专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解十六Word文档格式.docx
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专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解十六Word文档格式.docx
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saysLewisMandell,aprofessorattheUniversityofWashingtonwhoafter15yearsofstudyingfinancial-literacyprogramshascometotheconclusionthatcurrentmethodsdon'
twork.Agrowingnumberofresearchersandeducatorsagreethatamoreradicalapproachisneeded.Theyadvocatestartingfinancialeducationalotearlierthanhighschool,puttingrealmoneyandspendingdecisionsintokids"
handsandtalkingopenlyabouttheemotionsandsocialinfluencestiedtohowwespend.
Otherinitiativesaretacklingsuchreal-worldissuesasthecommercialandsocialpressuresthataffectpurchasingdecisions.Whyexactlydoyouwantthoseexpensivename-brandsneakerssobadly?
Ittakesconfidencetotakeastandandtothinkdifferently,"
saysJerooBillimoria,founderofAflatoun,anonprofitwhosecurriculum,usedinmorethan30countries,aimstohelpkidsgetalegupintheirfinanciallives."
Thisgoesbeyondmoneyandsavings."
Amidsuchacomplicatedlandscape,someexpertsquestionwhethertherecouldeverbeenougheducationtoadequatelyprepareAmericansforfinanciallife.Abettersolution,thesecriticscontend,istoreformthesystem."
Whatworksiscreatinginstitutionsthatmakeiteasytodotherightthing,"
saysDavidLaibson,aHarvardeconomicsprofessorwho,likeMandell,hasdecidedafteryearsofresearchthateducationisn'
tasilverbullet.OneideabeingdiscussedinWashingtonistheautomaticIRA.Employerswouldhavetoenrolleachworkerinapersonalretirement-savingsaccountunlessthatworkerdecidedtooptout.
Yeteventheskepticsareslowtowriteofffinancialeducationcompletely.Morethananything,theysay,weneedtorigorouslystudythefinancialdecisionsofalumniofprogramslikeArielandAflatounandcomparethemwiththoseofpeerswhodidn'
tgetthesamesortofeducation."
Untilyouhaveexperimentalevidence,it'
sallalittlespeculative,"
saysMichaelSherraden,aprofessoratWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louiswhoisconductingaseven-year,randomized,controlledstudyonwhethergivingchildrenbankaccountsinculcatesthehabitofsaving.Yes,good,solidresearchlikethistakesalotoftimeandresources.Butifwhatwe'
redoingrightnowisn'
tworking,it'
sinourownbestinteresttofigureoutwhatdoes.1.Whatissaidabouttraditionalfinancial-literacyeducation?
A.Schooldistrictsinstatesaddfinancialcoursestotheircurriculums.
B.Thebenefitsfromlearningfinancialcourseslastalifelongtime.
C.Financialknow-howfromclassisalsohelpfulinreallife.
D.Financial-literacymovementhasbeenfailedoverthepastdecade.
答案:
A
[解答]推理判断题A对B错。
第二、三段是对传统金融知识教育方法的说明。
第二段第二句提到新泽西州和伊利诺伊等州的学区开设了理财课程,由此可知A项正确。
第三段首句提到即使在全国财政能力挑战比赛中取得最好成绩,可能也不会为学生带来多少长远利益,故B项错误。
第三段第二句提到几乎没有证据表明提高学生理财知识的传统办法在课堂之外起了作用,故C项错误。
第三段第三句说的是过去十年理财扫盲运动在兴起,而不是一直失败,故D项错误。
2.Agrowingnumberofresearchersandeducatorsadvocatearadicalapproachthat
A.tacklesreal-worldissuesthataffectpurchasingdecisions.
B.startsfinancialeducationfromhighschoolinsteadofadults.
C.putskidsinfinancialenvironmenttolearnfromlifeexperiences.
D.avoidsdiscussingtheemotionsandsocialinfluencesaboutspending.
C
[解答]事实细节题。
第四段中提到越来越多的研究人员和教育工作者认为我们有必要采取更彻底的办法。
他们主张在高中以前就开展金融教育,给孩子现金,并把支出权交给孩子,并和他们坦诚地讨论与花钱方式相关的情绪和社会影响,也就是说让孩子在现实生活中学习理财,故C正确。
A是第五段中其他人的倡议想法,故排除;
B与高中以前开展理财教育相悖;
D与原文意思相反,故错误。
3.WhatdoesMichaelSherradenthinkofthefinancialeducationofprogramslikeArielandAflatoun?
A.It'
sfruitfulwithoutanydoubt.
B.It'
sstillunderexperiment.
C.Itturnsouttobeafailure.
D.Itneedsevidencetoproveitssuccess.
D
第七段第三句中MichaelSherraden说“除非你有实验证据,否则这一切都只是推测,”由此可以看出他认为需要有证据证明Ariel和Aflatoun等课程是否有效,故D正确。
4.AllofthefollowingstatementscontainametaphorEXCEPTthat
A....butchancesforlong-termbenefitsareslim.(Para.3)
B.Evenasthefinancial-literacymovementhasgainedsteamoverthepastdecade...(Para.3)
C....aimstohelpkidsgetalegupintheirfinanciallives.(Para.5)
D....hasdecidedafteryearsofresearchthateducationisn'
tasilverbullet.(Para.6)
[解答]修辞格题。
A中slim只是形容词,在此形容benefits,意为“微小的,渺茫的”,不是比喻义,所以A为答案。
B中steam本意为“水蒸气,蒸汽压力”,此处比喻“扫盲运动的兴起”;
C.alegup是指“具有优势”,leg比喻为“优势”;
D中的silverbullet并不是指“银子弹”,而是比喻为“灵丹妙药”。
5.What'
stheauthor'
sattitudetowardsfinancialeducation?
