非谓语动词专题.docx
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非谓语动词专题.docx
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非谓语动词专题
非谓语动词专题
不定式的用法:
1.作主语;不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
Toseeistobelieve.
It’srighttogiveupsmoking.
2.作表语;Myjobistohelpthepatient.
3.作宾语;有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语,如:
afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。
4.作宾补;动词不定式作动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等感官动词以及have,let,make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时,不定式to符号要省略。
但如果这些句子变成被动结构时,就必须带to符号。
如:
Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.
Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.
注意:
动词不定式在介词but后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
另外,在can’tchoosebut和can’thelpbut等后面的不定式也省略to。
如;
Wecoulddonothingbutwait.
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
5.作定语;1).作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如:
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
如:
Hehadnoandnoplacetolive.
Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem.
2).当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。
试比较:
Haveyouanythingtosend?
/Haveyouanythingtobesent?
3).不定式作定语的几种情况:
a.作后置定语可表将来:
Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.
b.用来修饰被序数词,最高级等限定的中心词:
Hewasthebestmantodothejob.
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
c.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:
ability,chance,idea,fact,answer,reply,attempt等。
如:
DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?
Ihavenochancetogosightseing.
6.作状语;表目的,原因,结果或条件。
如:
Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(结果)
Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(条件)
在某些形容词作表语,表示喜,怒,哀,乐后跟不定式表原因。
如:
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.
在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Sheistootiredtodothejob.
注意:
目的状语还可以用inorderto或soasto来表示但soasto不能置于句首。
7.作独立成分;如:
Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.
Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.
不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语,宾语等。
如:
Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)
Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.(主语)
Myquestionwashowtogetsomanybooks.(表语)
注意句型:
Whynotdosth.?
Whydosth.?
●
●不定式的主动(todo)和被动(tobedone)
判断不定式是主动还是被动,关键看不定式中的动词与主句的主语之间的关系,主动即用“todo”,被动即用“tobedone”;如果与主句主语之间没有关系,则看其与逻辑主语之间的关系,如果是被动,则用“tobedone”.试比较:
1)Ihavesomeclothestowash,soIcan’tgooutnow.(自己洗衣服)
2)Areyoufreenow?
Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.(叫别人洗衣服)
3)Therearefivepairs(foryou)tochoosefrom.(暗含主语you)
●不定式的时态
todo/tobedoing/tohavedone
Hepretendedtobereadingabookwhenshewentin.(动作正在进行)
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)
●不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复,可以用来代替前面的不定式,这种情况常出现在下列动词后:
expect,prefer,care,mean,forget,want,wish,hope,try以及beglad/happy;wouldlike/love等后。
Ihave’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.
----Areyouonholiday?
----No,butI’dliketobe.
----Ididn’ttellhimthenews.
----Oh,yououghttohave.
动词-ing形式的用法(过去分词):
1.动词-ing形式作主语
Seeingisbelieveing.
Tom’scomingiswhatwehaveexpected.
-ing或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用-ing作主语
It’snouse/good+doingsth./It’soflittleuse/good+doingsth.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.
2.动词-ing形式作表语
Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.
3.动词-ing形式作宾语
以下动词或动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语:
admit,appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),delay,enjoy,imagine,suggest,finish,mind,practise,resist,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,stickto,getdownto等。
注意:
1).有些动词或动词词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
如:
forgettodo/doing;remember;regret;try;mean;stop;goon;can’thelp等。
2).在动词等动词后直接跟动词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth./sbtodosth.
3).need,want,require其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。
如:
Sth.need/requie/wantdoing=tobedone
Sth.beworthdoing
Sth.beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone
4.动词-ing形式作定语(过去分词作定语)
前置定语:
Heaskedanembarrassingqueation.
后置定语:
Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.
=Alittlechildwholearnstowalkoftenfalls.
注意:
动词-ing和过去分词的区别---现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行,过去分词表示被动含义或动作已经完成。
如:
fallingleaves/fallenleaves
boilingwater/boiledwater
apuzzlinglook/apuzzledlook
Thoseinvitingmetoattendthemeetingaremyfriends.
=Thosewhoinvitemetoattendthemeetingaremyfriends.
