光伏发电外文翻译.docx
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光伏发电外文翻译.docx
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光伏发电外文翻译
附录A英文文献
1.Theworld'scurrentsituationanddevelopmentofphotovoltaicindustryforecast
Solarcellsistheuseofthematerialeffectsofphotovoltaicsolarenergyintoelectricalenergydirectlytothesemiconductordevices,alsoknownasphotovoltaiccells.In1954,thefirstpracticalsiliconsolarcells(η=6%)andthefirstatomicpowerstationatthesametimeintheUnitedStateswasbornin1959intothespacesolarcellapplications,theenergycrisisin1973aftertheapplicationstepbysteptotheground.
Photovoltaicpowergenerationisdividedintoindependentgridphotovoltaicsystemsandphotovoltaicsystems.IndependentPVpowerstation,includingthevillagesinremoteareasthepowersupplysystem,solarhouseholdpowersystem,communications,signalpower,cathodicprotection,suchassolarstreetlampswithbatteriescanrunindependentlyofthephotovoltaicpowergenerationsystem.
GridPVsystemisconnectedwiththepowergridtofeedelectricitygridPVpowersystem.CurrentlytechnicallyachievablegridPVpowersystemintheway:
housingfixed-gridsystemandpowerplantsystemofthedesert.Useoftheexistingroofsystemistheeffectiveareaoftheroofconstruction,installationandnetworkofphotovoltaicpowergenerationsystem,thesizeofafewkWpgenerallyrangingfromseveralMWp.Desertpowerplantisuninhabiteddesertareainthedevelopmentandconstructionoflarge-scalephotovoltaicpowergenerationsystemsandnetworks,thesizeofseveralGWpfromthe10MWpsize.Inrecentyears,therapidincreaseinsolarcellproduction,for8yearsin30%growthin2019,evenmorethantheannualgrowthrateof60percent,reaching1200MW.
2.TheChinesePVmarketandindustrystatus
2.1China'ssolarmarketdevelopment
Chinastartedresearchonsolarcellsin1958,in1971,Chinasuccessfullylaunchedthefirstappliestothe2ndsatelliteDongfanghong.Startedin1973forground-basedsolarcells.China'sphotovoltaicindustryin80yearsagoisstillinembryonicform,theannualproductionofsolarcellshasbeenhoveringbelow10KW,priceisalsoveryexpensive.
Asaresultofrestrictionsonpricesandproduction,marketdevelopmentisveryslow,andapartfrom,asthesatellitepowersupply,onthegroundonlyforlow-powersolarpowersystems,suchasbeaconlights,railwaysignalsystems,weatherstationequipmentalpineelectricity,electricityWaifield,blacklight,fluorescentlamps,suchasDCpowerisnormallyafewwattstotensofwatts.Inthe"65"(1981-1985)and"75"(1986-1990),thecountriesofphotovoltaicPVindustryandtogivesupportforthedevelopmentofthemarket,thecentralandlocalgovernmentsinvestedinthephotovoltaiccertainfunds,makesaveryweaksolarindustryhasbeenconsolidatedandappliedinmanyareasofthemodel,suchasmicrowaverelaystations,communicationssystemunits,gatesandoilpipelinecathodicprotectionsystems,ruralcarriertelephonesystem,smallhouseholdsandvillageswithpowersupplysystemsystems.Atthesametime,"75"period,thedomestichasintroducedfromabroadanumberofsolarcellproductionline,inadditiontotheamorphoussilicon,a1MWbatteryproductionline,theotherissinglecrystalsiliconcellproductionline,makingChina'ssolarcellproductioncapacityincreasedto4.5MWp/years,thepriceisalsofrom"75"early80yuan/Wpdroppedto40yuan/Wparound.
Afterthenineties,withtheshapeofChina'sphotovoltaicindustryandtolowercoststotheindustrialapplicationareasandapplicationofthedevelopmentofruralelectrification,themarketsteadilyexpanding,andareincludedinthenationalandlocalgovernmentplans,suchasTibet"ProjectSunshine""brightwork","AliphotovoltaicprojectinTibet",opticalfibercommunicationpower,oilpipelinecathodicprotection,radioandtelevisioneveryvillage,alarge-scalepromotionofruralhouseholdswithphotovoltaicpowersystems.The21stcentury,particularlyinthelast3yearsof"powertothevillages,"theproject,twobillionstateinvestment,theinstallationof20MW,tosolveourcountry's800townshipswithoutelectricitypower
problemsinChina'sPVmarkettopromoterapid,substantialincreasein.
Atthesametime,griddemonstrationprojectbeganrapiddevelopment,from5kW,10kWto100kWdevelopmentofmorethan1MWExpoinShenzhenin2019andworksasagridPVapplicationsinChinahighlights.Theendof2019,China'stotalinstalledcapacityofphotovoltaicsystemsreachedapproximately65MW.
Shenzhen,Shantou,GuangzhouandZhejiang,solargardenlights,alargenumberofexports,withannualsalesofasmuchas500million.Gardenofthecellsusedareusuallyimported,andthenwithplasticpackaging,simpleprocess.The6MWcellsbyasmuchasayearisalargesolarapplications(whicharenotintostatistics).
