信息技术对现代企业管理的影响外文翻译.docx
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信息技术对现代企业管理的影响外文翻译.docx
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信息技术对现代企业管理的影响外文翻译
外文翻译
原文
TheImpactoftheInformatizationalTechnologiesuponManagingandOrganizingaModernEnterpriseMaterial
Source:
JournalofAppliedComputerScience&Mathematics,SpecialIssue
Author:
CameliaMIHALCIUC,IrinaCIBOTARIU,AnisoaraAPETRIStefancelMareUniversityofSuceava,Romani
Abstract:
Intheconditionsofaninformatizationalsociety,amodernenterprisecannotsurvivewithoutdisposingofrealtimeinformatization,byconsideringbothitsinternalandexternalsides.Sometasks,suchascollecting,processing,storingorprovidingofinformatizationandknowledgewillcomeuptotheinformatizationalsystemofanenterprise.Takingintoaccounttheinformatizationalpointofview,amodernenterprisehastobeconnectedtothenewestinformatizationandcommunicationtechnologies,asconcernsthemomentofreportingupon.Startingfromthesereasons,theauthorsofthispapertriedtoprovethatorganizationshavehadanimmediateimpactupontheinformatizationaltechnologies,bytakingdecisionsasconcernsthewaythesewillbeusedandtheirpartwithininformatizationalsystems.Theinformatizationtechnologyhasalwayschangedtheeducationandlearningprocesses,andhadalsocontinuedtochangedrasticallythetypeofworkandoforganizations.Thekeyelementwithinthisdramaticprocesshasbeenrepresentedbytheinformatizationanditsmeanofcarryingout,beingusedbyvariousorganizationmembers.
Keywords:
InformatizationalTechnologies;ModernEnterprise;InformatizationalSystem;InformaticsSystem
I.INTRODUCTION
Oneofthemainobjectivesspecifictoanenterprise’slifeisrepresentedbytheinformatizationalsystemmanagement,whereaninformatizationalflowwhichexiststoeachorganizationhastobeknown,sothattheenterpriseshouldmeetthemarket.
Requirements.
Theprogressiveorganizationshaveperformedthebestonusingcomputersandinformatizationtechnology,inordertoguidetheefficiencyofexploitingandoforganizations’functioning;theprogressiveorganizationshavealsocarriedoutsubstantialimprovementsovertheperformance.Theseorganizationshavestronglyinvestedintechnologyandresearch,soastodevelopthecompetitiveadvantageoflowcosts,ofbetterqualitytoproductsandservices,muchmoreimprovedforallusers.Thesociallifehasbeendevelopedonmultiplelevelsandbymanytypesofactivitiesthatcomprisetheso-calledbodieshavingdifferentorganizationalshapesandstructures,specifictothehumansociety;thesociallifehasalsobeenaccompaniedbydifferentinformatizationexchanges,bothbetweenpeoplethemselvesandbetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.Theworldexperiencehasproventhatthemainfactorswhichareconditioningtheachievementoftheeconomicorothertypesofsuccessandwhichareseparating,inaccordancetotheirperformances,somecountries,fieldsofactivity,tradingcompaniesorotherbodieshavebeenmainlyrepresentedbythemanagement,technologiesandtheabilityofusingintelligentlytheinformatizationalandhumanresources.Nonaturalorsocialsystemcanexistwithoutinformatizationexchanges,whichshouldtakeplacebetweentheinternalcomponentsofasystem,andalsobetweenasystemandotherexternalbodies.Peopleworkinginorganizations,eitherhighorlow,andcarryingoutvariousactivities,havetodisposeofappropriateinformatization,attherighttimeandrightplace,iftheywishtoexecutetheirtasksasefficientaspossible.Thisfactmightbepossiblebymeansofinformatizationsystems,whichuseoneofthelatestnewinformatizationtechnology,inordertocollect,process,organizeandsharedata,soastobecomeessentialinformatization.Suchsystemshaveproventhepotentialofbringingmajorcontributionstowardstheorganizationsefficiency.
Withinthepresentcompetitioncontextoftheglobaleconomy,theefficiencyofanenterprisehasalsobeenconditionedbythequalityofdecisionstakenbyitsmanagement.Takingthebestdecisionhasalwaysinvolvedtheaccesstoahighervolumeofinformatizationandacomplexprocessoftheiranalysisandsynthesis.
Thecontinuousresearch,startedinthenineties,hasprovedthatinformatizationrepresentsacentralvectorofthepolicyspecifictoenterprisescommunications,andalsothe“mass”consumergoods,beingusedbyamultitudeofusers:
smallandmiddleenterprises,companiesquotedtostockexchanges,investors,thestate,etc.Therefore,theinformatization,meaningalldatacommunicated,representsabasiccomponentoftheinformatizationalsystem.
