毕业设计外文翻译原文.docx
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毕业设计外文翻译原文.docx
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毕业设计外文翻译原文
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毕业设计(论文)外文翻译
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2013年5月30日
Abstract
Thisreportincludesadevelopmentpresentationofaninformationsystemformanagingthestaffdatawithinasmallcompanyororganization.ThesystemassuchasithasbeendevelopediscalledEmployeeManagementSystem.ItconsistsoffunctionallyrelatedGUI(applicationprogram)anddatabase.
Thechoiceoftheprogrammingtoolsisindividualandparticular.
Keywords
Informationsystem,Databasesystem,DBMS,parenttable,childtable,tablefields,primarykey,foreignkey,relationship,sqlqueries,objects,classes,controls.
Contents
1.Introduction1
1.1Background1
1.2ProblemStatement2
1.3ProblemDiscussion2
1.4ReportOverview2
2.Problem’sSolution2
2.1Method2
2.2ProgrammingEnvironments3
2.3DatabaseAnalyzing,designandimplementation7
2.4Program’sStructureAnalyzingandGUIConstructing9
2.5DatabaseConnectionsandCode-Implementation12
2.5.1Retrievingdatafromthedatabase16
2.5.2Savingdataintothedatabase19
2.5.3Updatingrecordsintothedatabase22
2.5.4Deletingdatafromthedatabase24
3.Conclusion25
4.References26
1.Introduction
Thischaptergivesabrieftheoreticalpreviewuponthedatabaseinformationsystemsandgoesthroughtheessenceoftheproblemthatshouldberesolved.
1.1Background
MostofthecontemporaryInformationsystemsarebasedontheDatabasetechnologyasacollectionoflogicallyrelateddata,andDBMSasasoftwaresystemallowingtheuserstodefine,create,maintainandcontrolaccesstothedatabase.
Theprocessofconstructingsuchkindofsystemsisnotsosimple.Itinvolvesamutualdevelopmentofapplicationprogramanddatabase.Theapplicationprogramisactuallythebridgebetweentheusersandthedatabase,wherethedataisstored.Thus,thewell-developedapplicationprogramanddatabaseareveryimportantforthereliability,flexibilityandfunctionalityofthesystem.
Thesodefinedsystemsdifferentiatetoeachotherandtheirdevelopmentcomprisesagreatvarietyoftaskstoberesolvedandimplemented.
ThebasicideacanbedepictedonFigure1.1below:
Informationsystemsuggestsacomputertechnologytobeusedinordertoprovideinformationtousersinanorganization(forinstance),asforthepurposesofdatatransformationintousefulinformation;computerhardwareandsoftwarearedesignedandused[2].
AparticularcaseistheHumanResourcesInformationSystemdevelopment.Thiskindofsystemsareresponsibleforstoringdataofthestaffwithinanorganizationandgeneratingreportsuponrequest.
SuchkindofsystemcouldbeintegratedwithotherInformationsystemsormodules:
AccountingInformationSystem(AIS)–designedtotransformfinancialdataintoinformation,orManagementInformationSystem(MIS)thatprovidesdecision-orientedinformationtomanagers,andsoon…
“OrganizationsdependonInformationSystemsinordertostaycompetitive.Productivity,whichiscrucialtostayingcompetitive,canbeincreasedthroughbetterInformationSystems.”[2].
1.2ProblemStatement
Thisreport’sdocumentationgoesthroughthewholeprocessofbothapplicationprogramanddatabasedevelopment.Italsocomprisesthedevelopmenttoolshavebeenutilizedforthesepurposes.
1.3ProblemDiscussion
Thissystemshouldconsistofanapplicationprogram,ononehand,andadatabase(repositoryofdata)ontheother.Theprogramshouldperformthebasicoperationsuponthedatabaseasretrieving,inserting,updatinganddeletingdata.Anyadditionalfunctionalityisagoalofafurthermoduledevelopment.
Itisakindofstrategytostartthedevelopmentfromdesigningandconstructingthedatabase,asthisstructurewilldeterminethefurtherstructureoftheapplicationprogram.
Thelogicaldatabasemodel(tables,theircontentandtherelationshipsbetweenthem)shouldrespondtothegiventaskandcoverthebasicrequirements.
TheInterfaceoftheprogramshouldbeuser-friendly,andtheprogramshouldbeaseasyforuseasitispossible.
Bothcontrolsandformsshouldlogicallyandfunctionallyberelatedwithintheprogramandfullyrespondtothestructureofthedatabase.
Anotherproblemisestablishingtheconnectionswiththedatabase,everytime,whenaqueryisneededtobeperformeduponit.Exception-handlingshouldalsobetakenintoanaccountduringthesystem’sdevelopmentduetoeventualexceptionsthatmayoccur.
1.4ReportOverview
Thenextchapteranditssubsectionswillturntheattentiontothemethodforresolvingtheproblem,theprogrammingenvironmentsusedfordevelopingthesystemandtheimplementationoftheoperationsperformeduponthedatabase.
2.Problem’sSolution
Thischapterinvolvessomesubsectionsthatconcernthebasicschemeofresolvingthegiventaskandcompriseboththemethodsandtoolsofitsdevelopmentaswell.
