英国文学史笔记总结部分Word格式文档下载.docx
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英国文学史笔记总结部分Word格式文档下载.docx
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ThemainliterarycontributionofthisperiodistheEpic,anditsmasterpieceisthenationalepicTheSongofBeowul,fwhichisalongpoemof3182linesaboutthedeedsoftheTeutonic条顿)heroBeowulfinthe6thcentury.ItistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguageandtheoldestsurvivingepicinAnglo-Saxonliterature.
2)TheAnglo-NormanPeriod/MiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485)
TheliteratureofthisperiodisgreatlyinfluencedbytheNormanConquest(1066).Aftertheconquest,thecustomsandidealsknownaschivalrywasintroducedbytheNormansintoEnglandandcanbereflectedinliterature,suchastheknightlycode,theromanticinterestinwomen,tendernessandreverencepaidtoVirginMaryetc..TheprevailingformofliteratureintheFeudalEnglandwasRomance传(奇,骑士文学).
ThemostfamousRomancewasSirGawainandtheGreenKnigh.t
㈠DefinitionsofLiteraryTerms
1.Couplet对句):
acoupletistwoconsecutivelinesofpoetrythatrhyme.
2.Iambicpentameter:
eachlinehasfivefeetofiambs;
ineachfoot,thereisanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.
3.HeroicCouplet(英雄偶句/双韵体):
twoconsecutivelinesofrhymedpoetryiniambicpentameter.(aniambicpentametercouplet).TheformwasintroducedintoEnglishbyGeoffreyChaucerandwaswidelyusedsubsequently,reachingaheightofpopularityintheworksofAlexanderPope.
4.BlankVerse无韵体,素体诗):
unrhymediambicpentameter.
5.Epic(史诗):
Alongnarrativepoemontheadventuresandgreatdeedsofheroes.
6.Framestory:
anarrativethatprovidestheframeworkwithinwhichanumberofdifferentstories,whichmayormaynotbeconnected,canbetold.(TheCanterburyTalesisacollectionofstoriesinaframestory)
7.Romance:
Ataleinverse,embodyingthelifeandadventuresofknightsT.hecontentofRomancewasusuallyaboutlove,chivalryandreligion.
㈡GeoffreyChaucer(about1340—1400)杰弗里?
乔叟TheFounder(Father)ofEnglishpoetry”
ALondonerofbourgeoisorigin,themostimportantandinfluentialpoetinmedievalEngland,establishedEnglishasacourtlylanguage.Geoffreys'
Chaucer'
sworksareoftencategorizedinthreechronologicalperiods(theFrenchperiod,theItalianperiodandtheEnglishperiod).
I.Chaucer'
sContributions
1.HeintroducedfromFrenchthe“heroiccouplet”toEnglishpoetry.
2.HeisthefirstimportantpoettowriteinthecurrentEnglishlanguage.
3.ChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.
n.GeoffreyChaucersfamouswork:
TheCanterburyTales(1387—1400)《坎特伯雷集》anunfinishedseriesofstoriestoldbyagroupofpilgrims(about29),whocamefromalllayersofsociety(aknight,aprioress,aplowman,amerchant,aclerk,thewifefromBath,etc.),journeyingfromLondontotheshrineofSt.ThomasBecketatCanterbury.“TheGeneralPrologue”toldusChaucerintendedthateachpilgrimshouldtelltwotalesonthewaytoCanterburyandtwotalesonthewayback.ButChaucerhadactuallycompletedonly23stories.Scholarsareuncertainabouttheorderofthetales,anTdheCanterburyTaleshasbeenpasseddowninseveralhandwrittenmanuscripts.
川.Otherworks:
1)TheFrenchperiod(to1372):
BookofDuchess(1369)《公爵夫人之书》
2)TheItalianperiod(1372—1385):
HouseofFame(1379—1384)《声誉之宫》TheParliamentofFowls(1377—1382)《百鸟会议》TheLegendofGoodWomen《贤妇传说》TroilusandCriseyde(1382—1385)《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》
3)TheEnglishperiod(1387—1400):
TheCanterburyTales(1387—1400)Chapter2LiteratureofEnglishRenaissanc(e1485—1616)
TheRenaissanceasaculturalmovementembracedallWesternEuroperoughlythth
fromthe14thcenturytothe17thcentury.ItfirstspranginFlorenceofItalyandthenspreadtotherestofEurope(toGermanyandSpainandEngland).
“Renaissanc”e,Frenchfor“rebirth”,referstotherevivalofinterestinancientRomanandGreekculture.
Duringthisperiod,theclassicalartsandlearningwerediscoveredagainandwidelystudied,sothetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(RomanandGreek)artsandlearningafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism,italsomarkedthebeginningofbourgeoisrevolution.
IntheRenaissanceperiod,scholarsandeducatorscalledthemselveshumanistsandbegantoemphasizethecapacitiesofthehumanmindandtheachievementsofhumanculture,incontrasttothemedievalemphasisonGodandcontemptforthethingsofthisworld.SohumanismbecamethekeynoteoftheEnglishRenaissance.AndthegreatesthumanistisThomasMore,theauthorofUtopia.TherepresentativesinliteratureareShakespeareandBacon.Theformerhasthegreatestcontributionindramaandsonnetswhilethelatter'
essaysarecondensedandwitty.
代表人物:
1)ThomasMore(1478—1535)托马斯?
莫尔Utopia乌托邦
2)ThomasWyatt托马斯?
