考研英语真题及解析.docx
- 文档编号:9483835
- 上传时间:2023-05-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:39
- 大小:49.79KB
考研英语真题及解析.docx
《考研英语真题及解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语真题及解析.docx(39页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
考研英语真题及解析
20XX年考研英语真题及解析
20XX年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语
(一)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Redthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)forechnumberedblnkndmrk,B,CorDonNSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Reserchonnimlintelligencelwysmkesuswonderjusthowsmrthumnsre.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedbyCrlZimmerintheScienceTimes.Fruitflieswhoweretughttobesmrterthnthevergefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststht3bulbsburnlonger,thtthereis(n)4innotbeingtoobright.
Intelligence,it5,ishigh-pricedoption.Ittkesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelndisslow6thestrtinglinebecuseitdependsonlerning—(n)7process—instedofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesrebletolern,ndoneofthethingsthey?
vepprentlylernediswhento8.
Istherendptivevlueto9intelligence?
Tht?
sthequestionbehindthisnewreserch.Instedofcstingwistfulglnce10tllthespecieswe?
veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyskswhttherel11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeverynimlwe?
veevermet.
Reserchonnimlintelligencelsomkesuswonderwhtexperimentsnimlswould13onhumnsiftheyhdthechnce.Everyctwithnowner,14,isrunningsmll-sclestudyinoperntconditioning.Webelievetht15nimlsrnthelbs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourptience,ourfithfulness,ourmemoryforloctions.Theywouldtrytodecidewhtintelligenceinhumnsisrelly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudy(n)19question:
rehumnsctullywreoftheworldtheylivein?
20theresultsreinconclusive.
1.[]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imgine
2.[]tended[B]fered[C]hppened[D]thretened
3.[]thinner[B]stbler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[]tendency[B]dvntge[C]inclintion[D]priority
5.[]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforwrd
6.[]off[B]behind[C]over[D]long
7.[]incredible[B]spontneous[C]inevitble[D]grdul
8.[]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[]upwrd[B]forwrd[C]fterwrd[D]bckwrd
11.[]fetures[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[]outside[B]on[C]by[D]cross
13.[]deliver[B]crry[C]perform[D]pply
14.[]bychnce[B]incontrst[C]susul[D]forinstnce
15.[]if[B]unless[C]s[D]lest
16.[]moderte[B]overcome[C]determine[D]rech
17.[]t[B]for[C]fter[D]with
18.[]bovell[B]fterll[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[]fundmentl[B]comprehensive[C]equivlent[D]hostile
20.[]Byccident[B]Intime[C]Sofr[D]Betterstill
SectionIIRedingComprehension
Prt
Directions:
Redthefollowingfourtexts.nswerthequestionsbelowechtextbychoosing[],[B],[C]or[D].MrkyournswersonNSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Hbitsrefunnything.Werechforthemmindlessly,settingourbrinsonuto-pilotndrelxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffmilirroutine.“Notchoice,buthbitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WillimWordsworthsidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-chnging21stcentury,eventheword“hbit”crriesnegtiveconnottion.
Soitseemsprdoxicltotlkbouthbitsinthesmecontextscretivityndinnovtion.Butbrinreserchershvediscoveredthtwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhbits,wecreteprllelpths,ndevenentirelynewbrincells,thtcnjumpourtrinsofthoughtontonew,innovtivetrcks.
Rtherthndismissingourselvessunchngeblecreturesofhbit,wecninsteddirectourownchngebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhbits.Infct,themorenewthingswetry—themorewestepoutsideourcomfortzone—themoreinherentlycretivewebecome,bothintheworkplcendinourpersonllives.
Butdon?
tbothertryingtokilloffoldhbits;oncethoserutsofprocedurerewornintothebrin,they?
retheretosty.Insted,thenewhbitswedelibertelypressintoourselvescreteprllelpthwysthtcnbypssthoseoldrods.
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovtionisfscintionwithwonder,”sysDwnMrkov,uthorofTheOpenMind.“Butweretughtinstedto…decide,?
justsourpresidentcllshimself…theDecider.?
”Shedds,however,tht“todecideistokilloffllpossibilitiesbutone.goodinnovtionlthinkerislwysexploringthemnyotherpossibilities.”
llofusworkthroughproblemsinwysofwhichwe?
reunwre,shesys.Reserchersinthelte1960discoveredththumnsrebornwiththecpcitytopprochchllengesinfourprimrywys:
nlyticlly,procedurlly,reltionlly(orcollbortively)ndinnovtively.ttheendofdolescence,however,thebrinshutsdownhlfofthtcpcity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtththveseemedmostvlubleduringthefirstdecdeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphsisonstndrdizedtestinghighlightsnlysisndprocedure,meningthtfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovtivendcollbortivemodesofthought.“Thisbreksthemjorruleinthemericnbeliefsystem—thtnyonecndonything,”explinsM.J.Ryn,uthorofthe20XXbookThisYerI
Will...ndMs.Mrkov?
sbusinessprtner.“Tht?
sliethtwehveperpetuted,nditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhtyou?
regoodtnddoingevenmoreofitcretesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhbitscomesin.
