Heroism in The Old Man and The Sea1.docx
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Heroism in The Old Man and The Sea1.docx
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HeroisminTheOldManandTheSea1
Chapter1Introduction
ThispaperpaysattentiontotheheroisminTheOldManandTheSea,especiallytheheroismreflectedinthemainfigure—Santiago.SantiagoisatypicalimageofHemingway’sheroism.Inspiteof84daystakingwithoutafish,henevergivesuphishopeandfishagain,inthe85thdayhecatchabigMarlin,onthewaybackheconfrontswithsharks,theoldmanstruggleswithhugeandbrutalsharksbravelywhilethesharkseatupallhisfish.Atlasttheoldmantakesnothingbutapairofhugefishbone.Theoldmanmakesafailureinmaterialsbuthegetsavictoryinhisspirit.Besidesthese,heendeavorstodoeverythinginthemostperfectwaysandkeepstheindividualdisciplineforhimself.Whenfacingthedifficultiesandinjusticefate,heneverbowshishead.Hekeeps“thegraceunderpressure”.Santiago’sheroismcanbedefinedasthefamoussayinginthenovel:
Butmanisnotmadefordefeat—Amancanbedestroyedbutnodefeated.ThefeaturesofSantiagoheroismcanbesimplysummarizedasanunyieldingspiritwhichreflectedbyamaleimagewhokeepingthefaithinhardtime,strugglingwiththedifficulties,nevergivinguptohistragicfate,keepingthegraceandhonorinhisheart.
1.1SignificanceofResearch
HemingwayisarenownedAmericanauthoroftheTwentiethcenturywhocentershisnovelsaroundhispersonalexperiencesandaffections.Heisoneoftheauthorsnamed"TheLostGeneration."Hecouldnotcopewithpost-warAmerica,andthereforeheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe"toughguys,orHemingwaycodehero.Hemingwaydepictsmanyheroicimagesinhisnovels.InTheOldManandTheSea,Santiagoisjustthetypicalkindofcodehero.Heshowshisgraceandcouragewhenfacingdifficultiesandinjusticefate.comparedwithotherheroicimagesinHemingway’snovel,Santiagohashisowndistinguishedtraits,heisnotstrongenough,hestillholdhishopesafterhisdisillusion;theoptimisticspiritisreflectedinhispersonalities.Andthiskindofheroismisverypreciousandworthyofadvocatinginourmoderntime.
1.2OrganizationofthePaper
Thisthesisconsistsof5chapters.Chapter1istheintroductionofthethesis.Chapter2isabouttheliteraturereviewofthisthesis.Chapter3isaboutthegeneralintroductionoftheauthorandthenovelTheOldManandTheSea.Chapter4isaboutanalyzinghehero-Santiagoandhisheroism.Chapter5containsabriefsummaryandconclusion.
Chapter2LiteratureReview
2.1Codehero
Hemingwayisknowntofocushisnovelsaroundcodeheroeswhostrugglewiththemixtureoftheirtragicfaultsandthesurroundingenvironment.HemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroas"amanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful."(ErnestHemingway,1954,Codehero,1)
TraitsofatypicalHemingwayCodeHeroarealoveofgoodtimes,stimulatingsurroundings,andstrictmoralrules,includinghonesty.(Dedecms,2010,“OnHemingway’s“CodeHero”)TheCodeHeroalwaysexhibitssomeformofaphysicalwoundthatservesashistragicflawandtheweaknessofhischaracter.TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.TheCodebelievesin"Nada,"aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnoafterlife.TheCodeHeroistypicallyanindividualistandfree-willed.Althoughhebelievesintheidealsofcourageandhonorhehashisownsetofmoralsandprinciplesbasedonhisbeliefsinhonor,courageandendurance.Acodeheronevershowsemotions;showingemotionsandhavingacommitmenttowomenshowsweakness.Qualitiessuchasbravery,adventuresomeandtravelalsodefinetheCodeHero.AfinaltraitoftheCodeHeroishisdislikeofthedark.Itsymbolizesdeathandisasourceoffearforhim.TheriteofmanhoodfortheCodeHeroisfacingdeath.However,oncehefacesdeathbravelyandbecomesamanhemustcontinuethestruggleandconstantlyprovehimselftoretainhismanhood.