怀亚特HeintroducedsonnetintoEnglishliterature引入十四行诗的第一人
sonnet(十四行诗):
formofpoetryintricatelyrhymed(间隔押韵)in14linesiambicpentameter
3)EdmundSpenser(1522—1599)埃德蒙?
斯宾塞“thepoet'
spoet(诗”人中的诗人)
Englishpoetwhoselongallegoricalpoem(寓言性浪漫史诗)TheFaerieQueene《仙后》isoneofthegreatestintheEnglishlanguage.ItwaswritteninwhatcametobecalledtheSpenserianstanza.
Spenserianstanza:
Anine-linestanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:
ababbcbcc.Thefirsteightlinesarewritteniniambicpentameter.Thelastlineiswritteniniambichexameter
4)ChristopherMarlowe(1564—1593)克里斯托弗?
马洛“themostgifted
writeroftheUniversityWits”“theforerunnerofEnglishdrama”“The
FatherofEnglishTragedy”(one-mantragedy)Thegreatestpioneerof
Englishdramawhomadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.
blankverse(无韵体:
不押韵的五步抑扬格)是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
5)FrancisBacon(1561—1626)弗兰西斯?
培根
thefirstEnglishessayistthefatheroftheEnglishessay
AnEnglishphilosopher,essayistandstatesman,isarepresentativeoftheEnglishRenaissance.Asaliteraryfigure,heplayedacentralroleinthedevelopmentofEnglishessay;
whileasthefatherofEmpiricism,helaidthefoundationformodernscienceinEngland.
BaconsmainworksincluddieAdvancementofLearning学术的推进》(1605),
NewInstrument《新工具》(1620),NewAtlantic*新大西岛》(1627)andEssays《论说文集》(1597).
6)SirPhilipSidney(155X1586)菲利普?
西德尼Anoutstandinglyricalandepicpoet
7)JohnLylyGreatpopularitywaswonbyhisnoveEuphues(《尤弗伊斯》)
whichgaverisetoanaffectedstyleofcourtspeechcalled尤弗伊uphuism”(
体/绮丽体)
8)WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)威廉?
莎士比亚
Shakespeareisnotofanage,butforalltime.—BenJohnsonOneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetstheworldhaseverknown.Hecontributed154sonnets,37(38?
)plays,and2longnarrativepoemstotheliterarylegacyoftheworld.
WilliamShakespearesworks:
Fourgreatcomedies四大喜剧):
AMidsummerNightsDream《仲夏夜之梦》;
TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》;
TwelfthNight《第十二夜》;
Asyoulikeit《皆大欢喜》.
Fourgreattragedies(四大悲剧):
Hamlet(1601)《哈姆雷特》;
Othello(1604)
《奥赛罗》KingLear(1605)《李尔王》;
Macbeth(1605)《麦克白》Sonnet:
Afourteen-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.
1.ItoriginatedfromItaly.ThomasWyattintroducedittoEnglishinthe16thcentury.
2.Sonnethastwotypes:
(1)TheItaliansonnet(Petrarchansonnet(PetrarchisanItalianpoetinthe14thcentury.)
(2)TheEnglishorShakespeareansonnet
莎士比亚十四行诗(TheShakespeareansonnet)的节律是五音步抑扬格。
全诗包括三个四行组和一个两行组,韵脚按ababcdcdefefgg
排列,称为莎士比亚式”,伊丽莎白式”或英国式”。
意式(彼特拉克式)十四行诗仃hePetrarchansonnet的格式,即包括一个八行
节(octave)和一个六行节(sestet,韵脚按abbaabbacdecdeChapter3Literatureofthe17thcentury
The17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuousperiodsinEnglishhistory.ItwasaperiodwhenabsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandandthebourgeoisiecouldnolongerbeartheswayoflandednobility.Thecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandthebourgeoisiehadreacheditspeakandresultedinarevolutionaryoutburst.
The17th-centuryliteraturewasgreatlyinfluencedbythebourgeoisierevolutionagainstmonarchy.ThepoliticallytempestuousperiodmadetheliteratureoneofconfusioninthePuritanAge.Thegreatestrepresentativesofthisperiodarethe
“ThreeJohns”:
JohnMilton,JohnDonne,therepresentativeoftheMetaphysicalSchoolandJohnBunyan,agreatprosewriter.
JohnDonne约翰邓恩(1572-1631)
JohnDonneisthemostoutstandingoftheEnglishMetaphysicalPoe英国玄学派诗人)todayandveryinfluentialuponmodernwriters;
athistime,Donnewasapreacherfamousforhismagnificentsermons.
1.Earlyworks(writtenbefore1600,55lovepoems)
SongsandSonnets:
TheFlea《跳蚤》Song《歌》WomansConstancy^女人的忠贞》AValediction:
ofWeeping《别离辞:
谈哭泣》AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning《别离辞莫悲伤》
2.Religiouspoemsandsermons
MetaphysicalPoetry:
ThepoetryofJohnDonneandotherseventeenth-century
poetswhowroteinasimilarstyle.Metaphysicalpoetryischaracterizedbyverbalwit(巧智),ingeniousstructure,irregularmeter,colloquiallanguage,elaborateimagery,andadrawingtogetherofdissimilarideas.
Conceit(奇喻):
Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlinglydifferentthings.
Thespeakerusestheconceittocomparetheirinseparablerelationshiptothecompasseswhosetwolegsareseparatedonthetwo-dimension
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