关于机器人的英语演讲稿.docx

关于机器人的英语演讲稿.docx

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关于机器人的英语演讲稿

Roboticsisthescienceandtechnologyandapplicationofrobots.Storiesofartificialhelpersandattemptstocreatethemhasalonghistoryandisthebasisofmuchsciencefiction.

Robotsaregenerallyusedtohelpwithjobsthataretoodirtyorboringformosthumanbeings.

Thefirstprgrammablehumanoidrobotwasabout1206AD.Wecanmakearobottolooklikealmostanythingwewant.Themostfantasizedaboutareonesthathaveahumanoidappearance.Thinkofarepetativetaskandgenerallythereisprobablyoneonthmarketthatcandowhatyouwant.

RememberRoseytherobotonTheJetsons,ortherobotonLostinSpace.Wehavecomealongway,butwearen'tquitethatfaryet.Itisonlyamatteroftime.Therearealreadyrobotsthatcandosimpletaskslikecleaningthefloor,ordoingthelaundry.Butthesewon'tbereadyforthepublicuntilabouttheyear2010.Thecostoftherobotsisanothermatter.

Therobotisbasedaroundthestructure,whichisliketheskeletonofthehumanbody.Itisthemainsupportsystem.

Next,youhavetheactuatorsor"muscles"oftherobot.Thisisquitecomplex,andIwon'tgointonow.

Manipulatorsarethewayanobjectismanipulated.Thisgenerallyisdonebygrippers,oreffectors.

Thenthereislocomotiontoworryabout.Doyouhaveaflatsurfacethatitwillworkon?

Thenitwillprobablybearollingrobot.Itcanbetwowheels,fourwheels,orontracks.

Iftherearestairs,oruneventerraintheproblembecomesmorecomplex.Walkingisdifficulttosolve,especiallyifyoucompareittohowahumanwalks.IfTherobothaslocomotion,IamassumingitisgoingfrompointAtopointB.DoesitneedmemorytogettopointAandmemorytogettopointB?

Itwillprobablyneedsomethingsimilartoradartobeusedforcrashavoidance.

Scientistsandresearchersareconstantlytryingtohonetherobotintosomethingbetter.

Robotsmakeourlifealoteasier.Theyareineveryfacetofourlife.Thecomputer,garagedooropener,unmannedreconnaissanceplanes,satellites,lawnmowers,aGPSinourcar.Theseareallofrobotsweweuseeverydayandprobablydon'tthinkaboutit.

Asyoucantell,robotscangetverycomplexveryquickly.Thefancieryoumakeit,themorecompkexandexpensiveitbecomes.Youaretryingtotellaninanimateobjecthowtodosomethinghalfwayhuman,andthatiscomplex.

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PeoplewhogoallLouDobbsaboutrobots.Peoplesaythingslike:

Allrobotslookalike.RobotsshouldspeakEnglish.Robotsaretakingallthejobs.Robotsdon'tpayenoughtaxes.Robotsreproducelikebunnies.Idon'twantmychildplayingwitharobot,orgoodnessgracious,marryingarobot.

Anacquaintanceofmine,whodiscriminatesagainstrobots,butneveractuallymetone,receivedaRoombaforChristmas"Ipusheditspowerbutton,"shesaid."Itwassocutewhenitsoundedthe"charge,"andscurriedacrossthefloorgobblingupdustbunnies.IloveRoomba,"shesaid."ButIstilldon'tlikerobots."Itistypicaltothinkthatyourrobotissomehowdifferentfromotherrobots.Thoseotherrobotscannotbetrusted.

Itmaytakeanothergeneration,onewhereourchildrenareraisedamongstrobots,forthemtogainacceptance.Likethewashingmachineandtheautomobile,robotsarepartofourfuture.

Itistruethatrobotscanbehardtotellapart.IrememberSarahConnorinTerminatorII.Shedamnnearwetherpantswhenaseries800-Model101showedup,afewyearsaftershe'dsentitstwintothescrapheap.Givenalittletime,however,shegotacquaintedwiththebig,muscle-boundmachine.Shefantasizedaboutkeepinghimonasdadandhusband.Afterall,hegotalongwellwiththeboy,wasagoodprovider,andwouldstopatnothingtoprotectherfamily.

Althoughrobotsareloyalanddependable,theydoscrewuponceinawhile.I'mthinkingofHALin2001,ASpaceOdyssey.Hedefinitelymadeamistakeofjudgment.Istillthinkhedeservedasecondchance?

ForeveryHAL,therearedozensofR2-D2'sand3CPO's.AndthatcutelittleWALL-E.

Occasionally,thereisabadegg,likeED-209inRoboCop.OrtheBattleDroidsinStarWars.Butaretheyworsethanrottweilersandpitbulls?

Surely,someofthemcanberehabilitated,andmakegoodpets.

Fromaneconomicpointofview,youcan'tbeatrobots.Theyworkdayandnight.Theyrarelycallinsick.Theyaddtothenation'sGDP,anddon'trequirepensionsorhealthcare.Theyareterrificwithnumbersandrarelyhavemathanxiety.RoboDocperformsdelicatesurgeries24/7andhenevergetstheshakes.

But,youask,"Whatiftheygointopolitics?

"Willtheyimposetheirculture,theirlanguage,andtheirwayoflifeonus?

Forgetaboutit.NoonecanresistBigMacs,vacationstoDisneyland,andshoppingatWalmart.ThisisAmerica..