A.Suspicious.
B.Objective.
C.Supportive.
D.Critical.
B
[解答]观点态度题。
最后一段末作者说如果我们现在做的不奏效,那么弄清楚要怎样做才好对我们来说是最有益的了。
由此可以看出作者并没有明确表示出当前的金融教育是否是正确的方法,只是致力于找出最合适的方法,故作者对理财教育的态度是客观的,B正确。
TEXTB
Weallknowthatemotionsoriginateinthebrain.Butweusuallytalkaboutouremotionscomingfromourhearts.Ifsomeoneyouknowdoesn'
tgiveupeasily,youmightsay,"
He'
sgotalotofheart."
Noteveryculturewouldagree—forinstance,whenItalianswanttosaysomeonehasheart,theysayinstead,"
Halegato"
:
Hehasliver."
Butwhataboutbademotions?
Whenyoufeelsosadorsoangrythatyourheart"
aches,"
coulditactuallybetrue?
Twonewstudiesaddsupporttothetheorythat,yes,whatgoesoninyourmindcan,literally,breakyourheart.Inthefirststudy,justpublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology(J.A.C.C.,)ateamofeightresearcherslookingatmorethan63,000womenwhowereparticipantsintheongoingNurses'
HealthStudy,foundthatthosewhoreportedbasicsymptomsofdepression(likefeelingdownandincapableofhappiness)hadahigher-than-normalriskofcoronaryheartdisease.Andwomenwhowereclinicallydepressedweremorethantwiceaslikelyasotherwomentosuffersuddencardiacdeath.Noneoftheparticipantshadheartproblemsatthestudy'
soutset,butnearly8%hadsymptomsofdepression.
Theresearcherstheorizethatdepressionmighthavesomedirectphysiologicalimpactontheheart—likecausingittoworkharderinthefaceofstress.Thestudyalsofoundthatthemoredepressedwomenwere,themorelikelytheyweretosmokecigarettesorhavehighbloodpressureanddiabetes—notexactlyheart-healthyconditions.Oritmaybethattheantidepressantsprescribedtotreatthosewithmoodproblemswereassociatedwithheartailments;
inthestudy,suddencardiacdeathwaslinkedmorestronglywithantidepressantusethanwithwomen'
ssymptomsofdepression.
Theanti-depressanttheoryisjustthat—atheory.Itcouldbethattheanti-depressanttakersinthestudyweresimplythemostdepressed.Butifthetheoryissubstantiatedbyfurtherresearch,itwouldaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthatanti-depressantscarryahighrisk(particularlyforteenagers)whenweighedagainstthedrugs'
stilluncertainbenefits.Scientistshavealreadyshownthatanti-depressantsareabadideaforthoseabouttoundergocoronaryarterybypasssurgery.
Nooneissureexactlyhowdepressionhurtstheheart,andoneplausibleexplanationisthatthetrainrunsintheoppositedirection—adamagedheartanditsconsequentstressonthebodymightactivate,somehow,genesorotherphysiologicalchangesthatcontributetodepression.
Butanothernewpaper,alsopublishedintheJ.A.C.C.,lendscredencetotheideathatitisourmoodsthatworkonourheartsandnottheotherwayaround.Inthispaper,researchersfromUniversityCollegeLondonreviewedthefindingsof39previouslypublishedarticlesandfoundthatmenwhoareangryandhostilearesignificantlymorelikelytohaveacardiaceventthanthosewhoaren'
t.Thatmaysoundunsurprising—weallknowthatangercanstressyourheart.Butit'
simportanttonotethedifferencebetweenaggressionandjustbeingaggressive.Previousstudies(here'
sone)havefoundthatso-calledtypeA'
s—thosewhoaredriven,competitiveandobsessedwithdeadlines—arenotmorelikelytoexperienceheartdisease.Inotherwords,yourtypeAco-workerswhoareannoyinglyambitiousanddutifularenomorelikelytohaveaheartattackthanyouare.Rather,it'
stheseething,angrytypeswithunderlyinghostilitywhoarethetickingtimebombs.Anger,itturnsout,isphysiologicallytoxic.
Theauthorsofthesecondpaperofferthestandardtheoriesaboutbowanangryemotiontranslatestoaphysicalheartattack:
angrypeoplehaveahardertimesleeping;
theytakeprescribeddrugslessoften;
theyeatworse,exerciseless,smokemoreandarefatter.Thesethingsaddup:
comparedwiththegood-humored,thosewhowereangryandhostile—buthadnosignsofheartproblemsattheoutset—endedupwitha19%higherriskofdevelopingcoronaryheartdisease,accordingtotheUniversityCollegeLondonpaper.
Thetwostudiesreifygenders
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