II.DEFINITIONANDSIGNIFICANCEOFTHEINFORMATIZATIONALSYSTEM
Thestartingpointinordertodevelopaninformatizationalsystemisfirstlyrepresentedbydefiningthesystem’snotion.Withinthecurrentlanguageofthemoderncivilization,usingthemostvarioushypostasisspecifictosystem’snotionismostlymet,anotionthatseemstobeassociatedtotheconceptofexcessivegenerality.Theideaofsystemhasknownmultiplerecognitions,whichwillbeforwardspresented.
Asystemsignifiesan“assemblyofindependentelementsthatareinteractinginordertoreachanobjective”;thisdefinitionmighttakeintoconsiderationthecharacteristicsspecifictothegoal,environment,progress,uncertainty,levelofobservation,thusallowingtheprogressiveevolutionfromtheambiguousuniversalitytowardstheareaofprobability,andthentowardscertainty,bymeansofusingiterationsbetweentheinputandoutputelementsofthesystem.
Theneologismsdictionarydefinesthesystemasbeing“anassemblyofelementsinteractingbetweenthemselves,butequalasdevelopmenttoenvironmentandcoordinates,dependinguponafinality”.AccordingtoLobstein,theideaofsystemmightbedefinedbyrepresentinganassemblyofelements,connectedbyrelationships“preciselyestablishedandwhicharefunctioningsoastoreachcertaingoals.”Oneofthemostknowndefinitionsofthesystemconcept,asstatedbyR.G.Coyle,isthatrelatedtothefactthatasystemisacollectionofsomeorganizedparts–connectedforacertaingoal.Accordingtootheropinions,asystemmightbeassignedtoaconcepttransposedtowardsthefieldofabstractthinkingaboutsomefacts,objects,processes,etc.,belongingtotherealworld,wherethetransposinghasfollowedalogicalstructurepreviouslyestablished.Asconcernstheinteractionvariables,suchasthetransformationprocessandthemanager,theapproachwillbethusemphasized:
a)Atinteraction,therearefourtypesofvariables:
-Theinputvariables:
theserepresentdataprovidedbythesystem’sexternalside,necessaryandadequatefor
Functioning;
-Theoutputvariables:
signifythoseresultsproducedbythesystem’sfunctioningintheexternalside;
-Theessentialvariables:
arethoseoutputsrepresentingtheevaluationcriteriatowardstheestablishedgoals;
-Theactionvariables:
theycorrespondtosomeinputsthatareoperational.
b)Theprocessoftransformationincludestheoperationalrulesandprocedures,whichdependinguponinputsandactionvariable,willgeneratetheinputsandtheessentialvariables.
c)Themanager:
-establishestheobjectives,thusdeterminingtheacceptablevaluesfortheessentialvariables,bymeansofmentioningatrajectory,whichwillbeusedsoastoreachcertainvalues;
-determinesthepotentialactionvariables;
-controlsthesystem’sprogress,comparingthevaluesachievedbytheessentialvariableswiththegivenvalues,thussettingintomotiontheactionvariables.Thecontemporaneoustheoryspecifictomanagementpleadstowardsthevisionoverphenomenaandprocesseswithinastronginterdependency,consideringthatnotonlycomponentelementsareimportant,butalsotherelationshipsbetweenthem.
Accordingtosystem’supholders,tothosefollowersofsystemicapproaches,theroutine,intuitionandhazardhavetobereplacedbyscientificmethodsofthinkingandaction,wherecomponentpartsofanentireareatleastofthesamesignificanceastheestablishingentity,andSystemsGeneralTheory(SGT)isseenasalogical-mathematicalinstrumentofstrongandrationaltreatmentofthereality.Thescientificmanagementemphasizesthesystemicvisionoveranenterprise,consideringthatthiswillmakepartofcyberneticsystems,whichprovetheabilityofself-adjustment,bymeansofsomehumantypeawarefactors,havingincludedwithintheirstructureasub-systemofdecisionmakingoradjustment.Thepropertyofself-adjustmentisemphasizedbytheabilityofsystemsonreactingtowardsthedisturbancefactors,eitherinternalorexternal,andofmaintainingtheselfcontrollingondifferentdurationsoftime.Thesystemicschool,seenas“promoterofthemodernmanagement”,hasofferedcomplexvariousinstrumentsofauditingandstudying,intendedtounderstandthefunctionalityofenterprises,toidentifyinordertoanalyze,toanalyzeinordertoexplain,andtoexplain,inordertoimprove.
Thecomplexanalysisofsystemsisbasedupontheideathatsystem’sperformancesmightbecontinuouslyimproved,thatperfectingtheorganizationandmanagementexisttoanysystem,andalsosomepossibilitiesofimprovingthesystem’stechnical,economical,financialorinformatizational-decisionalperformances,etc.Inthisway,theinformatizationalsystemmightbedefinedastheassemblyofdata,informatization,flowsandinformatizationalcircuits,specificforbringingacontributiontotheestablishment,substantiationandaccomplishmentofanenterprise’sobjectives.
Oneoftheparticularcomponentsoftheorganizationandmanagementsystemstowardstheeconomicagentisestablishedbyitsinformatizationalcircuits.Generally,theinformatizationrepresentsnews,anoveltyormessageprovidedbyanyfieldo
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