’sfast-pacedworldwithfiercecompetitionanddramaticchange,thedefinitionoftheveryterm“success”isexponentiallychangedaswell;inthepast,manybelievedthatoneofSuccess’smostimportantcompanionswasperfectionism.Inotherwords,thereisonlyonestraightlinebetweensuccessandfailurewithoutanybalanceandcombination.Today,however,thedefinitionhasbeenmorepositivelyturnedinto:
”authenticsuccessheavilyreliesonthecomplexityofeachindividual’sdiversegoalsandbackgrounds;mostimportantly,successislessdisconnectedtoperfectionism,butmoreattachedtooptimism.”
另一个例子
Sinceancienttimes,theconflictbetweenthepublicandindividualnationalleadershasrarelystopped.Oneofthemajorcausesoftheseconflictshasbeen,andstillis,attributedtopolicymaking.Shouldpoliticalleadersallowthepublic’svoicetotakethemajorpartofdeterminingthelaunchofanewlawandtheformationofadecisivepolicy?
Orshouldtheypersonallybe100%committedtotheirownprinciplesandruleswithdetermination,withoutbeingaffectedbythemajority?
Withsomanyexamplesthatcanbefoundfromhistory,itcanclearlybeseenthatbothsidesofthestatement’sargumentfailstosurviveindependently,duetoeachside’sinherentlyquixoticstateandutopianfeatures;onlywhentheyaremarriedharmoniouslycananationprogressbothstablyandsustainably.
7.Statistic/data
在第一段及任何其他段落中,如果可以使用任何类型的数据和分析调查,会让考官认为学生拥有分析批判思维能力,作文也会更加的学术化。
8.Summary,
如果学生在阅读纽约时代等杂志报纸过程中,遇到了如丑闻(lanceArmstrong)等好的信息,一定要有专门的笔记本记录。
遇到与此类信息相符的题目,可以将信息概括的写在第一段作为HOOK。
9.使用暗喻和明喻(metaphorandsimile)
暗喻:
Chinesestudentsarecagedlions.
However,…isametaphoricallyDouble-edgedsword.
明喻:
Sheworksashardasadog
纽约时代第一征文奖用暗喻的例子:
)(非常精彩)
题目:
BULLY
Teenagegirlsarecruelsuper-humansfromadistantgalaxysentheretodestroyusall.TheyhavetheselfentitlementofacelebrityheiressandtheaggressionofaRomanGladiator.Likevampirestheyfeedoffthebloodoftheweak.They’repubescentmonsters.Adolescentboogeymen.
Whilemyobservationsmaybecomingfromapointofbias,thatdoesn’tmeantheyarefaultyinaccuracy.Asateenagegirlmyself,IthinkIknowteenagegirlsquitewell.NotonlywasIaformerteenagemeangirl,butIwastortured,tormented,isolatedandsociallymaimedbythemaswell.
Whentheyacquireatarget,teenagegirls,withthedeterminationofaprivateassassin,willstopatnothingtotakedowntheirtarget.They’rerelentless.They’recruel.Theirmethodsareinsane.Theyarenevertobeunderestimated.
Inmiddleschool,Imadethemistakeofunderestimatingthepoweroftheseskinnyjeancladmonsters.IthoughtIwassafe,Ithoughtmyselfimpervioustotheircruelty.Iwatchedthemdoontoothersastheywouldlaterdoontome,andfeltnofear.
Iwasafoolhowever,forteenagegirlspicktheirtargetsbyfamiliarity.Theyarelesslikelytotormentsomeonesmallandinsignificantandmorelikelytoviciouslyturnontheirfriends.Preferablytheweakestlinkintheirgroup,preywhoiseasyforthemtocatchandtakedown.
Iwastheweakestlink.Iwasthewoundedgazelle.Andthus,Ibecametheirtarget.
Itwaseeriebecause,whenmyeventualdemisebegan,Ihadnoideawhatwasgoingon.Yesitwasslightlyfishythattheyhadstoppedcallingme,stoppedsayinghitomeinthehallway,butIassumeditwasjustnothing.
Again,Iwaswrong.
Oncetheperiodofsilencecametoaclose,allhellbrokeloose.Viciousrumorsbeganspreadingaroundanddirtylooksandfoulwordswerethrownmywayinthehall.Iwasforcedoffthelunchtableandintosocialleprosy.
Exactlyaweekafterphasetwo(socialalienation)hadbeganIreceivedanemailfromtheringleaderofthegroup.Iopenedituptorevealaheadlinethatbluntlystated,“FiftyReasonWhyWeCan’tBeFriendsWithYou.”Underneaththeheadline,aspromised,wereneatlyfiftyreasons,rangingfrommybodytomypersonalitytomyclothes,thatclearlystatedthereasonformyalienation.
Ifeltsick.
ButIwasn’tgoingtoletthemgetme.Thosehyenasdidn’tdeservemytears.Ideletedthenote,pickedupthepiecesandmovedon.Ifoundfriendswhowerekindandaccepting.Friendswhowouldn’tdevourtheirown.
Myexperience,whileevidentlynotideal,issomethingIwouldnotchange.Idon’tseeitasastainuponthefabricofmylife,butmorelikeanembellishment.AdecorativebroochIwearwithpride,abroochthatcries,Iovercamebullying,socanyou.
2.HOOK写完以后需要Restatethequestion
3.Thesis/position(中心论点)
1.Overbroaden/restrict限制中心论点的广度和狭隘度)
2.Goextreme(不要极端化)
3.Onedirection(中心论点在多数情况下需要有一个立场)
4.中心论点可以有一边倒,让步,中立和自然写法4种
一边倒:
(one-sided)
例题:
Dosuccessandhappinessdependonthechoicespeoplemakeratherthanonfactorsbeyondtheircontrol?
Inthisessay,Iwillstronglyadvocatethat/assertthatpeople’scapabilityofmakingpragmaticandrationaldecisionsplaysthekeytoone’sauthenticsuccessandjoy.
中立式的论点可以有多种写法
1.A和B都不能单独生存,A+B才能获得利益最大化
例子:
Istronglydisagreewiththetopic’s“eitheror”andovergeneralizedstatement;instead,one’sdestinyisoftenstronglyaffectedbybothoftheirenvironment(circumstance)andthedecisiontheymake(choice)
模板句精选:
AandBarenotmutuallyexclusive
Theyareintenselyintertwined/interwoven/integrated/”glued”/infused/collaborated/Married
2.中立第二种:
A和B需要在不同情况下被不同分析:
模板句精选:
Differentanalysisshouldbeconductedbasedondifferentcircumstances
Differentsituationsshouldbebasedonacasebycaseanalysis.
BODY(主体段)
1.结构
1.Supportingsentence(short/direct/abstract)
2.Explain/analyses/clarify
3.Details/summarize
4.Explain/it/uniqueperspective
2.例子来源:
最好不要用:
Personalexample/subjectivity
需要:
Journal
Historicalfigure
Historicalevent
Nonfiction/fiction
例子:
ThegreatGatsby
1984
Animalfarm
Theroad(非常好的一本书,电影推荐,名字叫做末日危途)
5.miniconclusion
精选模板:
fromtheexamplesabove,itisclearlynotified/displayed/shownthat…
AandB
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- 关 键 词:
- GRE 写作 高分 攻略 开头 中间 结尾