美国文学复习资料+答案.docx
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美国文学复习资料+答案
1.TheAmericanTranscendentalistsformedaclubcalled
theTranscendentalClub
Bythe1830sWashingtonIrvingwasjudgedthenation'sgreatestwriter,aloftypositionhelatersharedwithJamesFenimoreCooperandWilliamCullenBryant.
Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theattitudeofAmericanwriterswasshapedbytheirNewWorldenvironmentandanarrayofideasinheritedfromtheromantictraditionofEurope.
Asamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematical.
ThefoundationofAmericannationalliteraturewaslaidbytheearlyAmericanromanticists.
Atmid-19thcentury,aculturalreawakeningbroughta"floweringofNewEngland".
Romanticwritersinthe19thcenturyplacedincreasingvalueonthefreeexpressionofemotionanddisplayedincreasingattentiontothepsychicstatesoftheircharacters.
Withavastgroupofsupportingcharacters,virtuousorvillainous,JamesFenimoreCoopermadetheAmericaconsciousofhispast,andmadetheEuropeanconsciousofAmerica.
NootherAmericanpoeteversurpassedEdgarAllanPoe'sabilityintheuseofEnglishasamediumofpuremusicalandrhythmicbeauty.
TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisoneofEdgarAllanPoe'sshortstories.
RalphWaldoEmersonwasrecognizedastheleaderoftranscendentalistmovement,butheneverappliedtheterm"Transcendentalist"tohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas.
In1836,RalphWaldoEmersonpublishedhisfirstbook,Nature,whichmetwithamildreception.
RalphWaldoEmerson'sprosestylewassometimesashighlyindividualashispoetry.
TheharshrhythmsandstrikingimagesofRalphWaldoEmerson'psoetryappealtomanymodernreadersasartfultechniques.
HenryWadsworthLongfellow'wsritingsbelongtothemilderaspectsoftheRomanticMovement.
Americanromanticismwasinawayderivative:
AmericanromanticwritingwassomeofthemmodeledonEnglishandEuropeanworks.
RalphWaldoEmerson'saestheticsbroughtaboutarevolutioninAmericanliteratureingeneralandinAmericanpoetryinparticular.
HenryDavidThoreauwasanactiveTranscendentalist.Hewasbynomeansan"escapist"orarecluse,butwasintenselyinvolvedinthelifeofhisday.
TheScarletLetterissetintheseventeenthcentury.ItisanelaborationofafactwhichtheauthortookoutofthelifeofthePuritanpast.
2.Transcendentalismtooktheirideasfrom
A.theromanticliteratureinEurope
B.neo-Platonism
C.Germanidealisticphilosophy
D.therevelationsoforientalmysticism
ABCD
A.intuition10.TranscendentalismappealedtothosewhodisdainedtheharshGodofthePuritanancestors,anditappealedtothosewhoscornedthepaledeityofNewEngland
A.Transcendentalism
B.Humanism
C.Naturalism
D.Unitarianism
13.ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature,evidentin.
A.JamesFenimoreCooper'sLeatherstockingTales
B.HenryDavidThoreau'Wsalden
C.MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinn
D.NathanielHawthorne'sTheScarletLetter
ABC
14.Apreoccupationwiththedemonicandthemysteryofevilmarkedtheworksof,andahostoflesserwriters.
A.NathanielHawthorne
B.EdgarAllanPoe
C.HermanMelville
D.MarkTwain
ABC
16.InthenineteenthcenturyAmerica,Romanticsoftensharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics.Choosesuchcharacteristicsfromthefollowing.
moralenthusiasm
faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperceptionadorationforthenaturalworld
presumptionaboutthecorrosiveeffectofhumansociety
A.
B.
C.
D.
ABCD
17.ChooseWashingtonIrving'sworksfromthefollowing.
A.TheSketchBook
B.BracebridgeHall
C.TalesofaTraveller
D.AHistoryofNewYork
ABCD
18.InJamesFenimoreCooper'snovels,closeafterNattyBumppoinromanticappeal,comethetwonobleredmen.Choosethemfromthefollowing.
A.theMohicanChiefChingachgook
B.Uncas
C.TomJones
D.KublaKhan
AB
In1817,thestatelypoemcalledThanatopsisintroducedthebestpoetinAmericauptothattime.
A.EdwardTaylor
B.PhilipFreneau
C.WilliamCullenBryant
D.EdgarAllanPoe
CToaWaterfowlThanatopsis
toappear
21.Fromthefollowing,choosethepoemswrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe.A.ToHelen
B.TheRaven
C.AnnabelLee
D.TheBells
ABCD
23.D.
EdgarAllanPoe'sfirstcollectionofshortstoriesis
TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque
Fromthefollowing,choosethecharacteristicsofRalphWaldoEmerson'spoetry.
24.
A.beinghighlyindividual
B.harshrhythms
C.lackofformandpolish
D.strikingimages
ABCD
25.WhichbookisnotwrittenbyRalphWaldoEmerson?
A.RepresentativeMen
B.EnglishTraits
C.Nature
D.TheRhodora
26.WhichessayisnotwrittenbyRalphWaldoEmerson?
