简爱独立人格发展的分析.docx
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简爱独立人格发展的分析.docx
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简爱独立人格发展的分析
简爱独立人格发展的分析
AnalysisofJaneEyre’sIndependentCharacterDevelopment
Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………………….1
Keywords……………………………………………………………………1
ⅠIntroduction………………………………………………………..2
ⅡCharlotteBrontewithHerWorks………………………………………2
ⅢVictorianPeriodIdealofWoman………………………………………3
ⅣAnalysisofJaneEyre’sIndependentCharacterDevelopment….…..4
4.1AtGateshead,JaneEyreBegantoRealizetheImportanceofSelf-reliance………………………………………………..................…….4
4.2AtLowoodInstitution,JaneEyreBegantoFormHerIndependentCharacter………………………………………………………….....…….6
4.3AtThornfield,JaneEyreGainedHerIndependenceandShowedItFully…………………………………………………………………...…..7
4.4AtMoorHouse,JaneEyreEnjoyedthePleasureofSelf-sufficiency………10
ⅤConclusion……………………………………………………………..11
References………………………………………………………………….13
摘要:
在19世纪的英国文学史上,夏洛蒂·勃朗特的自传体性质的小说《简爱》堪称一部经典传世之作,她成功地塑造了英国文学史上第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取的态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象。
作者生活在波动变化的维多利亚时代,那时候女性意识已有萌芽,女性独立反抗精神是《简爱》中女主人公寻找自我的精神出发点,是她成长历程的基石。
本文通过简爱从小到大的成长经历,学会自尊自爱、自强不息、正义、追求平等、自由、真爱的独立性格,从而阐述了《简爱》这样一个主题:
人的价值=尊严+爱。
本文主要对简爱进行独立性格不同发展阶段的分析。
关键词:
简爱;独立人格;自强不息;追求正义;女权思想
Abstract:
InthehistoryofEnglishliteratureinthe19thcentury,CharlotteBronte’snovelJaneEyrewascalledasuccessfullwork.Inthatperiod,manywomenwerenotsatisfiedwiththeirsocialstatusandbegantofightfortheirrightofindependence,equalityandfreedom.Inthisnovel,CharlotteBrontecreatesaheroinewhodefiestheconventionsofbothfictionandsociety.ThemainlineofthestoryfollowsJane’squestforherrealidentityandlibertyinfivestages,whichcorrespondrespectivelytofivehouses:
Gateshead,Lowood,Thornfield,MoorHouse,andFerndean.Eachstageissupervisedby“adominantmalefigureandeachhomeisexperiencedasanenclosedworldfromwhichJanemustbreakoutasthepromiseofprotectiongiveswaytothedesireforgrowthandliberty”.JaneEyrestruggledtoacquireherself-respect,independence,dignityandself-sufficiencyateverystageofherlife,bothinstrugglingwithsocialpressure,maltreatment,discriminationandinresistingthetemptationofpassion.ThispaperanalyzesthedifferentstagesofJaneEyre’sindependentcharacterdevelopment.
KeyWords:
JaneEyre;independentcharacter;self-sufficiency;justice;feminism
I.Introduction
ManypeoplemustbewellknownwithJaneEyre.JaneEyrehasmadeastrongimpressiononmostofthereaders.JaneEyreisnotonlyCharlotteBronte’sbestliteraryworkbutalsooneofthebestcreatedcharactersinallliteratureofworld.IfweonlythinkJaneEyreisalovestory,Ithinkthatisnotcorrect.Theauthorwasawoman,andshelivedinVictorianperiodofthe19thcentury.Atthattime,idealwomanhadanewstart—independentconsciousnessofwoman.Justletusmakeanassumption,iftheindependenceofJaneEyrewasearlykilledinherchildhood;withoutherindependence,shewouldmarrywithMr.Rochestereventhoughhehadawife;IfshebecamemistressofMr.Rochesrer,shewouldpossesstreasureandsocialstatus;withoutherpureness,wewouldnotbeaffectedbythisstory,andJaneEyrecouldnotbecameclassicaltoo.Therefore,weshouldthinkoverwhyJaneEyremadeussomuchaffected,becauseofherindependentcharacter.ThedevelopmentofJaneEyre’scharacterhasbeenthemajorkeytothenovel.Throughtheanalysisofthenovel,wecanseethemiserablepredicamentofEnglishwomenatthattimeandtheirstrongdesireofseekingforequalsocialpositionasmen.
Atthesametime,CharlotteBrontealsocriticizedthehypocrisyofEnglandcharities.JustasCharlotteBrontesaid,“Conventionalityisnotmorality.Self-righteousnessisnotreligion.Toattackthefirstisnottoassailthelast.TopluckthemaskfromthefaceofthePhariseeisnottoliftanimpioushandtotheCrownofthorns”(CharlotteBronte,2003:
P2).Inthe19thcentury,manywomenwerenotsatisfiedwiththeirsocialstatusandbegantofightfortheirrightofindependence,equalityandfreedom.CharlotteBronteattackedtheVictorianconventionsandmoralsinthisnovel.TheIndependentCharacterofJaneEyrebecamethefamouswoman’sroleinsociety.ThispaperanalyzesthatJaneEyre’sindependentcharacterdevelopmentstages.