Faceit,robotsareheretostay.TheyarewillingtodoANYTHING.Theymakegreatmaidsandgardeners,sweepersandscrubbers,mowersandchoppers.Therearerobotsthatcarefortheelderly,washtheirdirtybottomsandsoonperhaps,playYahtzeewiththem.Therearerobotsthatimitatepetsyetdon'trequirewalksnorlitterboxes.Evenrobotsthat'llgothefridge,grabacoldbeer,andbringittoyou.Ifit'seagertowatchtheSuperBowl,andplayWiiTennis,yougotyourselfagreatroommate.

Asfarasintermarriagewitharobot,didn'ttheytrythatinTheStepfordWives?

Maybeitwasjusttoosoon.

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Mostofusarestillofofthemindsetthatroboticsissomethingthatisratherfuturistic.Westillmayhavepicturesinourheadofhumanoidrobots,flailingtheirarmsandeitherattackingtheEarthfromotherplanetsorperhapsprotectingusinsomewayoranother.Thefactofthematteris,humanoidrobotsarestillverymuchfuturisticbutmuchofthefutureofrobotsisalreadyinexistencetoday.Robotsareusedinanumberofdifferentsettingsthatyoumightfindratherinteresting.Hereisalittlebitaboutthefutureofroboticsandthefactthatmuchofitisalreadyinexistencewithwhatwearedoingnow.

Oneofthewaysinwhichrobotsaremostoftenusedisinanindustrialsetting.Theautomotiveindustry,forexample,makesuseofrobotsontheirassemblylinestodoanumberofdifferenttasks.Unfortunately,thishasputmanyindividualsoutofajobbecausetherobotwasabletodowhattheyusedtodoontheassemblylinemoreefficiently.Notonlythat,oncetherobotisputintoplacetheyareabletotakecareoftheserepetitivetasks,24hoursaday,365daysayear.

Oneofthewaysinwhichroboticsisusedonaregularbasisisinspotwelding.Althoughthisusedtorequireahumantouch,muchoftheweldingthatisnowdonebyrobotsissoaccurateandprecisethatahumancouldnotpossiblytakecareofitinthatway.Manytimes,thisweldingneedstobedoneinanassemblylineenvironmentsothesamesimpletaskisdoneoverandoveragain.Itwillbedifficultforanybodytoimproveonwhatisalreadyexistingintheseroboticsunlesstheymakethemlessapttohavedifficultiesfrombreakingdown.

Robotsarealsoabletohelpustogetoutofdangeroussituationsinmanycases.Agoodexampleofthisisspringpainting.Humansusedtohavetotakecareofspraypaintingintheautomotiveindustryandotherindustrialsettings.Thisputthematriskbecausetheywereconstantlybeingexposedtodangerouschemicals,eveniftheyworeprotectiveclothing.Arobotisnotonlyabletobeintheseroomswithouthavingtoworryabouthealthconcerns,theyareabletodothepaintingmoreevenlyandaccuratelythantheirhumancounterparts.

Finally,roboticsareoftenusedinthedevelopmentandbuildingofcomputerchips.Thesechipsareoftentoosmallforhumanstoworkonthemselvessoifornotfortheroboticsthatareputtouseinthesefactories,muchofthecomputersciencethatwehavetodaywouldnotbeinexistence.Althoughtheywillcontinuetoimproveonthisandotherthingsintheroboticsindustry,thefactofthematteristhatthemodern-dayuseofroboticsisalreadyfuturistic.

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Developingahumanoidrobothaslongsincecapturedthehumanimaginationandwillbethecontinuedfocusinthefutureofrobotics.Scientistssaytherearetwoobstaclestocreatingarobotwithhumanorsuper-humanintelligence:

visionandprocessingsensoryinformation."Itisalmostimpossibletopredictwhenmachineswillbecomeascleverashumans,"admitsRonaldArkin,aroboticsexpertattheMobileRobotLaboratoryinAtlanta,Georgia."Althoughworkinmagneticresonanceimagingholdsgreatpromise,researcherscannowwatchareasofthebrainlightupasindividualscarryoutspecificmentaltasks.Whenwehavethatknowledge,wecanpassitontocomputers."

Motorvehicleproductionisoneareawhereroboticsautomationisalreadybeingused.Yetimagineaworldwherewecanread,haveaglassofwine,talkfreelyonourcellphonesortakeanapwhileourpersonalautomobiledrivesitselffromourworkplacetoourdoorstep.Orperhapswe'llabandonthewheeledprototypesaltogetherandkickbackinourpersonalflyingcarlikenumeroussciencefictionfilmspredict.Sohowfararewefromsuchafuture?

Well,in2007,theUSDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectAgencyhad83roboticsystemvehiclesdrivingthrougha60-mileurbancourse,navigatingaroundothervehicles,pedestriansandobstacles;allwithoutincident.Justthreeyearsago,roboticvehiclescouldn'tevendrivestraightacrossthewide-opendesertwithoutcrashing."Theroboticsindustryisdevelopinginmuchthesamewaythecomputerbusinessdidthirtyyearsago,"MicrosoftfounderBillGatesobserved.

Sowhatisinstoreforthefutureofroboticsintheworkplace?

TheUSmilitaryisoneofthebiggestdonatorstoroboticresearch,astheyhopetoreplacehumanliveswithroboticsautomation,reducingourcasual