中考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练介词.docx
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中考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练介词.docx
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中考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练介词
2019中考英语语法精讲精练介词
一、提分关键
1.时间介词
(1)in,after
in+时间段,用于将来时,表示从现在算起“过……后”。
Hewillcomebackinanhour.
after+时间段,=段时间+later,用于过去时,表示“在……以后”。
Afteranhour,hecameback.=Anhourlater,hecameback.
after+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以后”。
Hewillcomebackafter5o'clock.Istayedathomeafterlunchtoday.
(2)before
before+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以前”。
HewillcometovisitusagainbeforeMay.Wesetoffbeforedaybreak.
时间段+ago,表示从现在算起“在……以前”。
IbegantolearnEnglish8yearsago.
(3)in,on,at
in+一段时间,主要表达周、月、季节、年代;泛指上午、下午、晚上。
on主要表示具体的某一天,也可表示某一天的某个时候。
at+具体钟点,表示某一时刻。
注意以下固定搭配:
atlunch/supper/breakfast;atnight;atmidnight;atnoon;atpresent;atthattime;atthemoment;atlast;atthesametime;attimes;attheendof;intheend;atthebeginningof;inthebeginning;attheageof;onthemorningofApril2nd;onawinterafternoon;onarainymorning;onacoldnight;onNewYear'seve等。
(4)for,since表时间的区别
for+一段时间
since+起点时间/句子
TheboyhasbeeninChinaforaweek.
=TheboyhasbeeninChinasinceaweekago.
=TheboyhasbeenheresincehecametoChinalastweek.
2.地点和方位介词
(1)above,over,on在……上面under,below在……下面
above在……上方(与物体表面不接触)over在……正上方(与物体表面不接触)
on在……上面(与物体表面接触)under在……下方(与物体表面不接触)
below在……下方(一般表示抽象概念)
(2)through,across,past穿过
through纵穿(从空间内穿过)。
throughthedoor/window/forest等
across横穿(从表面过,往往是横过)。
acrossthestreet/road/river/bridge等
past经过。
WhenIwaswalkingpastthehospital,Isawawomancryingloudly.
(3)among,between
among在(三者或三者以上)之间;between在(两者)之间。
常用词组:
between...and...
(4)in,on,to
in表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示范围外,且与某一地区接壤;to表示范围外,且不接壤,相离,隔海相望。
如:
GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.(广东属于中国)
GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.(广东与湖南毗邻,且接壤)
JapanistotheeastofChina.(日本与中国隔海相望)
(5)表方位的介词on,in,behind,after
on表示在左边、右边或者旁边,onthesideof;in表示在里边;behind在后边;after表示顺序。
(6)infrontof与inthefrontof
infrontof在外前面 in/atthefrontof在内前部
3.方式介词
(1)表交通by,in,on
用by时,表方式,交通工具前不用任何修饰词。
如:
byair/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。
用in或on时,交通工具为具体实物,其前应有修饰语。
如:
onthebus,onanearlytrain,onaplane,ontheship,onahorse,onthebike,inmycar等。
onfoot是固定搭配。
(2)表手段、工具by,in,with,on
用by时,工具前不用任何修饰词,by也可接doing。
如:
byhand/accident/mistake等。
bysellingnewspapers/readingaloud等。
用with时,工具为具体实物,其符合名词的出现形式。
如:
withapen,withears,withmynose,with(our)hands,witharope等。
in+语言、材料等。
如:
inEnglish,inpencil,inink等。
on+电器、网络等。
如:
onthecomputer/theradio/TV/thephone/theInternet等。
注意以下固定搭配:
agreewith同意 arriveat/in到达 atonce立刻ontime按时,准时intime及时
beangrywith生……的气begoodat/dowellin擅长于beinterestedin对……感兴趣
belatefor迟到 belongto属于bestrictwith对……严格
bytheway顺便说 onone'swayto在去……的路上catchupwith赶上
cheerup使……高兴 comeupwith提出dependon依靠
bedifferentfrom与……不同falloff掉下来getalong/onwith与……相处
hearof听说 hearfrom收到……来信helpwith帮助
inpublic在公共场合 introuble处于困境中 insilence默默地
insurprise惊奇地 intime及时 learnfrom向……学习
laughat嘲笑 makefriendswith与……交朋友 regard...as把……当作
toone'ssurprise使……惊奇的是 withasmile微笑着
二、典型例题
热点方向1:
时间介词
1.---WhenisJay’sconcert?
---It’s________threeo’clock________theafternoonofJuly18th.
A.at;inB.at;onC.on;inD.in;on
2.Ihadtoomuchworktodolastnight.Ididn’tgotobed________11o’clock.
A.inB.untilC.for
3.----Howlonghaveyoulivedinthenewflat?
---_________2010.
A.InB.AfterC.SinceD.Before
热点方向2:
地点介词
4.Sandyisarealbookloverandsheoftenbringshomemanybookstoread________thelibrary.
