Solar PV Vocabulary.docx
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Solar PV Vocabulary.docx
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SolarPVVocabulary
光伏词汇
AC交流电Alternatingcurrent
Amorphoussiliconsolarcell非晶硅太阳能电池
Thin-filmsolarcellsareusuallyproducedbyevaporatingseveralsemi-conductorfilmsontoaso-called"substrate"
Ampère安培
Unitindicatingthestrengthofelectriccurrent
Assemblingsystem集成系统
Systemtoinstallsolarmodulesonroofs,façadesorinthefield.
Azimuthangle方位角
DescribesthedeviationfromtheSouthtowardsEast-westerndirection
Tiltangle倾斜角
Building-integratedPV(BIPV)
UsedtodescribeastructurewherePVreplacesconventionalmaterialsandisintegratedintothebuilding.Typically,aphotovoltaicarrayisincorporatedintotherooforwallsofabuilding.RooftileswithintegratedPVcellscannowbepurchased.Arrayscanalsoberetrofittedintoexistingbuildings;inthiscasetheyareusuallyfittedontopoftheexistingroofstructure.Alternatively,anarraycanbelocatedseparatelyfromthebuildingbutconnectedbycabletosupplypowerforthebuilding.
By-passdiode旁路二极管
Conductstheelectricityautomaticallypastamoduleincaseitisshadowedinoneseries.Thisissupposedtopreventanydestructionduetooverheating.
Circuit电路
Asystemofconductorsthatconveyelectricity.
CdTesolarcell碲化镉太阳能电池
Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofverythinCdTesemi-conductorfilms(<3microns)
CISsolarcell
Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofseveralfilmsofdifferentlydopedcopper-indium-diselenide
Circuitbreaker断路开关
Asafetydevicethatshutsoffpowerwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.
Combinerbox和路箱
WheretheelectricalwiringfromthePVmodulesisjoinedtogetherinparalleltocombineelectricalcurrents.
Conductor导体
Amaterialthatisusedtoconveyelectricity,i.e.wires.
Conversionefficiency转换效率
Thepercentageofelectricitythatiscreatedbyasolarcellascomparedtotheamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatelectricity.
Current电流
Theflowofelectricitybetweentwopoints.Measuredinamps.
DC直流电
Directcurrent
Energeticamortizationperiod能量偿还期
Periodoftimeaphotovoltaicsystemrequirestoproducetheenergyrequiredforproduction.
Efficiency功率
Theratioofoutputenergytoinputenergy.
Electricalgrid电网
Alargedistributionnetworkthatdeliverselectricityoverawidearea.
Electrode电极
Aconductorusedtoleadcurrentintooroutofanonmetallicpartofacircuit.
Energy能量
Usablepower.MeasuredinkWh.
Energyaudit能量审核
Aprocessthatdetermineshowmuchenergyyouuseinyourhouseorapartment.
Energyyield能量输出
ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystem
ENS
Equipmenttocontrolthegridwithattributedall-polecontrolelementinseries.TheENSincludesaredundantvoltageandfrequencycontroloftheelectricitygridandevaluatesanyleapsascertainedinthegridimpedance.Ifthesetlimitsareexceeded,theENSwillswitchofftheinverter.Whenthelinevoltageisre-established,theinverterwillrestartoperationautomatically.
Europeanefficiencyrate
Weightedefficiencyrateiscalculatedbyweightingdifferentpartialloadefficiencyratesandthefull-loadefficiencyrateinlinewiththefrequencyoftheirappearance.
Facadesystem正面系统
Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonthefacadeofabuildingoranintegralpartofafacade.
Feed-inmeter输入计
Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyintothepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Mismatchinginterconnectionofbetterandworsemodulesinonestringasaconsequenceofwhichtheworstmoduleofoneseriesdeterminestheelectricity.
Fieldsystem野外系统
Photovoltaicsysteminstalledinafield
Flat-roofsystem平台屋顶系统
Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonaflatroof.
Fossilfuels矿物燃料
Fuelsthatareformedundergroundfromtheremainsofdeadplantsandanimals.i.e.oil,naturalgas,andcoalarefossilfuels.
Globalradiation总辐射
Sumofdiffuse,directandreflectedsolarradiationontoahorizontalsurface.
Greenhouseeffect温室效应
WhenheatfromthesunbecomestrappedintheEarth'satmosphereduetocertaingases.
Greenhousegases温室气体
ThegasesresponsiblefortrappingheatfromthesunwithintheEarth'satmosphere.i.e.watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,chlorofluorocarbons,andnitrogenoxides.
Grid电网
Adistributionnetwork,includingtowers,poles,andwiresthatautilityusestodeliverelectricity.
Grid-connectedPVsystem并网光伏系统
Whentheelectricitygridisavailablebutelectricityfromacleansource(solar)isdesired,solarpanelscanbeconnectedtothegrid.Providedthatsufficientpanelsareplaced,theappliancesinthehouse/buildingwillthenrunonsolarelectricity.Agrid-connectedsolarelectricitysystembasicallyconsistsofoneormoresolarpanels,aninverter,cables,theelectricloadandasupportstructuretomountthesolarpanels.
Hertz(HZ)赫兹
Thefrequencyofelectricalcurrentdescribedincyclespersecond,i.e.AppliancesintheUnitedStatesuse60HZ.