21.InWordsworth’sview,“hbits”ischrcterizedbybeing.
[]csul
[B]fmilir
[C]mechnicl
[D]chngeble.
22.Brinreserchershvediscoveredthttheformtionofhbitcnbe.
[]predicted
[B]regulted
[C]trced
[D]guided
23.“ruts”(Line1,Prgrph4)isclosestinmeningto.
[]trcks
[B]series
[C]chrcteristics
[D]connections
24.DwnMrkovwouldmostprobblygreetht.
[]idesrebornofrelxingmind
[B]innovtivenesscouldbetught
[C]decisivenessderivesfromfntsticides
[D]curiosityctivtescretiveminds
25.Ryn’scommentssuggestthttheprcticeofstndrdizedtesting
[]preventsnewhbitsfrombeingformed
[B]nolongeremphsizescommonness
[C]mintinstheinherentmericnthinkingmodel
[D]complieswiththemericnbeliefsystem
Text2
Itiswiseftherthtknowshisownchild,buttodymncnboosthispternl(ftherly)
wisdom—ortlestconfirmththe?
sthekid?
sdd.llheneedstodoisshellout$30forpternitytestingkit(PTK)thislocldrugstore—ndnother$120togettheresults.
Morethn60,000peoplehvepurchsedthePTKssincethey
firstbecomevilblewithoutprescriptionslstyers,ccordingtoDougFogg,chiefopertingofficerofIdentigene,whichmkestheover-the-counterkits.MorethntwodozencompniessellDNtestsdirectlytothepublic,rnginginpricefromfewhundreddollrstomorethn$2500.
mongthemostpopulr:
pternityndkinshiptesting,whichdoptedchildrencnusetofindtheirbiologiclreltivesndfmiliescnusetotrckdownkidsputupfordoption.DNtestingislsotheltestrgemongpssiontegenelogists—ndsupportsbusinessesthtoffertoserchforfmily?
sgeogrphicroots.
Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbyswbbingslivinthemouthndsendingittothecompnyfortesting.lltestsrequirepotentilcndidtewithwhomtocompreDN.
Butsomeobserversreskepticl.“Thereiskindofflseprecisionbeinghwkedbypeopleclimingtheyredoingncestrytesting,”sysTroyDuster,NewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthtechindividulhsmnyncestors—numberinginthehundredsjustfewcenturiesbck.Yetmostncestrytestingonlyconsiderssinglelinege,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninfther?
slineormitochondrilDN,whichispsseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNcnrevelgeneticinformtionboutonlyoneortwoncestors,eventhough,forexmple,justthreegenertionsbckpeoplelsohvesixothergret-grndprentsor,fourgenertionsbck,14othergret-gret-grndprents.
Criticslsorguethtcommercilgenetictestingisonlysgoodsthereferencecollectionstowhichsmpleiscompred.Dtbsesusedbysomecompniesdon?
trelyondtcollectedsystemticllybutrtherlumptogetherinformtionfromdifferentreserchprojects.ThismensthtDNdtbsemyhvelotofdtfromsomeregionsndnotothers,soperson?
stestresultsmydifferdependingonthecompnythtprocessestheresults.Inddition,thecomputerprogrmscompnyusestoestimtereltionshipsmybeptentedndnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevlution.
26.Inprgrphs1nd2,thetextshowsPTK’s_________.
[]esyvilbility
[B]flexibilityinpricing
[C]successfulpromotion
[D]populritywithhouseholds
27.PTKisusedto________.
[]locteone?
sbirthplce
[B]promotegeneticreserch
[C]identifyprent-childkinship
[D]choosechildrenfordoption
28.Skepticlobserversbelievethtncestrytestingfilsto________.
[]trcedistntncestors
[B]rebuildreliblebloodlines
[C]fullyusegeneticinformtion
[D]chievetheclimedccurcy
29.Inthelstprgrph,problemcommercilgenetictestingfcesis________.
[]disorgnizeddtcollection
[B]overlppingdtbsebuilding
[C]excessivesmplecomprison
[D]lckofptentevlution
30.nppropritetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe________.
[]ForsndginstsofDNTesting
[B]DNTestingndItsProblems
[C]DNTestingOutsidetheLb
[D]LiesBehindDNTesting
Text3
Thereltionshipbetweenformleductionndeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsndpoliticinslike.Progressinbothresisundoubtedlynecessryforthesocil,politicl,ndintellectuldevelopmentofthesendllothersocieties;however,theconventionlviewthteductionshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrpideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Werefortuntethtitis,becusebuildingneweductionlsystemstherendputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformncewouldrequiretwoorthreegenertions.Thefindings
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 解析