A.inB.forC.byD.from
5.Mrs.Kingputacoat_________thesleepinggirltokeepherwarm.
A.overB.withC.behindD.beside
6.---Excuseme.CouldyoutellmethewaytothePeople’sHospital?
---Walkalongthisstreet_______theendandyouwillfinditonyourleft.
A.inB.toC.byD.at
热点方向3:
方式介词
7.Themanmakesaliving__________painting.
A.withoutB.withC.by
热点方向4:
固定搭配
8.----What’syourteacherlike?
----Sheisalwaysstrict__________us.
A.inB.withC.to
9.–DoyouknowMoYan?
---Ofcourse.Hewonthe2012NobelPrizeforLiterature_______theageof57.
A.inB.atC.onD.to
10.Thechemicalsinthevegetablesarebad__________ourhealth.
A.fromB.withC.ofD.for
11.Johnoftenaskshisteacher________help.
A.toB.withC.forD.on
12.–Mary,doesyourbrotherget_________workbybus?
----No,heridesabike.Sometimeshewalks.
A.inB.onC.toD.for
中考命题大预测
1.Weshoulddosomethingtostoptheforest_________beingcutdown.
A.fromB.inC.byD.with
2.Youdon’tneedtolook________everynewwordinyourdictionary.
A.forB.atC.afterD.up
3.TheengineerwillreturnfromMacao__________afewdays.
A.sinceB.inC.onD.after
4.________themorningofMay1st,weallvisitedtheoldpeople’shome.
A.InB.OnC.AtD.To
5.Weare__________buildinganewzooinourtownbecausewethinkanimalsshouldliveinthe
mountainforests.
A.inB.onC.forD.against
6.Myclassmate,MaShuhanisgood________Englishandmath.
A.toB.forC.atD.with
7.Doingmoreexerciseisgood____________yourhealth.
A.toB.forC.atD.with
8.MyEnglishteacherisgood__________me.
A.toB.forC.atD.with
9.---Whatkindofteadoyoulike?
---I’dlikeChinesetea__________nothinginit.
A.withB.inC.onD.for
10.Don’tread_______bed.It’sbad______youreyes.
A.on;ofB.on;toC.in;forD.at;for
11.–Howisitgoing?
--Thanks_______theweather,thecropsgrowwell.
A.toB.forC.atD.with
12.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool__________theyearof2000.
A.sinceB.inC.onD.by
13.Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo__________?
A.throughB.acrossC.withD.under
14.Wearedoingmuchbetter________English_______outteacher’shelp.
A.in;atB.at;inC.in;withD.with;with
15.Thetwinsgotonwell__________theirclassmates.
A.toB.inC.withD.about
16.It’simpolitetolaugh__________peoplewhentheyare_________trouble.
A.over;inB.at;inC.in;atD.at;for
巩固练习
1
()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.
A.on;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on
()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?
-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.
A.on B.in C.out D.up
()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.
A.in B.at C.on D.since
()4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.
A.on B.at C.in D.during
()5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
()6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.
A.in B.at C.for D.still
()7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.
A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on
2
()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.
A.forpastthe B.inthepass C.inthepast D.forpast
()2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.
A.nextweek B.inthelastweek C.lastweek D.foraweek
()3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.
A.inthelastfewyear B.inthelastfewyears C.lastyear D.onthelastyear
3
()1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.
A.in B.on C.for D.at
()2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.
A.In B.On C.At D.For
()3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.
A.at B.on C.with D.of
()4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.
A.on B./ C.at D.in
4
()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.
A.infrontof;atbackof B.inthefrontof;atthebackof
C.infrontof;atthebackof D.inthefrontof;atbackof
()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim‘sleft.
A.on;on B.in;at C.at;in D.in;on
()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.
A.to;in B.in;to. C.on;to D.to;on
5
()1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?
-Ihaven‘tgot____me.
A.into;about B.in;with C.at;in D.on;on
()21likemooncakes____meat____them.
A.in;on B.with;on C.in;the D.with;in
()3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.
A.in;from B.in;for C.on;from D.on;of
()4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.
A.about B.in C.to D.of
()5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.
A.ina B.in C.on D.ona
6
()1Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.
A.on;on B.at;in C.on;in D.on;at
()2Thereisadoor___thewall.ta^nc
A.on B.to C.of D.in
()3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..
A.in B.from C.at D.on
()4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe‘sexactlylikearope.
A.with;on B.with;in C.on;with D.in;with
7
()1Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.
A.in B.on C.at D.from
()2Don‘tread____thesun.It‘sbad___youreyes.
A.in;for B.in;for C.with;to D.in;on
()3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.
A.in B.on C.of D.at
()4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.
A.in B,on C.at, D.from
8
()1Theboatispassing___thebridge.
A.through B.below C.under D.across
()2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.
A.through B.over, C.on, D,below
()3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.
A.under B.below C.over D.on
()4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.
A.over B.cross C.on D.above
9
()1TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.
A.to;in B.on;to C.in;beside D.a
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