2.1Method
Attheverycommencement,Iproceededtoadecisiontocarryoutthedevelopmentofmytaskintothefollowingsteps:
1.Exploringtheavailabledevelopmentenvironmentsandtechniques.
2.DatabaseAnalyzing.
3.DatabasedesignandImplementation.
4.Program’sStructureAnalyzing.
5.GUI(GraphicalUserInterface)constructing.
6.Bringingallthestufftogether(controlsdatabindingandfunctionsimplementation).
7.Tests.
Eachoneofthesestepscouldbeexplainedinsomebriefdetailsasfollows:
1.Exploringtheavailabledevelopmentenvironmentsandtechniques
Thereisalotofprogrammingenvironmentsavailabletobeusedforsuchkindofelaborations.Thepointistochoosesuchanenvironmentthatwewillbeabletooperatewithinaconvenientandeasyway.Thisismoreorlessoptionalandindividualprocess,thatdependsonthedeveloper’sexperienceaswell.
2.DatabaseAnalyzing
Itconcernsallofthedemands,putuponthedatabasecontentanditsfunctionality.Thedatabaseshouldbedesignedandimplementedinawaythattheuserwouldexpectittobe.
3.DatabasedesignandImplementation
Thisstepistightlyrelatedwiththepreviousoneasitiscompletelydeterminedbytherequirements,analyzedanddiscussedinstep2.
4.Program’sStructureAnalyzing
Theapplicationprogramasaninterfacebetweentheusersandthedatabaseshouldbeanaccurate“reflection”ofthedatabaseonthescreen;henceawellanalyzedanddefinedstructureisneeded.
5.GUIConstructing
Afteranalyzingtheprogram’sstructureanddefiningwhatitshouldconsistof,agraphicalrepresentationofthisstuffisneededinordertoenabletheusertointeractwiththedata.
6.Bringingallthestufftogether
Thenextstepthatshouldbetakenisconnectingtheprogramwiththedatabaseandperformingthenecessaryfunctionalityuponallofthecontrols.
7.Tests
Toensurethateverythingworksproperlyandasithasbeenexpected,testperformancehastobedoneuponthesystem’sfunctionality.
2.2ProgrammingEnvironments
Thegiventaskconcernsasmallcompany(organization).Forinstance,fortheneedsofasmallcompany,wecoulduseonesetoftools,butfortheneedsofalargerone,itwouldbemuchbetterifweapplyourapproachbyusingsomedifferent,thatcouldbemoreappropriateandwouldfitmuchbettertherequirementswehavetosatisfy.
IdecidedtousetheAccessDatabaseEnvironmentasaDatabaseManagementSystemandC#asaprogramminglanguagefordevelopingmyproject.
BeforeproceedingtotheexplanatorynotesofhowIhavedevelopedthesoftware,Iwouldliketotakeapreviewupontheprogrammingtools(environments)thathavebeenusedduringthisproject’sdevelopmentcourse.
●DatabaseEnvironment:
Accessisatypicalenvironmentforconstructing
relationaldatabases.
ThedatabaseistheskeletonandtheunderlyingframeworkofmostofthecontemporaryInformationSystems.TheevolutionoftheDatabasesystemscouldbedividedintothreephases:
theManual-filingSystem,theFile-basedsystems,andtheDatabaseandtheDatabaseManagementsystems(DBMS).
oThemanual-filingsystemcontainsfilesofinformation,relatedtoaproject,product,task,client,oremployeeandtheyareusuallylabeledandstoredinoneormorecabinets.Thecabinetsmaybelocatedinthesecureareaofthebuilding,forsafety.Tofacilitatetheprocessofsearchingandtofindoutwhatwewant,morequickly,thedifferenttypesofitemcanbeputinseparatefoldersandtheyremainlogicallyrelated.
Actually,theneedsofthecontemporaryindustrialworldcouldnotbecoveredorsatisfiedbyusingsuchkindofsystems,andespeciallywhatconcernstheirreliabilityandefficiency.
oThus,wehistoricallyreachtothesecondphaseoftheDatabasesystemsevolution–theFile-basedsystems.Thiskindofsystemshadbeendevelopedinresponsetotheneedsanddemandsofindustryforamoreefficientdataaccess[1].Thebasicideaintothedevelopmentofthistypeofsystems,isthateachDepartmentinanorganization(forinstance)hasanaccesstoitsowndata(files)throughapplicationprograms.(Figure2.1):
TherearesomelimitationsoftheFile-basedsystems:
-DataDuplication:
Itisundesirableasitcoststimeandmoney,andtakesadditionalstoragespace.
-DependencyofData:
That’sakindofinconvenienceasthephysicalstructureandstorageofthedatafilesandrecordsaredefinedintheapplicationcode.
-DataIsolation:
Itissomedifficulttoaccessdata,isolatedinseparatefiles.
-Incompatibilityofthefileformats:
Itconcernsthefilestructureasadependentontheprogramminglanguage,inwhichonetheapplicationprogramhasbeendevelopedandimplemented,asthefile’sstructureisembeddedintheapplicationprogram.
oAftertakinganewandmoreeffectivea
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