直接引语和间接引语.docx
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直接引语和间接引语.docx
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直接引语和间接引语
间接引语时常改变进态,因为原来讲的话与转述这些话之间有一段时间间隔。
使用间接引语主要是为了简洁、紧凑地把话内容转述给第三者。
一.直接引语
1.一字不改地引述别人的话,叫直接引语。
必须都用引号
‘IneverworkonSundays,’Shesaid.
‘我星期日从不工作,’她说。
二、间接引语
说话人用自已的话转述别人的话,叫间接引再语。
间接引语需要由动词引述。
因此这种动词称为引述动词
如saytellask等
tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语(tellsb….),
而say后面则可跟或不跟to+讲话对象
比较:
Hetellsme/saystomethathe’sverybusy.
他说他很忙
1.当引述动词为现在或将来时态,间接引语的时态不变:
Hesays,‘I’mtired.’
他说:
‘我累了。
’(直接引语)
Hesaysheistired.
他说他累了。
(间接引语)
2.直接引语变间引语,其谓语动词时态变化规则如下:
当引述动词为过去时态,直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语时态则一般应作相应变化,即时态呼应:
一般现在时变成/一般过去时。
现在进行时变成/过去进行时。
现在完成时变成/过去完成时。
①一般现在时,变为一般过去时
Hesaid,‘IneverworkonSundays.’
他说,‘我星期日从来不工作。
’(直接引语为一般现在时)
HesaidheneverworkedonSundays.
他说他星期天从不工作。
(间接引语变为一般过去时)
②现在进行时,变为过去进行时
Shesaid,‘he’swaiting.’
她说;他在等待
Shesaidthathewaswaiting.
她说他在等待。
③现在完成时,变为过去完成时
Jacksaid,‘I’vemovedtoanotherflat.’
杰克说:
‘我搬到了另一套公寓里。
’
Hesaidthatshehadmovedtoanotherflat.
他说他搬到了另一套公寓里。
一般过去时变为/过去完成时。
过去完成时则不变,仍是过去完成时。
一般过去时,变为过去完成时
Hesaid,‘Itookithomewithme.’
他说:
‘我把它带回家了。
’
Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.
他说他把它带回家了。
一般将来时变为/过去将来时。
将来进行时变为过去将来进行时。
将来完成时变为/过去将来完成时。
①一般将来时,变为过去将来时
‘whereareyougoing?
’heasked.
‘你们要到哪儿去?
’他问。
Heaskeduswhereweweregoing.
他问我们要到哪儿去。
过去进行时,变为过去完成进行时或不变
‘Iwaswaitingforhoursbeforeyouarrived,’hetoldjack.
‘在你来之前我等你好长时间了’他告诉杰克。
Hetoldjackthathehadbeenwaitingforhoursbeforeshearrived.
他告诉杰克在在他来之前他已经等了好长时间了。
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题
(1)
将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词:
1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat.
2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.
5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______mettheday______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.
8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
”
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
”heasked.
Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.
13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.
He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.
14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.
Shetoldme___________________himthenews.
15.“Areyouintestedinthis?
”hesaid.
He____________Iwasinterestdin______.
【参考答案】
1.he,ate 2.told,had,found,his
3.she,had,taken 4.rise,goes
5.told,had,before 6.had,there
7.had,before 8.asked,if[whether],before
9.told,could 10.how,she,had
11.where,I,had,those 12.if[whether],I,lived
13.told,to,stop 14.not,to,tell
15.asked,if[whether],that
1.Hesaid:
“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”
2.Shesaid:
“Hewillbebusy.”
3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?
”
4.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?
”
5.Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?
”
6.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”
7.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”
8.Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
9.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”
10.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
11.Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’
12.Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.
13.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”
14.Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”
15.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.
16.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”
17.Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18.Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”
19.Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”
20.Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”
21.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?
”theyoungmanasked.
22.“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.
23.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.
24.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?
”Maryaskedme.
25.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?
”theoldmanaskedmybrother.
附答案:
1.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.
2.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.
3.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.
4.Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.
5.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.
6.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.
7.ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.
8.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
9.Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.
10.Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.
11.Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.
12.Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.
13.Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.
14.HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.
15.Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.
16.Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.
17.Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately.
18.Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.
19.ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.
20.Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow
21.TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived.
22.Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.
23.Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
24.Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.
25.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.
巩固练习:
1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
A.bring B.brought C.bring D.tobring
2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
A.notplay B.nottoplay C.played D.playing
3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
A.Doyouknowhow B.Whydoyouknow C.Howyouknowwhy D.Doyouknowwhy
4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
A.whatitis B.itiswhat C.howitis D.itishow
5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.
A.nottocome B.nottogo C.tonotcome D.tonotgo
6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
A.weatherthemoongoes B.thatthemoonwent
C.whetherthemoongoes D.whetherthemoonwent
7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
A.asked;take B.asked;taking C.told;take D.told;totake
8.Sheaskedhim____.
A.whosedictionarythisis B.whosedictionarythatwas
C.whosedictionaryisthis D.whosedictionarythatis
9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.
A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomework
C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework
10.Doyouknow____?
A.whatishedoing B.whathedoing
C.whatheisdoing D.whatdoeshedonow
11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
A.whendidhebegin B.whenhebegan C.hewhenbegan D.whenhebegins
12.Heaskedme____.
A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday
C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday
13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.
A.howexcitedtheywere B.howexcitedwerethey
C.howtheywereexcited D.theywerehowexcited
14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
A.hadbeenseenoff B.haveseenoff C.havebeenseenoff D.hadseenoff
15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?
A.hadyoubeen B.didyougo C.haveyoubeen D.youhavebeen
16.Canyouguess____?
A.whatisthatman B.whothatmanis C.whomthatmanis D.whoisthatman
17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.
A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant
C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis D.howimportantistheforeignlanguage
18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.
A.was;had B.was;hadhad C.is;have D.is;havehad
19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
A.if;ornot B.if;not C.whether;ornot D.whether;not
20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.
A.doeshespendonhiscar B.didhespendonhisca
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