Inverter逆变器
ConvertstheDCoutputofthePVsystemintousableACoutputthatcanbefeddirectlyintothebuildingload.
Irradiance辐照度
theamountofsolarenergythatstrikesasurfaceduringaspecifictimeperiod.Measuredinkilowatts.
I-VcurveIV曲线
Agraphthatplotsthecurrentversusthevoltagefromthesolarcellastheelectricalload(orresistance)isincreasedfromshortcircuit(noload)toopencircuit(maximumvoltage).Theshapeofthecurvecharacterizingcellperformance.ThreeimportantpointsontheIVcurvearetheopen-circuitvoltage,short-circuitcurrent,andpeakormaximumpower(operating)point.JunctionboxThepointonasolarmodulewhereitconnects,orisstrung,toothersolarmodules.
In-roofinstallation镶嵌屋顶系统
Photovoltaicsystemwhichisintegratedintotheroofcladding
Islandsystem独立系统
Grid-independentpowersupplysystem
kWh–kilowatthour
Unitindicatingenergy/workandcorrespondingwiththeperformanceofonekilowattduringaperiodofonehour
kWp-Kilowattpeak
Unitindicatingthemaximumperformanceunderstandardtestconcitions(STC)
Load负载
Theamountofelectricaldemandusedinthebuildingatanygiventime.
Mono-crystallinesiliconsolarcell单晶硅太阳能系统
Basicrawmaterialisamonocrystaldrawnfrommeltedsilicon.
Multi-crystallinesiliconsolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池
Basicrawmaterialissolarsiliconcastinblocks.
NationalElectricalCode(NEC)国家电气代码
TheU.S.minimuminspectionrequirementsforalltypesofelectricalinstallations,includingsolarsystems.
NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)国家电力生产商协会
TheU.S.tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandardsfortheelectricalmanufacturingindustry.
NRELTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory国家可再生能源实验室
Anationallabthatconcentratesonstudyinganddevelopingrenewableenergysources.
Opencircuitvoltage开路电压
MaximumvoltageinanelectriccircuitwhichisgeneratedwhentheelectricityIequalszero(dependingontermperature).
Performanceguarantee性能质保
Extendedguaranteeofthemoduleproducerfortheperformanceofthesolarmodules.
Performancetolerance性能公差
Tolerancestatedbytheproducerwithregardstothenominalpower.
Poly-cristallinesolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池
Seemulti-crystallinesiliconsolarcell.
PSC电力供应公司
Powersupplycompanies.
Peakload最大负荷
Thelargestamountofelectricitybeingusedatanyonepointduringtheday.
Photovoltaic(PV)光伏
theconversionoflightintoelectricity.Theterm"photo"comesfromtheGreek"phos,"meaninglight."Voltaic"isnamedforAlessandroVolta(1745-1827),apioneerinthestudyofelectricityforwhomtheterm"volt"wasnamed.Photovoltaics,then,means"lightelectricity."
Photovoltaic(PV)module光伏组件
Anumberofphotovoltaiccellselectricallyinterconnectedandmountedtogether,usuallyinasealedunitofconvenientsizeforshipping,handlingandassemblingintoarrays.Theterm"module"isoftenusedinterchangeablywiththeterm"panel.
Photovoltaicarray光伏阵列
Aninterconnectedsystemofsolarmodulesthatfunctionasasingleelectricity-producingunit.
Photovoltaiccell光伏电池(格)
Thisisthebasicunitofasolarmodulethatcollectsthesun'senergy.
Photovoltaicsystem光伏系统
Acompletesetofcomponentsthatconvertssunlightintousableelectricity.
Rectifier整流器
Transformsalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrent
Roofinclination屋顶倾斜度i
Angleofarooftowardsthehorizontal
Ratedpower额定功率
Nominalpoweroutputofaninverter;someunitscannotproduceratedpowercontinuously.SemiconductorAmaterialthathasanelectricalconductivityinbetweenthatofametalandaninsulator.TypicalsemiconductorsforPVcellsincludesilicon,galliumarsenide,copperindiumdiselenide,andcadmiumelluride.
Short-circuitelectricity短路电流
Maximumelectricityinanelectriccircuit,whichisgeneratedwhenthevoltageUattheterminalsequalszero(proportionaltosolarradiation).
Solargenerator
Sumofsolarmodules.
Specificenergyyield能量生产率(比能率)
ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhandyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemdividedbytheinstalledperformance(kWp).
StandardTestConditions–STC标准测试条件
Generalconditionsunderwhichtheperfomanceofasolarmoduleismeasuredinalaboratory.Constantfactorsformeasuringare:
Irradianceof1,000W/m²5f;lightspectrumafterpenetrationof1.5folddensityoftheatmosphere(AM1,5);temperatureofthesolarcell25°C.
Supplymeter电源表
Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyfromthepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)
Termperaturecoefficient温度系数
Indicatestowhatextenttheindividualfactorchangeswiththetemperature.Temperature-independentfactorsarevoltage,electricityandconsequentlyalsoperformance.
Thin-filmsolarcell薄膜太能能电池
Roughlyahundredtimesthinnerthancrystallinecells.Industrialproductionprocedure(evaporation,atomizationprocedure…)ontothesubstratelowe
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