完整版外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题.docx
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完整版外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题.docx
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完整版外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题
小学英语语法及习题
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______sand_____
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day_____ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ man_____sheep ______box_______ thief _______ peach______ wich ______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water_______milk________ rice__________ tea__________strawberry ________
二、一般现在时
(一)一般现在时基本用法介绍
1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:
The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:
I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3、表示客观现实。
如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
(二)一般现在时的构成
1、 be动词:
主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2、行为动词:
主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:
Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
(三)一般现在时的变化
1、 be动词的变化。
否定句:
主语+ be + not +其它。
如:
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:
Be +主语+其它。
如:
-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
Where is my bike?
2、行为动词的变化。
否定句:
主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:
Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:
Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:
Does she go to work by bike?
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
4 、特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
How does your father go to work?
5、动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,
如:
cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,
如:
guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,
如:
study-studies
(四)一般现在时用法专练:
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
drink______start_______
2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday.
3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English?
__________________
2. Does he likes going fishing?
__________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _____________________
5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
(一)现在进行时基本用法介绍
1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为
be+动词ing. 如:
I am watching TV.
3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如:
I am not watching TV.
4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如:
Are you watching TV ?
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
What are you doing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词 + be + 动词ing?
如:
Who is singing there?
(二)动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:
cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,
如:
make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:
停止 stop-stopping游泳swim— swimming 坐下sit— sitting
逐渐变成get— getting 跑run— running 放下Put--- putting
(三)现在进行时专项练习:
1、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make __________go_________ like________ write________ ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance _________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get _________
stop_________ sit ________
2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look!
the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing?
She ________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes?
Yes ,she is .
四、将来时
一、概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:
①be going to + 动词原形;
②will + 动词原形.
三、否定句:
在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
如:
I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→
I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句:
be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
如:
We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →
Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、同义句:
be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow.
= I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:
1、填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛?
我想去打篮球。
What ______ _______ _______________ _________next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What ________ you do next Monday?
I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?
是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________go shopping this _________?
Yes, she ________. She ______ _______________ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
2、改句子
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:
30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:
30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:
30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:
30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she _______ ________ ________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上)
________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ?
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
(yesterday, last year/week.)
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。
(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。
(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:
didn’t +动词原形,
如:
Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:
在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:
Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如:
What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:
疑问词+动词过去式?
如:
Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:
pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:
taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:
study-studied
5. 不规则动词的变化:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got,
go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran,
sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,
drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept,
swim-swam, sit-sat
练习:
写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习
1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
2、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We ________ to the zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park,too. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday?
Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She ____(find) a beautiful butterfly.
3、句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:
______________________________________________
一般疑问句:
__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:
______________________ ___________________
2. They played football in the playground.
否定句:
______________________________________________
一般疑问句:
__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________ ___________________
六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。
人称代词:
I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 it它 they他们
物主代词:
my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 its它的 their他们的
宾格:
me我 us我们 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他们
主格:
I we you she he it they
宾格:
me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:
my our your her his i
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