Ⅱ.CharlotteBrontewithHerWorks
CharlotteBrontewasnotpretty.Shewasplainandlittle,buthernamewasputinthefirstpageofthehistoryofEnglishliteratureinthe19thcenturybecauseofthesuccessofJaneEyre.CharlotteBrontewasborninThornton,Yorkshirein1816.ShewasCelticblood.Whenshewasyoung,shewassenttoaschoolforclergymen’sdaughters.Hersistersdiedthereduetothepoorandunhealthyconditions.ThisexperienceinspiredthelaterportrayalofLowoodSchoolinJaneEyre.Asshegrewup,sheworkedeitherasateacheroragovernessinsomeprivatefamilies.“CharlotteBronte’sbook,theprofessor,basedonherBrusselsexperiences,wasrefusedbyapublisherandwasnotpublisheduntilafterherdeath.Undiscouraged,shesettoworkonanewnovel,JaneEyre,whichwaspublishedinAugust,1847.Thispoetic,imaginativestoryoftheloveofayounggovernessforhermarriedemployer.Itwasanimmediatesuccesswithbothreadersandmostofthecritics.ForsomeyearsCharlotteBrontehaswrittenherworks,Shirler,(1849),Villette,(1853),butJaneEyrewasthemostsuccessfulandpopularone”(吴伟仁,2004:
P233).AllCharlotte’snovelsweresuccessful,andsheoccasionallybrokeherYorkshireseclusionforavisittoLondon,whereshewassomethingofacelebrity,onceherrealidentitywasknown.AmongthefriendshipssheformedtherewasonewithThackeray,towhomshehadabdicatedJaneEyre.Shehadseveralproposalsofmarryingherfather’scurate,theRev.ArthurBellNiahols.Herhealthwasalreadypoor,andafterafewmonthsofmarriageacoldwhichshecaughtduringpregnancybroughtaboutherdeathonMarch31,1855,atthirty-nine,thelastoftheBrontechildren.
Infact,CharlotteBrontemadeherselfasaprototypeinJaneEyre.Itwascreatedsuccessfullyanewwomanin19thcentury.Inthisnovel,CharlotteBronteusedthefirstpersontodescribetheheroine’sinnerfeeling.JaneEyrevoicedtheauthor’sradicalopinionsonreligion,socialclass,andgender.JaneEyre,whowasplainbutcontinuallystrivestobecomestronger,andhascouragetofightcontinuouslyforfreedomandequalityinthemalesociety.Theirexperiencesareverysimilar.Inthisnovel,CharlotteBrontesaid:
“Iwillshowyouaheroineasplainandassmallasmyself.”ShemodeledLowood,andtwoofhersistersdiedoftuberculosisthere,sodoesHelenBurnsatLowood.JohnReed’sdescentintogamblingandalcoholismparallelsthebehaviorofJaneEyre’sbelovedbrother,Branwell,whoseearlypromisehaddegeneratedintodrunkennessandsloth,died.
Ⅲ.VictorianPeriodIdealofWoman
IntheVictoriansocialandculturalcontext,womanwasdefinedas‘pure,dependentandtheother.’InMarthaVicinus’sintroductiontoananthologyofessaysontheVictorianwoman,shepointsoutthattheVictorian“perfectlady”shouldconformtothefollowingidealmodeloffemininity:
Beforemarriage,ayounggirlwasbroughtuptobeperfectlyinnocentandsexuallyignorant.Oncemarried,theperfectladydidnotwork.Hersocialandintellectualgrowthwasconfinedtothefamilyandclosefriends.Herstatuswastotallydependentupontheeconomicpositionofherfatherandthenherhusband.ThroughouttheVictorianperiodthe‘perfectlady’asanidealoffemininitywastenaciousandall-pervasive.Themarriedwomen,asVicinusmentions,withintheVictorianculturewereconfinedtothedomesticsphere.Astothedutiesofwomen,thatwomanhadtosacrificeherselftoserveherhusbandandchildrenandtosomeextentshemustbe“enduringly,incorruptiblygood,instinctively,infalliblywise—wisenotforself-development,butforself-renunciation,wisenotwiththenarrownessofinsolentandlovelesspride,butwiththepassionategentlenessofaninfinitelyvariable…modestyofservice”.Sheshouldberestrictedtothedomesticitytoofferthemodestserviceforherhusband,andsetupagoodmodeltoguideherchildren.Furthermore,sheshouldbeeducated,butthepurposeofitistomakehercapableofappreciatingtheconversationofherhusband,ratherthanshareherownfeelingswithhim.
Awoman,inanyrankoflife,oughttoknowwhateverherhusbandislikelytoknow,buttoknowitinadifferentway.Tosumup,theVictorianwomenweresubmissivewivesfortheirhusbandsandgoodmothersfortheirchildren.JaneEyre,asanewimageofwoman,struggledtoacquireherself-respect,independence,dignityandself-sufficiencyateverystageofherlife,bothinstrugglingwithsocialpressure,maltreatment,discriminationandinresistingthetemptationofpassion.ThisnovelwaswhoopofCharlotteBrontetotheVictorianconventionsandmorals.
Ⅳ.AnalysisofJaneEyre’sIndependentCharacterDevelopment
4.1AtGateshead,JaneEyreBegantoRealizetheImportanceofSelf-reliance
JaneEyrewasanorphan.BothherfatherandmotherhaddiedwhenJanewasababy,andthelittlegirlpassedintothecareofMrs.ReedofGatesheadHall.Mrs.Reedwasheraunt.AtGatesheadHallJaneknewtenyearsofneglectandabuse.Theylookeddownuponher.Becauseshewasnotpretty,shecouldneverevokethesympathyfromothers.Justbecauseofthese,shebegantorealizethatshewouldtobeindependent,whichwasveryimportanttoher.Soatfirst,shecouldnotkeepinsilencewhenshewasmaltreated.Shehitback.WhenJohnReedscornedandbeatherunreasonably,shedidnotretreatbutstrikehim.Thiswasherfirstrebellion.Whentheservantblam
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- 关 键 词:
- 简爱 独立 人格 发展 分析