1、高二英语必修四知识点梳理必修四第1单元重点词汇1.achieve 获得；实现；达到预期的目的achieve an aim / goal达到目标achieve success 获得成功辨析：achieve，reach，gainachieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。*He hopes to achieve all his aims soon*You can achieve your ambition if you work hard.*If you d
2、o one thing each day, you will reach your goal.*But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult times.*This should help you gain trust.*We can gain some insight from that.achievement n.c成就，功绩 *He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. *Fly
3、ing across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.2.condition表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”；conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。*I starve for your help in such a condition.*You worry about her condition.*I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.*We should make decisions in ac
4、cordance with specific conditions.与condition相关的词组：in good/poor condition 状况好/不好out of condition 状况不好on condition that 在条件下，假使on no condition 决不3.connection 连接，关系in connection with 与有关* Police said later that theyd arrested one person in connection with the shootings.4.behave 举止，举动，行为表现behave oneself
5、 表现良好，行为良好* Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start ones career.behave as 起作用，表现为* Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we thought.5.worthwhile 值得做的，值得出力的It is worthwhile doing/to do sth *It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.*It is worthwhile to discuss the plan ag
6、ain. 辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile（1）worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语； worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。*It isnt worth the trouble. *He is a worthy gentleman. *His behavior is worthy of great praise. *They achieved a very worthwhile result. *We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets. （2）w
7、orth 习惯上不用 very 修饰（要表示类似意思可用 well），而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用副词 very 修饰。*That is very worthy of our attention. *Nursing is a very worthwhile career.但习惯上不说：The work is very worth doing. （very 应改为 well）（3）搭配习惯不同be worth + n./doing*The picture is worth $500.*The clock is hardly worth repairing. (主动形式表示
8、被动)be worthy of + n./doingBe worthy to do sth*Their efforts are worthy of your support.*This suggestion is worthy of being considered.*This suggestion is worthy to be considered. Be worthwhile doing/to do sth6.respect作动词，后直接跟宾语。*I want him to respect me as a career woman.作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。*If you have r
9、espect for someone, you have a good opinion of them.表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。*Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to Francis.与respect相关的短语：respect oneself 自重，自尊have/show respect for 对尊重/尊敬have respect to 注意，考虑in respect of sth 就某方面而言。with respect to 涉及，关于。7.arg
10、ue 争论，辩论argue with sb（about/for） （为/关于）和某人辩论*If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about.*Dont argue with me.argue for/against 辩论赞成/反对*If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to persuade people that it is ri
11、ght. *If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order to persuade people that it is wrong与argue相关的词组：argue back 反驳argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事8.inspire 鼓舞，激发inspire sb（to do sth） 赋予某人灵感，启迪*His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve more
12、.inspire sb（with sth）/inspire sth in sb 激励/鼓励某人的*A sincere compliment can inspire someone with courage. Inspired：有创造力的，有雄心壮志的，受灵感启示的Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感兴趣的9.support 支撑，扶持，养活 作可数名词，表示“支撑物，支持的人/物，赡养者，赞助金”。作不可数名词，表示“支持，养家，赡养”。与support相关的词组：come to ones support 来支持某人in support 后备的，准备给予支援的in support of 支持
13、，证明10.look down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起近义：look ones nose at*I wasnt successful, so they looked down on me.与look有关的短语：look for寻找，期待 look forward to doing盼望做某事 look onas把看作look out朝外看，当心，注意，查出 look through浏览，仔细查看，审核look up查看，抬头看 look after照顾 look back on/to sth 追思，回顾look in（on sb）顺便访问 look into sth调查 look over
14、 sth 检阅，检查look to注意 look sb up and down上下打量某人11.explain作及物动词，表示“解释，说明”，常接名词，代词，从句作宾语。*How do you explain this phenomenon.*I didnt quite follow;could you explain it again?*I want to explain what happened.若表示“向某人解释某事”，应说explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。*If he were here I could explain to him myself
15、.*Need I explain it to/for you?explain oneself 为自己的行为辩解12.strike表示“打，击，敲”。*The clock struck nine.表示“通过摩擦产生（火花，光亮）。*The little girl strikes a match.表示“打动，引起，迷住，罢工”。*They shouldnt be striking for more money.表示“打”时，常套用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表示身体某一部位的名词”句型中。*He strike me in my face.与strike相关的词组：strike to向打去。str