Thoseinvitedtothemeetingareallthetopleadersfromdifferentcountries.
=Thosewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareallthetopleadersfromdifferentcountries.
5.动词-ing形式作状语(过去分词作状语)
分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,行为方式,伴随状况等。
表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。
如:
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Followedbysomeofficials,theleaderinspectedhisarmy.
Followingtheirteacher,thestudentswentintotheclassroom.
Beingsick,Istayedathome.
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentontowatchTV.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.
Hesatinthearmchair,readingthenewspaper.
Nothearingfromhim,Igivehimaphonecall.
Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedtousconstantly.
●现在分词和过去分词的时态与语态
一般式doing/done
完成式havingdone/havingbeendone
进行式beingdone
否定式是not+分词短语
●独立成分作状语
有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。
常见的有:
Generallyspeaking,
Franklyspeaking,
Judgingfrom/by,
Considering,
Given,
非谓语动词专题练习
1. Acookwillbeimmediatelyfriedifheisfound__inthekitch.
AsmokeBsmokingCtosmokeDsmoked
2. Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillssurely___thereaders.
Ainterested;interestB.interesting;beinterested
Cinterested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest
3. Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto____.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.caughtthethief
C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
4. Generallyspeaking,_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken
5. Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
6. Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed____.
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
7. Thereappeareda_______lookonherfaceonhearingtheunexpectednews.
A.worryingB.worriedC.worryD.worries
8. Haveyoucheckedallthegoods______tothemedicalworkersnextweek?
A.sentB.beingsentC.sendingD.tobesent
9. HechosetheChristmaspresentscarefully,_____allthefamilymembersextremelyatlast.
A.satisfiedB.tobesatisfyingC.satisfyingD.wassatisfied
10. Tomiscoming.Withhim______me,I’msureIwillfinishtheworkontime.
A. helpingB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped
11.ThemangeroftherestaurantwasnamedSmithand____back,Irealizedthathewasn’tagoodrestaurant.
A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.look
12._______good,thefoodwassoonsoldout.
A.TasteB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.Havingtasted
13.Thewayshethoughtof_______enoughmoneywastosellherhair.
A.gettingB.togetC.forgettingD.andgot
14.________enoughpreparation,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
A.Wedidn’tmakeB.HavingnotmadeC.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade
15.Ifthebuildingproject______bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,the
constructioncompany_______fined.
A.willbecompleted;istobeB.tobecompleted;willbe
C.beingcompleted;willbeD.completed;was
16.Heissaid______anewcomputerprogramrecently,butIdon’tknowwhenhewillfinishit.
A.todesignB.tobedesigningC.tobedesignedD.tohavedesigned
17.Withalotofproblemsconsidered______,theprincipaldecidedtoholdameetingtohaveathoroughdiscussionaboutthem.
A.tosolveB.hadbeensolvedC.solvingD.beingsolved
18.------willyougototheparty?
-------ofcourse,Iwillif____.
A.IwasinvitedB.invitedC.havinginvitedD.Iwillbeinvited
19.CouldyoushowmetheTVsetyouwant______?
A.tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.itrepaired
20.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.
A. catchingB.tocatchC.havingcaughtD.tohavecaught
21.Mostofthepeople________tothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.beinginvitedB.invitingC.invitedD.havingbeeninvited
22.______fromthemoon,ourearthwithwater______20%ofitssurface,appearsasablueball.
A.Seen;coveredB.Seeing;coveringC.Seen;coveringD.Tosee;tocover
23.Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirst_____andthelast_____.
A.tocome;toleaveB.coming;leavingC.comes;leavesD.come;leave
24._____herpicturebook______openonthechair,Marywentoutforlunch.
A.Leaving;layB.Leaving;lyingC.Left;lyingD.Left;laid
25Thetraveler___onthehillside______atthesunrising.
A.stand;andlookB.standing;lookedC.standing;tolookD.stands;look
26.Thelecture_______willbegiventhedayaftertomorrow.
A. hasbeentalkedabout
B. totalkabout
C. somuchtalkedabout
D. somuchtalkingabout
27.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_______inbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed
28.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute________.
A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled
29.ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_____trouble.
A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
30.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonex
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