新高考高三英语阅读专练含答案精析.docx
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新高考高三英语阅读专练含答案精析.docx
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新高考高三英语阅读专练含答案精析
2020年新高考高三英语阅读专练(含答案精析)
A
Mumbai’schefswerequicktospotthelatestthreatfacingIndia’seconomy.AstheysearchedforingredientsinCrawfordmarket,wherevendorssellfruit,vegetablesandotherkitchenstaples,theybeganhearingpricesquotednotperkilogram,butperquarter-kilo—awayattemptingtomaskpriceincreases.Returningfromarecentshoppingactivity,onechefcheckedofftheitemsrisingsharplyinprice:
tomatoes,cabbages,fish,spices—almosteveryingredient,infact,intheIndiancookbook.
Thevendorshadsomeplausibleexcuses.Theweatherhasbeenchangeable,anddeliverysystemsunreliable.Butalthoughanincreaseininflation(通货膨胀)waswidelyforeseen,theseverityofitwasnot.Consumerpricesrosebyover7.3%inDecember,comparedwithayearearlier,thebiggestjumpsinceJuly2014.
Variousdifficultieswillcomplicatethegovernment’seffortstofightaneconomicslowdown.India’sGDPgrewbyonly4.5%inthethirdquartercomparedwithayearearlier.Thatfigurewouldhavebeenaslowas3.1%wereitnotforahurriedgovernment-spendingactivity.ButanyincreaseindemandcouldpromptanoffsettingresponsefromtheReserveBankofIndia(RBI),thecentralbank.Itmaychoosetoextendedstagnation(停滞)soastoavoidtheugliersceneryofstagflation(滞胀).
Stagflationusuallybeginswithasetbacktosupply,suchasIndia’sunseasonalrains.Thesemisfortunesbothloweroutputandliftcosts.Butoncepriceshaveincreasedsufficientlytoreflecttheshortsupply,theyshouldinprinciplestoprising.SomeeconomistsexpectinflationtobeginfallingassoonasFebruary.Afterall,coreinflation,whichexcludesfoodandfuelprices,remainsbelow4%.
Theproblemisthatbeforeinflationdisappears,Indiansmaystartbelievingitwillstay,makingitmorelikelytopersist.TheRBI’sinflation-targetingframework,whichwasadoptedin2015,wassupposedtofightthistendency.Buttheframeworkhas“yettobefullytested”,accordingtoarecentlecturebyRaghuram,theformerRBIgovernorwhointroducedit.
1.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph1?
A.Togiveadviceonhowtobuycheapingredients.
B.Tomakeanexplanationforpriceincreases.
C.Toleadtothetopicbypresentinganexample.
D.ToemphasizethehardlifeofIndianchefs.
2.What’sthepossibleGDPgrowthrateofIndiawithoutthegovernmentspending?
A.4.5%.B.7.3%.C.3.1%.D.4%.
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutinflation-targetingframework?
A.Thisframeworkwasbelievedtocontroltheinflation.
B.Thisframeworkhasbeentestedtobeeffective.
C.ThisframeworkwasintroducedbytheformerRBIgovernor.
D.Thisframeworkwasadoptedin2015.
【答案】1~3CCB
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,说明印度国内的通货膨胀问题。
1.推理判断题。
第一段讲述孟买厨师在市场上买菜发现涨价,从而引申出本文主题经济通货膨胀。
故选C。
2.细节理解题。
根据第三段第三句“Thatfigurewouldhavebeenaslowas3.1%wereitnotforahurriedgovernment-spendingactivity.”得知,如果没有政府支出刺激消费,GDP增长率可能只有3.1%,故选C。
3.细节理解题。
根据最后一段第三句“Buttheframeworkhas“yettobefullytested””得知,该框架的有效性还没有完全得到证实,因此B项说法错误,故选B。
【词汇积累】
vendor[ˈvɛndə]n.小贩
plausible[ˈplɔːzɪb(ə)l]adj.貌似合理的
severity[sɪˈvɛrɪti]n.严重,严厉
【句法剖析】
1.AstheysearchedforingredientsinCrawfordmarket,wherevendorssellfruit,vegetablesandotherkitchenstaples,theybeganhearingpricesquotednotperkilogram,butperquarter-kilo—awayattemptingtomaskpriceincreases.
