高二英语必修四知识点梳理.docx
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高二英语必修四知识点梳理.docx
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高二英语必修四知识点梳理
必修四
第1单元
重点词汇
1.achieve获得;实现;达到预期的目的
achieveanaim/goal达到目标
achievesuccess获得成功
辨析:
achieve,reach,gain
achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能,耐性和努力。
reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
*Hehopestoachieveallhisaimssoon
*Youcanachieveyourambitionifyouworkhard.
*Ifyoudoonethingeachday,youwillreachyourgoal.
*Butthedeterminationtoreachthisgoalcarriedmeandmypartnersthroughthedifficulttimes.
*Thisshouldhelpyougaintrust.
*Wecangainsomeinsightfromthat.
achievementn.[c]成就,功绩
*HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisscientificachievements.
*FlyingacrosstheAtlanticforthefirsttimewasagreatachievement.
2.condition
表示“条件”,condition为单数时,表示人/物所处的“状态”;conditions(复数)指一般情况,环境。
*Istarveforyourhelpinsuchacondition.
*Youworryabouthercondition.
*Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.
*Weshouldmakedecisionsinaccordancewithspecificconditions.
与condition相关的词组:
ingood/poorcondition状况好/不好
outofcondition状况不好
onconditionthat在……条件下,假使
onnocondition决不
3.connection连接,关系
inconnectionwith与……有关
*Policesaidlaterthatthey'darrestedonepersoninconnectionwiththeshootings.
4.behave举止,举动,行为表现
behaveoneself表现良好,行为良好
*Honestyisthefoundationtobehaveoneselfandstartone'scareer.
behaveas起……作用,表现为……
*Othersarefindingthatblackholesmightnotbehaveaswethought.
5.worthwhile值得做的,值得出力的
Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth
*Itisworthwhilebuyingthedictionary.
*Itisworthwhiletodiscusstheplanagain.
辨析:
Worth、worthy、worthwhile
(1)worth通常只用作表语,不用于名词前作定语;worthy和worthwhile可用作表语和定语。
*Itisn’tworththetrouble.
*Heisaworthygentleman.
*Hisbehaviorisworthyofgreatpraise.
*Theyachievedaveryworthwhileresult.
*Wehadalongwait,butitwasworthwhilebecausewegotthetickets.
(2)worth习惯上不用very修饰(要表示类似意思可用well),而worthy和worthwhile则可以用副词very修饰。
*Thatisveryworthyofourattention.
*Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.
但习惯上不说:
Theworkisveryworthdoing.(very应改为well)
(3)搭配习惯不同
beworth+n./doing
*Thepictureisworth$500.
*Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.(主动形式表示被动)
beworthyof+n./doing
Beworthytodosth
*Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.
*Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.
*Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.
Beworthwhiledoing/todosth
6.respect
作动词,后直接跟宾语。
*Iwanthimtorespectmeasacareerwoman.
作名词,表示“尊重,尊敬”。
*Ifyouhaverespectforsomeone,youhaveagoodopinionofthem.
表示“敬意,问候”时,用复数形式,常与give,send,pay连用。
*CarlhadaskedhimtovisitthehospitalandtopayhisrespectstoFrancis.
与respect相关的短语:
respectoneself自重,自尊
have/showrespectfor对……尊重/尊敬
haverespectto注意,考虑
inrespectofsth就某方面而言。
withrespectto涉及,关于。
7.argue争论,辩论
arguewithsb(about/for…)(为/关于……)和某人辩论
*Ifonepersonargueswithanother,theyspeakangrilytoeachotheraboutsomethingthattheydisagreeabout.
*Don'targuewithme.
arguefor/against…辩论赞成……/反对……
*Ifyouargueforsomething,yousaywhyyouagreewithit,inordertopersuadepeoplethatitisright.
*Ifyouargueagainstsomething,yousaywhyyoudisagreewithit,inordertopersuadepeoplethatitiswrong
与argue相关的词组:
argueback反驳
arguesbinto/outofdoingsth说服某人做/不做某事
8.inspire鼓舞,激发
inspiresb(todosth)赋予某人灵感,启迪
*Hisspiritwillcarryon,anditwillinspireallofustoachievemore.
inspiresb(withsth)/inspiresthinsb激励/鼓励某人的……
*Asincerecomplimentcaninspiresomeonewithcourage.