A.OfStudies
B.Self-Reliance
C.TheAmericanScholar
D.TheDivinitySchoolAddress
30.NathanielHawthorne'sabilitytocreatevividandsymbolicimagesthatembodygreatmoralquestionsalsoappearsstronglyinhisshortstories.Choosehisshortstoriesfromthefollowing.
A.YoungGoodmanBrown
B.
ABCD
TheGreatStoneFace
C.TheAmbitiousGuest
D.EthanBrand
E.ThePearl
inAmerican
32.HermanMelvillecalledhisfriendNathanielHawthorneliterature.
A.thelargestbrainwiththelargestheart
34.wasaromanticizedaccountofHermanMelville'sstayamongthePolynesians.
ThesuccessofthebooksoonmadeMelvillewellknownasthe"manwholivedamongcannibals".Typee
37.IntheearlynineteenthcenturyAmericanmoralvalueswereessentiallyPuritan.Nothinghasleftadeeperimprintonthecharacterofthepeopleasawholethandid.
A.Puritanism
"TheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandthesoul...Spiritispresenteverywhere".ThisisthevoiceofthebookNaturewrittenbyEmerson,whichpushedAmericanRomanticismintoanewphase,thephaseofNewEnglandTranscendentalism43.WhichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism?
A.Nature
45.isanappallingfictionalversionofNathanielHawthorne'sbeliefthat"the
wrongdoingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveones"andthatevilwillcomeoutofevilthoughitmaytakemanygenerationstohappen.
A.TheMarbleFaun
B.TheHouseofSevenGables
C.TheBlithedaleRomance
D.YoungGoodmanBrown
Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileipondered,weakandweary,
Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore,
WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,
Asofsomeonegentlyrapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.
"Tissomevisitor,"Imuttered,"tappingatmychamberdoor—
Onlythis,andnothingmore."
Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,
Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.
EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;—vainlyIhadtriedtoborrow
Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelost.
EdgarAllanPoe
TheRaven
Describethemoodofthispoem:
Asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanpervadesthewholepoem,theportrayalofayoungmangrievingforhislostLeno-re,hisgriefturnedtomadnessunderthesteadyone-wordrepetitionofthetalkingbird.
Work3:
Nuture
1.
2.
AstheleadingNewEnglandTranscendentalist,EmersoneffectedamostarticulatesynthesisoftheTranscendentalistviews.Onemajorelementofhisphilosophyifhisfirmbeliefinthetranscendenceofthe"Oversoul".Hisemphasisonthespiritrunsthroughvirtuallyallhiswritings."Philosophicallyconsidered,"hestatesinNature,whichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism,"theuniverseiscomposedofNatureandtheSoul."Heseestheworldasphenomenal,andemphasizestheneedforidealism,foridealismseestheworldinGod."Itbeholdsthewholecircleofpersonsandthings,ofactionsandevents,ofcountryandreligion,asonevastpicturewhichGodpaintsontheeternityforthecontemplationofthesoul."Heregardsnatureasthepurest,andthemostsanctifyingmoralinfluenceonman,andadvocatedadirectintuitionofaspiritualandimmanentGodinnature.Inthisconnection,Emerson'semotionalexperiencesareexemplaryinmorewaysthanone.Aloneinthewoodsoneday,forinstance,heexperiencedamomentof"ecstasy"whichherecordsthusinhisNature:
Standingonthebareground,myheadbathedbytheblitheairandupliftedintoinfinitespace,allmeanegotismvanishes.Ibecomeatransparenteyeball;Iamnothing;Iseeall;thecurrentsoftheUniversalBeingcirculatethroughme;IampartorparticleofGod.
Nowthisisamomentof"conversion"whenonefeelscompletelymergedwiththeoutsideworld,whenonehascompletelysunkintonatureandbecomeonewithit,andwhenthesoulhasgonebeyondthephysicallimitsofthebodytosharetheomniscience
oftheOversoul.Inaword,thesoulhascompletelytranscendedthelimitsofindividualityandbeomepartoftheOversoul.Emersonseesspiritpervadingeverywhere,notonlyinthesoulofman,butbehindnature,throughoutnature.Theworldproceeds,asheobserves,fromthesamesourceasthebodyofman."TheUniversalBeing"isinpointoffacttheOversoulthatheneverstoppedtalkingaboutfortherestofhislife.Emerson'sdoctrineoftheOversoulisgraphicallyillustratedinsuchfamousstatements;"EachmindlivesintheGrandmind,""Thereinonemindcommontoallindividualmen,"and"Manisconsciousofauniversalsoulwithinorbehindhisindividuallife."Inhisopinion,manismadeintheimageofGodandisjustalittlelessthanHim.ThisisasmuchastosaythatthespiritualandimmanentGodisoperativeinthesoulofman,andthatmanisdivine.Thedivinityofmanbecame,incidentally,afavoritesubjectinhislecturesandessays.
4.Thisnaturallyledtoanother,equallysignificant,Transcendentalistthesis,thattheindividual,not
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