句意:
他们在(孟买)克劳福德市场上寻找食材,那里的小贩们出售水果、蔬菜和其他厨房必需品时,报价不是按每公斤卖,而是按半斤,企图掩饰价格上涨。
此句的主句在最后半句theybeganhearingpricesquoted;主句前含有as引导的时间状语从句及where引导的修饰先行词Crawfordmarket的定语从句,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语;主句后not...but...(不是……而是……)是并列连词词组;而破折号起解释说明的作用。
注意积累短语attempttodosth.“企图做某事”。
2.TheRBI’sinflation-targetingframework,whichwasadoptedin2015,wassupposedtofightthistendency.
句意:
印度央行在2015年采用的通胀目标框架本应对抗这一趋势。
此句主干为TheRBI’sinflation-targetingframeworkwassupposedtofightthistendency,中间部分是which引导的定语从句,修饰TheRBI’sinflation-targetingframework且which在定语从句中做主语。
注意积累短语besupposedtodosth.“应该做某事”。
B
‘LeavingEmotionalBaggageattheDoor’HasTotallyChangedClassroom
ThisOklahomateacherisbeingpraisedforteachingherstudentsapowerfulemotionallessonthattheywillnotsoonforget.
KarenLoewehasbeenteachingseventhandeighthgradestudentsfor22years,buthermostrecentdayinclasswasapparentlythemostimpactfuldayofhereducationalcareer.Shedecidedtotryanewexerciseinempathy①withherstudents.Uponestablishingthatherclassroomwasasafespaceforexpressionandrespect,sheaskedwhatemotionalbaggagemeanttoherstudents.Shethenaskedthemtowriteaboutsomeemotionalbaggageoftheirown—andsincetheywerenotrequiredtoputtheirnamesonthepaper,theycoulddescribetheirissuesasfreelyastheywantedwithoutbeingidentifiedcalled“TheBaggageActivity”.
Theyoungsterswerethenaskedtotaketurnsreadingwhattheirclassmateswrote,andallofthemweregiventheopportunitytoidentifythemselvesasthepersonresponsibleforthewriting.
“I’mheretotellyou,Ihaveneverbeensomovedtotearsaswhatthesekidsopenedupandaboutandsharedwiththeclass,”LoewewroteinaFacebookpost.“Thingslikesuicide,parentsinprison,andonandon.“Thekidswhoreadthepaperswouldcrybecausewhattheywerereadingwastough.Thepersonwhosharedwouldcrysometimestoo.Itwasanemotionallydraining②day,butIfirmlybelievemykidswilljudgealittleless,lovealittlemore,andforgivealittlefaster.”
Sincewritingaboutherexerciseonsocialmedia,herposthasbeensharedmorethan500,000times;teachersfromallovertheworldhavereachedouttoheraboutimplementing③similaractivitiesintheirownclassrooms;andherstudentshaveapparentlybeen“somuchmorerespectful”ofeachother.
“Theydon’tinterruptortalkdowntoeachother,”shetoldTODAY.“They’renotrude.It’scompletely,completelychangedhowtheytreateachother…IwishIwouldhavedonethisyearsago.It’sbeensogood.”
Furthermore,Loewemadesuretokeepallthepaperconfessions④inaplasticbagsothatherstudentswon’tsoonforgettheirexerciseinempathy.“Thisbaghangsbymydoortoremindthemthatweallhavebaggage,”LoeweconcludedinherFacebookpost.“Wewillleaveitatthedoor.Astheyleft,Itoldthemtheyarenotalone,theyareloved,andwehaveeachother’sback.”
【新词积累】
empathy[ˈempəθi]n.同感;共鸣;同情
draining['dreɪnɪŋ]adj.使枯竭的;使疲惫的v.排水;使枯竭;逐渐消失
implement[ˈɪmplɪment]v.执行;实施使生效;贯彻;n.工具;器具
confession[kənˈfeʃn]n.自白,忏悔,告解;供认;表白
【金句赏析】
1.Thekidswhoreadthepaperswouldcrybecausewhattheywerereadingwastough.
读那些纸条的孩子会哭,因为他们读得时候很艰难。
2.Astheyleft,Itoldthemtheyarenotalone,theyareloved,andwehaveeachother’sback.
