GMAT机考样题及解析.docx
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GMAT机考样题及解析.docx
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GMAT机考样题及解析
“GMAT®questionsarethepropertyoftheGraduateManagementAdmissionCouncil®andarereprintedwiththeirpermission.”
GMATMini-TestQuestionsandAnswers
SentenceCorrection
INSTRUCTIONS
Thisquestionpresentsasentence,partofwhichorallofwhichisunderlined.Beneaththesentenceyouwillfindfivewaysofphrasingtheunderlinedpart.Thefirstoftheserepeatstheoriginal;theotherfouraredifferent.Ifyouthinktheoriginalisbest,choosethefirstanswer;otherwisechooseoneoftheothers.
Thisquestiontestscorrectnessandeffectivenessofexpression.Inchoosingyouranswer,followtherequirementsofstandardwrittenEnglish;thatis,payattentiontogrammar,choiceofwords,andsentenceconstruction.Choosetheanswerthatproducesthemosteffectivesentence;thisanswershouldbeclearandexact,withoutawkwardness,ambiguity,redundancy,orgrammaticalerror.
SentenceCorrectionQuestion1
Carbon-14datingrevealsthatthemegalithicmonumentsinBrittanyarenearly2,000yearsasoldasanyoftheirsupposedMediterraneanpredecessors.
EXPLANATION
Thefirst,thirdandlastchoicedonotstatethecomparisonlogically.Theexpressionasoldasindicatesequalityofage,butthesentenceindicatesthattheBrittanymonumentspredatetheMediterraneanmonumentsby2,000years.Inthesecondchoice,thebestanswer,olderthanmakesthepointofcomparisonclear.Thischoicealsocorrectlyusestheadjectivesupposed,ratherthantheadverbsupposedlyusedinthefourthandlastchoices,tomodifythenounphraseMediterraneanpredecessors.
SentenceCorrectionQuestion2
EachofHemingway'swives-HadleyRichardson,PaulinePfeiffer,MarthaGelhorn,andMaryWelsh-werestrongandinterestingwomen,verydifferentfromtheoftenpallidwomenwhopopulatehisnovels.
EXPLANATION
Eachchoiceexceptthethirdcontainserrorsofagreement.Inboththefirstandlastchoice,thesingularsubject(eachinthefirstchoice,everyoneinthelastchoice)doesnotagreewiththepluralverbwere,whileinthefourthchoice,thepluralsubjectwomenismismatchedwiththesingularverbwas.
Inthesecondchoicethesubjectandverbagree,butthedescriptivephraseplacedbetweenthemcreatesanillogicalstatementbecauseeachcannotbewives;eachcanbeoneofthewives,orawife.
Thepronounconstructionsinthefirst,second,fourthandlastchoicearewordy;also,thesecond,fourthandlastchoicesareveryawkwardlystructuredanddonotconveythepointaboutHemingway'swivesclearly.
Thethirdchoicecorrectlylinkswiveswithwere,eliminatestheunnecessarypronouns,andprovidesaclearerstructure.
SentenceCorrectionQuestion3
Theendoftheeighteenthcenturysawtheemergenceofprize-stockbreeding,withindividualbullsandcowsreceivingawards,fetchingunprecedentedprices,andexcitedenormousinterestwhenevertheywereputonshow.
EXPLANATION
Thethirdchoiceisthebest.Thethirdverbphraseintheseriesdescribingbullsandcowsshouldhavethesamegrammaticalformasthefirsttwo.Onlythethirdchoicehasapresentparticiple(or"-ing"form)thatisparallelwiththetwoprecedingverbs,receivingandfetching.
Insteadofthepresentparticiple,thefirstandsecondchoicesusethepasttense(excited),thefourthchoiceusesanauxiliaryverb(wouldexcite),andthelastchoiceusesthepastperfecttense(hadexcited).Additionally,theincorrectverbtensesinthesecondandlastchoiceareintroducedbyapronoun,it,thatlacksalogicalnounreferent.
SentenceCorrectionQuestion4
WhileJackieRobinsonwasaBrooklynDodger,hiscourageinthefaceofphysicalthreatsandverbalattackswasnotunlikethatofRosaParks,whorefusedtomovetothebackofabusinMontgomery,Alabama.
EXPLANATION
Thesecondandthirdchoicepresentfaultycomparisons:
inthesecondchoice,JackieRobinson'scourageiscomparedtoRosaParksherself,nottohercourage,andinthethirdchoiceitiscomparedtobothRosaParksandherrefusal.
ThefourthchoicedoesnotmakeitclearwhetheritwasJackieRobinsonorRosaParkswhoshowedcourageinrefusingtomovetothebackofthebus;infact,sayingforrefusingratherthanrefusedmakesitsoundasifcouragemovedtothebackofthebus.Thelastchoiceincorrectlyusesasratherthanliketocomparetwonounphrases.Thefirstchoiceisthebest.
SentenceCorrectionQuestion5
Inastronomytheterm"redshift"denotestheextenttowhichlightfromadistantgalaxyhasbeenshiftedtowardthered,orlong-wave,endofthelightspectrumbytherapidmotionofthegalaxyawayfromtheEarth.
