人教版高中英语选修六习题第四单元检测 Word版含答案.docx
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人教版高中英语选修六习题第四单元检测 Word版含答案.docx
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人教版高中英语选修六习题第四单元检测Word版含答案
第四单元检测
(时间:
90分钟 满分:
120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Youmightthinkthat“globalwarming”meansnothingmorethanariseintheworld’stemperature.Butrisingsealevelscausedbyithaveresultedinthefirstevacuation(撤离)ofanislandnation—thecitizensofTuvaluwillhavetoleavetheirhomeland.
Duringthe20thcentury,sealevelrose8-12inches.Asaresult,Tuvaluhasexperiencedlowlandfloodingofsaltwaterthathaspollutedthecountry’sdrinkingwater.
PaaniLaupepa,aTuvaluangovernmentofficial,reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusuallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.
LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions(温室气体的排放),whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyears,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.
TuvaluhasaskedAustraliaandNewZealandtoallowthegradualmoveofitspeopletobothcountries.
Tuvaluisnottheonlycountrythatisvulnerable(易受影响的)torisingsealevels.MaumoonGayoon,presidentoftheMaldives,toldtheUnitedNationsthatglobalwarminghasmadehiscountryof311,000peoplean“endangerednation”.
1Thepassageismainlyabout .
A.rapidchangesintheearth’stemperature
B.badeffectsofglobalwarming
C.movingofacountrytoanewplace
D.reasonsforlowlandflooding
答案:
B
解析:
主旨大意题。
这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。
2Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis .
A.greenhousegasemissionsinindustrializednations
B.highersurfacewatertemperaturesofthesea
C.continuousglobalwarming
D.risingsealevels
答案:
B
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段中“Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。
3LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot .
A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions
B.signanagreementwithTuvalu
C.allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUS
D.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal
答案:
A
解析:
细节理解题。
由第四段第一句话可知劳佩帕(Laupepa)对美国不满是因为美国拒绝签署减少温室气体排放的公约。
4ThecountrywhosesituationissimilartothatofTuvaluis .
A.Australia
B.NewZealand
C.theMaldives
D.theUnitedStates
答案:
C
解析:
细节理解题。
根据最后一段可判断出马尔代夫(theMaldives)与图瓦卢(Tuvalu)的情况相似。
B
Boilerroomsareoftendirtyandsteamy,butthisoneiscleanandcool.FoxPointisaverynew47-unitlivingbuildinginSouthBronx,oneofthecity’spoorestareas.Two-thirdsofthepeoplelivingthereareformerly(以前)homelesspeople,whoserentispaidbythegovernment.Therestarelow-incomefamilies.Theboilerroomhasspecialequipment,whichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheatthatwouldotherwisebelosttotheair,reducingcarbonemissions(碳排放)whilealsocuttingcosts.
FoxPointisoperatedbyPalladia,agroupthatspecializesinprovidinghousingandservicestoneedypeople.PalladiareceivedsupportfromEnterpriseCommunityPartners(ECP),whichhelpsbuildaffordablehousingbyprovidingsupporttohousingdevelopers.
ECPhascreatednationalstandardsforhealthy,environmentallycleverandaffordablehomeswhicharecalledtheGreenCommunitiesStandards.Thesestandardsincludewaterkeeping,energysavingandtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterials.Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%,whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.Eventhepositioningofawindowtogetmostdaylightcanhelpsaveenergy.
MichaelBloomberg,NewYork’smayor,planstocreate165,000affordablehousingunitsfor500,000NewYorkers.Almost80%ofNewYorkCity’sgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefrombuildings,and40%ofthosearecausedbyhousing.Soherecentlyannouncedthatthecity’sDepartmentofHousingandPreservationandDevelopment(DHPD),whosedutyistodevelopandkeepthecity’ssupplyofaffordablehousing,willrequireallitsnewprojectstofollowECP’sgreenstandards.
Similarmeasureshavebeentakenbyothercities,suchasClevelandandDenver,butNewYork’sDHPDisthelargestcitydeveloperofaffordablehousinginthecountry.
5Whatisthepurposeofdescribingtheboilerroominthefirstparagraph?
A.Toexplainthemeasuresthecitytakestocareforpoorpeople.
B.Tosuggestthataffordablehousingispossibleinallareas.
C.Toshowhowtheenvironment-friendlybuildingworks.
D.Tocompareoldandnewboilerrooms.
答案:
C
解析:
推理判断题。
由“...whoserentispaidbythegovernment...whichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheat...”可知,本段主要介绍这种房子是如何运行的以及其结构模式。
6WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?
A.Lowerrunningcosts.
B.Costinglessinconstruction.
C.Lessairtobelostinhotdays.
D.Betterpricesforhomelesspeople.
答案:
A
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段的“Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%,whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.”可知答案。
7Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat .
A.NewYorkCityisseriouslypolluted
B.people’sdailylifecausesmanycarbonemissionsinNewYorkCity
C.agreatnumberofpeopleinNewYorkCitydon’thavehousestolivein
D.someothercitieshavedevelopedmoreaffordablehousingthanNewYorkCity
答案:
B
解析:
推理判断题。
通过介绍此类房子的优点,以及Palladia、ECP等所采取的措施可以判断出,人们的生活是以排放碳、污染环境作为代价的。
故本题应该选择B项。
8Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?