Inspired:
有创造力的,有雄心壮志的,受灵感启示的
Inspiring:
鼓舞人心的,使人感兴趣的
9.support支撑,扶持,养活
作可数名词,表示“支撑物,支持的人/物,赡养者,赞助金”。
作不可数名词,表示“支持,养家,赡养”。
与support相关的词组:
cometoone’ssupport来支持某人
insupport后备的,准备给予支援的
insupportof支持,证明
10.lookdownon/upon蔑视,瞧不起
近义:
lookone’snoseat……
*Iwasn'tsuccessful,sotheylookeddownonme.
与look有关的短语:
lookfor寻找,期待
lookforwardtodoing盼望做某事
lookon…as把……看作
lookout朝外看,当心,注意,查出
lookthrough浏览,仔细查看,审核
lookup查看,抬头看
lookafter照顾
lookbackon/tosth追思,回顾
lookin(onsb)顺便访问
lookintosth调查
lookoversth检阅,检查
lookto注意
looksbupanddown上下打量某人
11.explain
作及物动词,表示“解释,说明”,常接名词,代词,从句作宾语。
*Howdoyouexplainthisphenomenon.
*Ididn'tquitefollow;couldyouexplainitagain?
*Iwanttoexplainwhathappened.
若表示“向某人解释某事”,应说explainsthtosb或explaintosbsth。
*IfhewerehereIcouldexplaintohimmyself.
*NeedIexplainitto/foryou?
explainoneself为自己的行为辩解
12.strike
表示“打,击,敲”。
*Theclockstrucknine.
表示“通过摩擦产生(火花,光亮)。
*Thelittlegirlstrikesamatch.
表示“打动,引起,迷住,罢工”。
*Theyshouldn'tbestrikingformoremoney.
表示“打”时,常套用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表示身体某一部位的名词”句型中。
*Hestrikemeinmyface.
与strike相关的词组:
striketo向……打去。
strikefor/against为争取/反对……而罢工。
srikesbdown把某人打到,使某人丧命。
strikeonsth意为获得/发现某事。
strikehome击中要害。
13.consideration考虑,体谅
takesthintoconsideration考虑某事,体谅某事
leavesthoutofconsideration忽略某事,不重视某事
inconsiderationofsth作为对……的回报,考虑到
*Inconsiderationofyourextensiveexperienceinthefield,wearegladtoappointyouasouragent.
*Safedrivingisgooddrivingbecauseittakesintoconsiderationthelivesofotherpeople.
*Takingeverythingintoconsideration,theeventwasagreatsuccess.
14.deliver递送,释放,发表(演说)
deliverababy接生
deliveronsth不负重望,履行诺言
*Althoughwe'dplannedtohaveourbabyathome,weneverexpectedtodeliverherourselves!
*Youexpectmetodeliveronmypromises,andmyperformanceshouldbemeasured.
15.devote
devote…to(doing)sth.献身于……,to是介词
*Howmanyhoursamonthdoyouandyourteamdevotetotheproject?
*Howmanyhoursamonthdoyouandyourteamdevotetopreparingtheproject?
Bedevotedto专心致志于
*Iamdevotedtomyhomework.
devoteoneselfto献身于,致力于,专心于
*Shedevotedherselftohercareer.
形容词devoted表示“忠实的,热爱的,全心全意的”。
bedevotedtosb/sth对某人/某物忠实(热爱,全心全意)
*Theyaredevotedtotheirchildren.
Usefulexpressions
humanbeings人类
moveoff离开,启程,出发
leada…life过着……的生活
crowdin涌上心头,涌入脑海
lookdownon/upon蔑视,瞧不起
referto查阅,参考,谈到(其中,to为介词)
bychance碰巧,凑巧
comeacross偶遇,碰见
carryon继续,坚持
carryout实行,执行,完成
bedressedin穿着…
dressas打扮成…
fightfor为….而战
fightagainst与…战斗
puttodeath判死刑
concernoneselfwith…关注…注意…
intendtodosth./doingsth.打算做某事
intheshadeof在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下
gaindoctor’sdegree获得博士学位
beconsideredas被看做….
taketurnstodosth采取步骤做某事
doresearchon…做…方面的研究
meantodo打算做某事
meandoing意味着
bynow直到现在
第2单元
重点词汇
1.strugglevi.&n.斗争;拼搏;努力
struggletodosth.努力做某事
*Theywerestrugglingtogetouttheburningcar.
strugglefor为……而斗争
*Thebookisabouttheirstruggleforliberation.
strugglewith/against与……作斗争
*TheystruggledallthroughtheyearswithusagainsttheJapanese.
straggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来
*Hestruggledtohisfeetanddraggedslowlyahead.
alife-and-deathstruggle生死搏斗
2.equipvt.&vi.配备;装备
equipmentn.[u]装备;设备
*Theyequippedthemselvesfortheexpedition.