2.2China'sstatusoftheindustrializationofsolarcells
AlthoughtherapiddevelopmentofChina'sphotovoltaicindustry,thesizeandtechnologicallevelofindustryhavebeenraisedaccordingly.Butcomparedwithdevelopedcountries,thereisstillabiggap,suchas:
thedegreeofdomesticrawmaterials-specificisnothigh,specieswasincomplete,alreadymadematerialsandcomponents,itsperformanceislowerthanabroad,suchassilver,aluminumpaste,EVA,etc..Packagingcomponentssuedelowironglass,TPThasnotyetbeenputonthemarket.
Theupperreachesofsmallphotovoltaicindustrychain,thelowerreachesoflargeimbalances,themostseriousisthattheproductionofsolargradepolysiliconisblank,entirelydependentonimports.Thedifferencebetweenthepartofotheraspectsoftheneedtoimport,suchascells,siliconingot/silicon,supportingmaterials.
Thelevelofindustrialequipmentdesignandmanufacturingcapabilitiesbehind.Poly-siliconcastingfurnace,wiresawing,breakingcompletelytheneedtoimportingot;PECVDsiliconnitridedepositionequipment,screenprintingpresses,battery-chipsortingmachines,weldingmachinesandotherseriescannotmeettheperformanceneedsofmodernproduction.Thesedeviceswillneedtointroduceafullset,andsoon.
ThesegapswiththeR&Dbaseandweakindustrialbase.Enterprisesthroughtheintroductionofdigestionandabsorptioninashortperiodoftimeamodernphotovoltaicindustry,butsupportingaspecialmaterialsandequipmentalsocannotkeepup,inwhichthesolar-gradepolysiliconmaterialparticularlyconspicuous.Countriesshouldbeorganizedphotovoltaicindustrywithchemical,mechanicalandelectricalequipmentmanufacturingindustriesjointresearch,atthesametimeactivelyseekinginternationalcooperationinsolar-gradesiliconasthebreakthroughpoint,toavoidthetechnologyofsemiconductor-gradesiliconblockade.
3.China'sPVmarketforecastingandplanningproposals
"11,thefive"period,shouldbetheimplementationoftheruraloff-gridphotovoltaicpowergenerationplan,theimplementationofopenterrain(desert)andlarge-scalePVpowerstationnetworkpilotprojects,aswellas"centralcitiesandtheconstructionofphotovoltaicnet"planasapriority.ForthecommercialdevelopmentofPVwillalsobeactivelysupportpoliciesandsupport.
3.1Ruraloff-gridphotovoltaicpowergenerationplans
Thereareabout28,000ofChina'svillages,71million,3,000millionpeoplewithoutelectricity.ThesearethedistributionofthepopulationwithoutelectricityinwesternChinaandanumberofislands,someofwhicharevillageswithoutelectricityusingdieselgeneratorsforpowergeneration,powersupply2-3hoursperday;somedidnotevendieselgeneratorscanonlypointofbutterlamps,kerosenelampandcandlelighting.Theseareaswithoutelectricityhaveawealthofsolarenergyresources,photovoltaicpowergenerationinthisregionhasavastmarketprospect.
Ruralelectricitysupplyproblemhasbeenthroughthe"powertothevillages,"thefundamentalsolutionworks.Therearevillageswithoutelectricityandhouseholdelectricpowersupplyissuesneedtoberesolved.Ifeveryvillagewithoutelectricityinaccordancewiththe10KWp,householdswithoutelectricityinaccordancewitheach400Wpplanning,takingintoaccounttheexpansionofthepowerstationhasbeenbuilt,thepotentialmarketisaround3,000MWp.
Fromthecurrentpolicyofnationalstrengthandperspective,by2019,forthefullsettlementofthewesternregionofmorethan50villageswithoutelectricityand15%ofhouseholdslivingwithoutelectricityelectricityissues2019and-2019years,10,000tosettlethevillagewithoutelectricityand100millionhouseholdswithoutelectricalpowerproblems,theamountofnewphotovoltaic265MWp,accumulatedsolarforruralelectrificationtoreach300MWp.
3.2Opentolarge-scalephotovoltaicpowerplantconstructionandnetwork
Fromthecurrentpolicyofnationalstrengthandperspective,by2019,shouldbeopentocarryoutlarge-scalephotovoltaicpowerplanttests,thetestsitechosenshouldhavethefollowingconditions:
closetothetrunkpowersystem(preferablywithin50kilometers),inordertoreducetheadditionaltransmissionlineofinvestment;backbonegridofsufficientbearingcapacity,inthecaseofnon-modifiedPVpowerstationcapableoftransmissionofelectricity;loadcenterdistanceof100kilometersinordertoreducetransmissionlosses;ifthereisnoelectricitynearloadcenters,thebestlarge-scalehydropower,photovoltaicpowerstationcouldbepumped-storagepowerthroughtheconversion.Planningtoestablishby2019,Block2-3ofabout10-20MWpopento(desertification)pilotdemonstrationpowerplant,withatotalinstalledcapacityreached30MWp,totesttheirtechnicalandeconomicfeasibility.2019-2020opentotheformalstartofChina(de
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