完整名词性从句文档格式.docx
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完整名词性从句文档格式.docx
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Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:
.
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…
Itisapity(ashame,afact,nowonder,etc.)that…
Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
Itseems,happen,etc,that
Itisobviousthathedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.
Itisafactthattheworldisround
Itiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.
二、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;
b.引导表语从句时;
c.引导从句作介词宾语时;
d.从句后有“ornot”时;
e.后接动词不定式时。
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。
Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?
你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;
当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.It不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
Wethinkitpossiblethatthepricewillrise.find/make/see/hear/feel/think…+it+adj./n.+that…句型中,it作形式宾语,that引导真正的宾语从句,不能省;
三.表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,可接表语从句的系动词有(be,look,seem,etc),有时用asif引导。
不用if引导。
其基本结构为:
主语+系动词+that从句。
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’sjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,
(1)当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning
(2),表示“建议,劝告,命令”含义的名词后表语从句中,谓语动词要用“should+do”,should可以省略。
此类词有:
advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;
that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
1)Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebattlesoonspreadoverthewholecountry.
(同位语从句)
2)Thenewsyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.(定语从句)
①Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明,that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
②Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定,that在该从句中充当宾语)
①ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim. (that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明,that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
②ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news,第二个that引导表语从句)
Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.
(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.(that引导同位语从句)
五、注意几组易混连词的使用
1)what与that
that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;
what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。
而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。
Thathewillsucceedisobvious.
(引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)
Whatshetoldmeisnottrue.
(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)
________hesaidistrue.
A.WhatB.That C.Which
D.Whether
2)肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句,否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句,例如:
Idoubtwhetherit’strue.
Idoubtifthatwaswhathewanted.
Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.
专项考点练习
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?
Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;
whatB.What;
thatC.That;
thatD.What;
what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;
whoB.every;
whoeverC.whichever;
whoeverD.either;
whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;
whyB.That;
whyC.What;
becauseD.Why;
that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
thatB.That;
thatC.What;
whatD.That;
what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;
whatgiveweB.whatweget;
whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;
whatdowegiveD.howweget;
thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.It'
s____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:
1---5AAABA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
【Exercises】:
1.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike
B.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklike
D.howourvillagelookslike(89)
2.Canyoumakesure______thegoldring?
A.whereAlicehadput
B.wheredidAliceput
C.whereAlicehasput
D.wherehasAliceput(90)
3.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklike
B.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhat
D.whatlookwillmanlike(91)
4.--Wehaven'
theardfromJanealongtime.
--Whatdoyousuppose_____toher?
A.washappening
B.hashappened
Ctohappen
D.havinghappened(91)
5.Goandgetyourcoat.It'
s_____youleftit.
A.there
B.where
C.therewhere
D.wherethere(92)
6._____the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.
A.Whenever
B.If
C.Whether
D.That(92)
7._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.
A.What
B.That
C.Thatfact
D.Thematter(93)
8.--Doyouremember_____hecame?
--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A.how
B.when
C.that
D.it(94)
9._____wecan'
tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.
A.What,what
B.What,that
C.That,that
D.That,what(95)
11.Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.Howeverlateishe
B.Howeverheislate
C.Howeverishelate
D.Howeverlateheis(97)
12.Dr,BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCamb
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