*Agoodeducationshouldequipyouforlife.
equipsb./sth.with用……武装某人;用……装备某物
equipsb./sth.for为……而武装某人;为……而装备某物
apieceofofficeequipment一件办公设备
3.regret(regretted)vt.(对……)遗憾;惋惜n.[c,u]遗憾;惋惜
Regret+sth
*Ifyougonow,you’llregretit.
regrettosay/tell/announce/inform遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知
*Iregrettosaythejobhasbeenfilled.
regretdoing/havingdonesth.后悔已做了某事
*Inowregretleaving/havingleftschoolsoyoung.
regretthat遗憾/后悔…
*IregretthatIcannotcome.
4.reducevt.&vi.减少;减缩
reductionn.缩减,减少,降低
reducesth(from...)to...把某物从……减少到……
*Hereducedhisweightfrom98to92kilos/by6kilos.
*ThereformhasreducedustoservantsoftheState.
reducesth.by...减少多少
*Theiroutputhasbeenreducedby10percent.
5.focusvt.&vi.集中(注意力);聚焦n.[c,u]焦点;中心点
*Focusyourcamera.把照相机的焦距调准。
*Herbeautymakesherthefocusofattention.
与focus相关的词组:
focuson集中于
focus(one’sattention/mind/efforts)on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于
*Alleyesfocussedonher.
*Theyfocusedtheirmindondoingtheexperiment.
mentvi.&vt.表达意见;作出评论n.[c,u]评论;议论
*Thescandalcausedalotofcomment.
*—“Willyouresign,Minister?
”
—“Nocomment!
”
commenton/aboutsth./sb.对某事/某人评论
makecomments/nocommentonsth./sb.对某事/某人评论/不进行评论
*Shewasaskedaboutthepayincreasebutmadenocommentonit.
7.thanksto幸亏;由于;因为(有时作反语)
*Thankstoyourhelp,muchtroublewassaved.
*Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeencancelled.
类似词组:
becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto/onaccountof/asaresultof
*Hewasinjureddueto/owingtoacaraccident.
*Hisfailureisduetothefactthathelacksexperience.
*Thetrainarrivedlateonaccountof/asaresultofaheavysnow.
*Thankstohim,I’mgettingbetterandbetter.
*Itwasthankstoyourstupiditythatwelostthegame.(作反语)
8.ridsb./sth.of...使某人/某物摆脱……
*Manypeopleareworkinghardtoridtheworldoffamine.
*Thedentistridhimofthepainbytakingouthisbadtooth.
与rid相关的短语:
beridof摆脱
getridof摆脱;除掉;去掉
ridoneselfofdebt还清债务
9.besatisfiedwith=becontentwith对……表示满足或满意
*Iwasnotsatisfiedwiththeresult.
*You’vedonewellatschool.I’mverysatisfiedwithyou.
与satisfy相关的短语:
sth.satisfysb.某事使某人满意
*Theresultdoesn’tsatisfyme.
sb.issatisfiedsth.对……表示满足或满意
besatisfiedtodo对做……感到满意
besatisfiedthat从句对做……感到满意
itissatisfying(todosth)做某事是令人满意的
*Itcanbeverysatisfyingtoworkinthegarden.
与satisfy相关的词组:
asatisfiedsmile满意的微笑
asatisfiedcustomer感到满意的顾客
feelasenseofsatisfaction感到满足感
tosb’s/sth’ssatisfaction使某人满意的是
farfromsatisfactory远远不能令人满足
asatisfactoryexplanation/performance令人满意的解释/演出
get/obtain/derivesatisfactionfromone’swork从自己的工作中得到满足
10.wouldrather宁愿……
*I’dratherwalkthantakeabus.
*—“S
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