2.2HeroisminHemmingway’scharacterizationandwritingstyle
Hemingwayisamasterincharacterization;hisbookpaintstheimageofwholegeneration,theLostGeneration.ThisincludetheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutofffromtheoldvalueandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationhadgonemad.JakeBarnes(theheroofThesunalsorise),RobertCohn,BrettAshleyareseenwanderingpointlesslyandrestlessandimpotent.Theirworldseemscrazyandmeaninglessandfutile.Theirwholelifeisundercutanddefeated.ThatisamainfeatureofHemingway’sworks,theheroesinhisworksareoftenwithtragicfates.(常耀信,2009,AsurveyofAmericanliterature,222)BecauseafterSpanishwar,Hemingway’sisaworldessentiallychaoticandmeaningless,inwhichmanfightssolitarystruggleagainsttheforcehedoesnotevenunderstand,Theawarenessthatitmustendindefeat,nomatterhowhardhestrivesagainstit,engendersasenseofdespair,buttheHemingwayheropossesswhatBertrandRussellterms“despairing“despairingcourage”.(常耀信,2009,AsurveyofAmericanliterature,222)Itisthecouragethatenablesamanbehavelikeaman,toasserthisdignityinfaceofadversity.ThisistheessenceofacodeofhonorinwhichallofHemingway’sheroesbelieve.HerestandtheHemingway’shero,anaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes,sensitiveandintelligent,amanofaction,andoneoffewwords.Hereisanindividualist,aloneevenwhenwithotherpeople,keepingemotionundercontrol,stoicandself-deciplinedindreadfulplacewhereonecannotfeelhappiness.TheexampleswereseeninThesunalsoriseandAfarewelltoarms.
IntermsofHemingway’sstylisticfeature,Hemingway’sstyleisdeliberatedandpolishedandisnevernaturalasitseemstobe,andit’ssimplicitycanbedisastrouslydeceptive,asitishighlysuggestiveandconnotativeandcapableofofferinglayersofundercurrentsofmeaning.Hemingway’sstrengthliesinhisshortsentencesandveryspecificdetailsHisshortsentencesarepowerfullyloadedwiththetensionwhichheseesinlife.(常耀信,2009,AsurveyofAmericanliterature,227)
Chapter3TheintroductionoftheauthorandTheOldManandTheSea
3.1Generalintroductionoftheauthor—ErnestHemingway
3.1.1Hislifeexperienceandhisworks
ErnestMillerHemingway(July21,1899–July2,1961)wasanAmericanauthorandjournalist.Hisdistinctivewritingstyle,characterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement,influenced20th-centuryfiction,asdidhislifeofadventureandpublicimage.Heproducedmostofhisworkbetweenthemid-1920sandthemid-1950s.HewontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.Hemingway'sfictionwassuccessfulbecausethecharactershepresentedexhibitedauthenticitythatresonatedwithhisaudience.ManyofhisworksareclassicsofAmericanliterature.Hepublishedsevennovels,sixshortstorycollections,andtwonon-fictionworksduringhislifetime;afurtherthreenovels,fourcollectionsofshortstories,andthreenon-fictionworkswerepublishedposthumously.
HemingwaywasbornandraisedinOakPark,Illinois.AfterleavinghighschoolheworkedforafewmonthsasareporterforTheKansasCityStar,beforeleavingfortheItalianfronttobecomeanambulancedriverduringWorldWar I,whichbecamethebasisforhisnovelAFarewelltoArms.Hewasseriouslywoundedandreturnedhomewithintheyear.In1922HemingwaymovedtoParis,whereheworkedasaforeigncorrespondent.Duringhistimetherehemetandwasinfluencedbymodernistwritersandartistsofthe1920sexpatriatecommunityknownasthe"LostGeneration".Hisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRises,waspublishedin1926.AndthenhewroteForWhomtheBellTollsfromhisexperienceinSpanishcivilwar.Theexperienceinwarfieldinspiredhisnovelwritingespeciallyintermsofdepictingthetoughguysinhisnovel.
3.2AgeneralintroductionofTheoldmanandthesea
3.2.1Thewritingbackgroundofthenovel
Theoldmanandtheseawasrepublishedin1952,andwonHemingwayNobelprizein1954.isbasedontruestory.DuringWWⅡ,HemingwaymovedtoCuba,andmetanoldfisherman,Gregory.In1930,Hemingway’sboatsufferedstormandtheoldfishermansavedhim.Fromthenon,HemingwayandGregoryforgedadeepfriendship,andtheyoftenfishtogether.
In1936,Gregorycaughtafishfromfaraway.butthefishistoobig,hedraggeditfromtheseaforalongtime,andonthewaybeckasharkattacksattackedhimandhetooknothingbutapairoffishbone.ThiseventtouchedHemingwaydeeplyandinspirehimtowritethefamousnovelTheoldmanandthesea
TheothercircumstancesthatmadeHemingwaywrotethenovelwasHemingway’swritingcapabilityhadbeenquestionedbypeopleatthattime.Underkindsofgossip,HemingwaydecidedtowriteTheOldManandtheSeawhichhadbeenconstructedinhismindformorethan10years.Atlast,thismasterpieceprovedhiswritingtalent.
3.2.2ThemaincontentofTheoldmanandthesea.
Theoldmanandtheseaisapoetictragicnoveltoldinlanguageofgreatsimplicityandpower.ItsheroisanoldCubanfisherman---Santiago,whoisalwaysunlucky,andtriestofightagainsthisfate.InthisstorySantiagohasgonefor84dayswithoutcatchingafish.Asaresult,Manolin,alittleboy,whoalwayssailwithhim,isforbiddentosailwithhimandforcedtocatchfishinanother“good-lucky”shipbyhisparents.
Sotheoldmanfishalone,onthe85thday,withagreatefforthesucceedsinhookingagiantmarlin
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