当他们离开时,我告诉他们,他们并不孤单,他们无时无刻被人关爱着,我们互相支持。
【全文翻译】
“把情感包袱留在门口”彻底改变了课堂
这位俄克拉荷马州的老师因向她的学生传授了他们不会很快忘记的令人印象深刻的情感课而受到赞誉。
KarenLoewe教七年级和八年级的学生已经22年了,但她最近一天的课堂显然是她教育生涯中影响深远的一天。
她决定试着用一种新的方法来体谅她的学生。
在确定她的教室是一个表达和尊重的安全空间后,她问学生们的情感包袱意味着什么。
然后,她让他们写下自己的一些情感包袱,由于他们不需要把自己的名字写在纸上,他们可以畅所欲言地描述自己的问题,而不用担心被认出来。
这称为“情感包袱活动”。
然后,这些年轻人被要求轮流阅读他们的同学写的东西,所有这些人都有机会确认自己是负责写作的人。
Loewe在Facebook上的一篇文章中写道:
“我来告诉你们的,我从来没有像这些孩子敞开心扉、互相倾诉并与全班同学分享的那样感动得流泪。
比如自杀,父母坐牢等等事情。
”“读那些纸条的孩子会哭,因为他们读得时候很艰难。
分享的人有时也会哭。
这是一个让人心力交瘁的日子,但我坚信我的孩子们将学会少评判一些,多爱一些,并且更快地原谅别人。
”
自从在社交媒体上发表关于她的这次活动的文章以来,她的帖子被转发了超过500,000次;来自世界各地的老师都主动联系她,以在自己的教室中开展类似的活动;她的学生之间显然“更尊重彼此”。
她告诉《今日报》:
“他们不会打断对方,也不会用高人一等的口气说话。
他们很礼貌。
这一切彻底地改变了他们彼此之间的相处方式……我真希望我能在几年前做到这一点。
这太好了。
”
此外,Loewe确保把所有的纸条保存在一个塑料袋里,这样她的学生就不会很快忘记他们在同理心活动。
Loewe在她的Facebook帖子中总结道:
“这个塑料袋就挂在我的教室门口,提醒学生大家都有情感包袱。
”“我们将其留在门口。
当他们离开时,我告诉他们,他们并不孤单,他们无时无刻被人关爱着,我们互相支持。
”
C
Between1950and2000,GDPperpersoninAmericagrewatanaverageannualrateof2.3%.In2000-2019thatpacefellbyroughlyhalf.Oftenthisslowdown—alsoseeninotherrichcountries—istakenasasignthateconomicpolicyhasfailed,andthatpolicymakersmustinjectstimulusorsomehowrestorecapitalism’slostdynamism.ButforDietrichVollrath,lowgrowthisreasonforcheer.HearguesthatAmerica’sgrowthhasslowedbecausesomuchintheeconomyhasgonesowell.
AbigchunkofAmerica’seconomicadvanceinthe20thcenturywasdrivenbyimprovementsin“humancapital”,thesizeandtheskillsoftheworkforce.In1910onlyatenthofAmericanscompletedhighschool;bythe1970sfour-fifthsweregraduating.Manymorenowgoontocollege.Ababyboomafter1945increasedtheworkforce;womenpiledintopaidworkinthe1970sand1980s.Allthisaddednearlyapercentagepointtoannualper-capitaGDPgrowthfrom1950-2000.Sincethen,however,humancapitalhasshrunk,reducinggrowthby0.2percentagepointsayear.Itisthechiefreasonbehindtheslowdown.
Humancapitalstartedshrinking,Mr.Vollrathshows,fortwomainreasons.First,morepeopleretiredasthepopulationaged.Second,theaveragelevelofeducationstoppedrisingquickly.YoungerAmericansenteringtheworkforcearestillmoreeducatedonaverage.
Thesetrends,heargues,arebothlinkedtosomethinggood:
womenarechoosingtohavefewerchildren.Thatinturnreflectsthefactthattheyarericherandhavemorecontrolovertheirfertility.
Neitherphysicalnorhumancapitalexplainstherestofthegrowthslowdown.Itcomesfromwhateconomistscall“totalfactorproductivity”(TFP).SlowingTFPgrowthisoftentakenasasignthattechnologicalprogresshasdriedup.Mr.Vollrathsuggestsanothercause:
economicactivityhasshiftedtowardsserviceindustries,whereproductivitygainsarehardertoachieve.
1.ForVollrath,whatdoesthelowgrowthofGDPperpersonmean?
A.Economymayhavedevelopedwell.
B.Policiesmadebythecountrymaybeineffective.
C.Policiesshouldbemadetostimulatetheeconomy.
D.Policymakersshouldrestoretheeconomicdynamism.
2.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTexplainthegrowthof“humancapit
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