16、ike for/against为争取/反对而罢工。srike sb down把某人打到，使某人丧命。strike on sth意为获得/发现某事。strike home击中要害。13.consideration 考虑，体谅take sth into consideration 考虑某事，体谅某事leave sth out of consideration 忽略某事，不重视某事in consideration of sth 作为对的回报，考虑到*In consideration of your extensive experience in the field， we are glad to a
17、ppoint you as our agent. *Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.*Taking everything into consideration,the event was a great success.14.deliver 递送，释放，发表（演说）deliver a baby 接生deliver on sth 不负重望，履行诺言*Although wed planned to have our baby at home, we
18、never expected to deliver her ourselves!*You expect me to deliver on my promises, and my performance should be measured. 15.devotedevoteto(doing) sth. 献身于，to是介词*How many hours a month do you and your team devote to the project?*How many hours a month do you and your team devote to preparing the proj
19、ect?Be devoted to 专心致志于 *I am devoted to my homework.devote oneself to 献身于，致力于，专心于*She devoted herself to her career.形容词devoted表示“忠实的，热爱的，全心全意的”。be devoted to sb/sth 对某人/某物忠实（热爱，全心全意）*They are devoted to their children.Useful expressions human beings 人类move off 离开，启程，出发 lead alife 过着的生活crowd in 涌上心头
20、，涌入脑海 look down on/ upon 蔑视，瞧不起refer to 查阅，参考，谈到 (其中，to为介词)by chance 碰巧，凑巧come across 偶遇，碰见 carry on 继续，坚持 carry out 实行，执行，完成be dressed in 穿着 dress as 打扮成 fight for 为.而战 fight against 与战斗put to death判死刑 concern oneself with关注 注意intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事in the shade of 在的树荫下，在的庇护下gain docto
21、rs degree 获得博士学位 be considered as 被看做. take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事 do research on 做方面的研究mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着by now 直到现在第2单元重点词汇1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 struggle to do sth.努力做某事*They were struggling to get out the burning car. struggle for 为而斗争*The book is about their struggle for liber
22、ation. struggle with / against与作斗争*They struggled all through the years with us against the Japanese. straggle to one s feet挣扎着站起来*He struggled to his feet and dragged slowly ahead. a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备*They equipped themselves for the expedition. *
23、A good education should equip you for life. equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对)遗憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遗憾；惋惜Regret + sth*If you go now, you ll regret it. regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知*I regret to say
24、 the job has been filled.regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 *I now regret leaving/having left school so young.regret that 遗憾/后悔*I regret that I cannot come.4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物从减少到 *He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. *The ref
25、orm has reduced us to servants of the State. reduce sth. by. 减少多少*Their output has been reduced by 10 percent.5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. c,u 焦点；中心点 *Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。*Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 与focus相关的词组：focus on集中于 focus (one s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思
26、/精力)于 *All eyes focussed on her.*They focused their mind on doing the experiment.ment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. c, u 评论；议论 *The scandal caused a lot of comment.*“Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论*She was asked ab
27、out the pay increase but made no comment on it. 7.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) *Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. *Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 类似词组：because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of *He was injured due to /owing to a car acci
28、dent. * His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. *The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. *Thanks to him, I m getting better and better . *It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . （作反语）8. rid sb./sth. of. 使某人/某物摆脱 *Many people are working har
29、d to rid the world of famine. *The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 与 rid相关的短语：be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid oneself of debt 还清债务9.be satisfied with = be content with 对表示满足或满意*I was not satisfied with the result. *Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you.
30、与satisfy相关的短语：sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 *The result doesn t satisfy me. sb. is satisfied sth. 对表示满足或满意be satisfied to do 对做感到满意 be satisfied that从句 对做感到满意it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的*It can be very satisfying to work in the garden.与satisfy相关的词组：a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感 to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 从自己的工作中得到满足10. would rather 宁愿*I d rather walk than take a bus. *“S