EXPLANATION
Thefirstchoiceisbestbecauseitisidiomaticandbecauseitspassiveverbconstruction,hasbeenshifted,clearlyindicatesthatthelighthasbeenacteduponbytherapidmotion.
Inthesecondchoice,theactiveverbhasshiftedsuggeststhatthelight,notthemotion,istheagencyofaction,butsuchaconstructionleavesthephrasebytherapidmotionofthegalaxyawayfromtheEarthwithoutanylogicalorgrammaticalfunction.
Inthethirdchoice,theconstructiontheextentthatlightisungrammatical;denotestheextentmustbecompletedbytowhich.Thefourthchoiceincorrectlyemploysanactiveverb,shifting,andextentoflightisimpreciseandawkward.
Thelastchoiceisfaultybecauseitcontainsnoverbtoexpresstheactionperformedbytherapidmotion.
ReadingComprehension
INSTRUCTIONS
Thequestionsinthisgrouparebasedonthecontentofapassage.Afterreadingthepassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Answerallquestionsfollowingthepassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.
ReadingComprehensionQuestion1
Ameteorstreamiscomposedofdustparticlesthathavebeenejectedfromaparentcometatavarietyofvelocities.Theseparticlesfollowthesameorbitastheparentcomet,butduetotheirdifferingvelocitiestheyslowlygainonorfallbehindthedisintegratingcometuntilashroudofdustsurroundstheentirecometaryorbit.Astronomershavehypothesizedthatameteorstreamshouldbroadenwithtimeasthedustparticles'individualorbitsareperturbedbyplanetarygravitationalfields.Arecentcomputer-modelingexperimenttestedthishypothesisbytrackingtheinfluenceofplanetarygravitationoveraprojected5,000-yearperiodonthepositionsofagroupofhypotheticaldustparticles.Inthemodel,theparticleswererandomlydistributedthroughoutacomputersimulationoftheorbitofanactualmeteorstream,theGeminid.Theresearcherfound,asexpected,thatthecomputer-modelstreambroadenedwithtime.Conventionaltheories,howeverpredictedthatthedistributionofparticleswouldbeincreasinglydensetowardthecenterofameteorstream.Surprisingly,thecomputer-modelmeteorstreamgraduallycametoresembleathick-walled,hollowpipe.
WhenevertheEarthpassesthroughameteorstream,ameteorshoweroccurs.Movingatalittleover1,500,000milesperdayarounditsorbit,theEarthwouldtake,onaverage,justoveradaytocrossthehollow,computer-modelGeminidstreamifthestreamwere5,000yearsold.Twobriefperiodsofpeakmeteoractivityduringtheshowerwouldbeobserved,oneastheEarthenteredthethick-walled"pipe"andoneasitexited.ThereisnoreasonwhytheEarthshouldalwayspassthroughthestream'sexactcenter,sothetimeintervalbetweenthetwoburstsofactivitywouldvaryfromoneyeartothenext.
Hasthepredictedtwin-peakedactivitybeenobservedfortheactualyearlyGeminidmeteorshower?
TheGeminiddatabetween1970and1979showjustsuchabifurcation,asecondaryburstofmeteoractivitybeingclearlyvisibleatanaverageof19hours(1,200,000miles)afterthefirstburst.ThetimeintervalsbetweentheburstssuggesttheactualGeminidstreamisabout3,000yearsold.
Theprimaryfocusofthepassageisonwhichofthefollowing?
EXPLANATION
Thisquestionasksyoutoidentifytheprimaryfocusofthepassage.Thebestansweristhesecondchoice.Theauthordescribesthenewtheoreticalmodelinthefirstparagraph;inthefinalparagraphtheauthorstatesthatthedataobtainedfromactualobservationswhicharediscussedinthesecondandthirdparagraphs,isconsistentwiththenewtheoreticalmodel.
Thefirstchoiceisnotcorrect;thecomputermodelconfirmedtheastronomers'hypothesisthatmeteorstreamsbroadenwithtime,andalthoughthemodelyieldedanunexpectedresult,thepassagemakesnoreferencetofurtherareasforresearch,andonlyasinglephenomenonisdescribedinthepassage.And,thelastchoiceisnotcorrectbecauseitreversestheorderofevents.Themodelyieldedapredictionthatwassubsequentlyconfirmedbyobservationaldata;themodelwasnotconstructedtoexplainthedata.
ReadingComprehensionQuestion2
Traditionally,thefirstfirmtocommercializeanewtechnologyhasbenefitedfromtheuniqueopportunitytoshapeproductdefinitions,forcingfollowerstoadapttoastandardorinvestinanunprovenalternative.Today,however,thelargestpayoffsmaygotocompaniesthatleadindevelopingintegratedapproachesforsuccessfulmassproductionanddistribution.
ProducersoftheBetaformatforvideocassetterecorders(VCR's),forexample,werefirsttodeveloptheVCRcommerciallyin1975,butproducersoftherivalVHS(VideoHomeSystem)formatprovedtobemoresuccessfulatformingstrategicallianceswithotherproducersanddistributorstomanufactureandmarkettheirVCRformat.SeekingtomaintainexclusivecontroloverVCRdistribution,BetaproducerswerereluctanttoformsuchalliancesandeventuallylostgroundtoVHSinthecompetitionfortheglobalVCRmarket.
DespiteBeta's
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- GMAT 机考样题 解析