A.Tocallonpeopletopaymoreattentiontohousingproblems.
B.Toprovethatsomestandardsareneededforaffordablehousing.
C.Toasksocietytohelphomelesspeopleandlow-incomefamilies.
D.Tointroducehealthy,environmentallycleverandaffordablehousing.
答案:
D
解析:
主旨大意题。
根据第一段以及第三段提到的“...healthy,environmentallycleverandaffordablehomes...”可知答案。
C
Theneedtofeedagrowingpopulationisputtingmuchpressureontheworld’ssupplyofwater.With97%oftheworld’swatertoosaltytobedrunkorusedinagriculture,theworldwidesupplyofwaterneedscarefulmanagement,especiallyinagriculture.Althoughtheideaofawatershortageseemsstrangetosomeonefortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry,manyoftheworld’sagriculturalindustriesexperienceconstantwatershortages.
Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterforagriculturaluseindryareasanddryseasons,thecostsofwaterredistribution(重新分配)areveryhigh.Notonlyistherethecostoftheengineeringitself,butthereisalsoanenvironmentalcosttobeconsidered.Wherevalleys(山谷)arefloodedtocreatedams,housesarelostandwildlifehomesdestroyed.Besides,watermayfloweasilythroughpipestofields,butitcannotbetransportedfromonesideoftheworldtotheother.Eachcountrymustthereforerelyonthemanagementofitsownwatertosupplyitsfarmingrequirements.
Thisisparticularlytroublingforcountrieswithagriculturalindustriesinareasdependentonirrigation(灌溉).InTexas,farmers’overuseofirrigationwaterhasresultedina25%reductionofthewaterstores.IntheCentralValleyareaofsouthwesternUSA,ahugewaterengineeringprojectprovidedwaterforfarmingindryvalleys,butmuchofthewaterusehasbeenpoorlymanaged.
SaudiArabia’sattemptstogrowwheatindesertareashaveseenthepumpingofhugequantitiesofirrigationwaterfromundergroundreserves.Becausethereisnorainfallintheseareas,suchreservescanonlydecrease,anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry.
9Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearnthat .
A.muchoftheworld’swaterisavailableforuse
B.peopleinhighrainfallcountriesfeellucky
C.thecostsofwaterredistributionshouldbeconsidered
D.watercanbeeasilycarriedthroughpipesacrosstheworld
答案:
C
解析:
推理判断题。
根据文章第一段可知人口的不断增长给淡水的供应带来了压力。
第二段提到了解决水源缺乏的办法,但解决办法所付出的代价是巨大的,这不仅仅要考虑工程本身的代价,还要考虑对自然环境的破坏所付出的代价。
据此推断答案为C项。
根据第一段第二句话可知A项错误;第一段中的“...someonefortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry...”意思并非是说降水量大的地区的人们自身感到幸运,故B项错误;根据文章第二段倒数第二句话可知D项错误。
10WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.ThewaterstoresinTexashavebeenreducedby75%.
B.Mostindustriesintheworldsufferfromwatershortages.
C.TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightrunoutin50years.
D.GoodmanagementofwateruseresultedfromtheprojectintheCentralValley.
答案:
C
解析:
细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后一句话中的“...anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry.”可知C项正确;第三段第二句话提到水源储存减少了25%,而不是75%,由此可知A项错误;根据第一段最后一句中的“manyoftheworld’sagriculturalindustries...”可知B项中的Mostindustries有误;根据倒数第二段最后一句话,可知D项与文中叙述内容相反。
11Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?
A.Stepstoimprovingwaterusemanagement.
B.Waystoreducethecostsofbuildingdams.
C.Measurestodealwithworldwidewatershortages.
D.Approachestohandlingthepressureonwatersupply.
答案:
A
解析:
推理判断题。
文章第一段指出淡水资源的贫乏问题,第二段作者提出了解决水源贫乏问题的唯一可行的办法就是依靠对水源的管理,第三、四段分别介绍了两个国家在水源管理中出现的弊端。
据此推断接下来作者可能会具体谈改善水源利用的管理措施。
故选A项。
12Thetextismainlyabout .
A.watersupplyandincreasingpopulation
B.waterusemanagementandagriculture
C.waterredistributionandwildlifeprotection
D.watershortagesandenvironmentalprotection
答案:
B
解析:
主旨大意题。
第一段:
淡水资源匮乏与农业生产;第二段:
解决办法与农业灌溉;第三段:
美国农业灌溉用水管理中显现的问题;第四段:
沙特阿拉伯利用地下水进行农业灌溉显现的问题。
综合上述分析不难判断本文主要讲述的是水资源管理与农业。
虽然A、C、D三项中的内容文中有所提及,但都不能概括全文主旨。
故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
(导学号55580020)
Whatisayawn(哈欠)andwhydopeopleyawn?
Ayawnisoftenassociatedwithapersonbeingtired.13. Peopleyawnformanyreasonsincludingstress,boredom,emotionandoverwork.
Haveyounoticedth
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