电气工程毕业设计外文资料翻译.docx
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电气工程毕业设计外文资料翻译.docx
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电气工程毕业设计外文资料翻译
附录:
外文资料翻译
外文资料原文:
AVirtualEnvironmentforProtectiveRelayingEvaluationandTesting
A.P.SakisMeliopoulosandGeorgeJ.Cokkinides
Abstract—Protectiverelayingisafundamentaldisciplineofpowersystemengineering.AtGeorgiaTech,weofferthreecoursesthatcoverprotectiverelaying:
anundergraduatecoursethatdevotesone-thirdofthesemesteronrelaying,agraduatecourseentitled“PowerSystemProtection,”andathree-and-a-half-dayshortcourseforpracticingengineers.Tomaximizestudentunderstandingandtrainingontheconcepts,theory,andtechnologyassociatedwithprotectiverelaying,wehavedevelopedanumberofeducationaltools,allwrappedinavirtualenvironment.Thevirtualenvironmentincludesa)apowersystemsimulator,b)asimulatorofinstrumentationforprotectiverelayingwithvisualizationandanimationmodules,c)specificprotectiverelaymodelswithvisualizationandanimationmodules,andd)interfacestohardwaresothattestingofactualrelayingequipmentcanbeperformed.Werefertothissetofsoftwareasthe“virtualpowersystem.”Thevirtualpowersystempermitsthein-depthcoverageoftheprotectiverelayingconceptsinminimumtimeandmaximizesstudentunderstanding.Thetoolisnotusedinapassiveway.Indeed,thestudentsactivelyparticipatewithwell-designedprojectssuchasa)designandimplementationofmultifunctionalrelays,b)relaytestingforspecificdisturbances,etc.Thepaperdescribesthevirtualpowersystemorganizationand“engines,”suchassolver,visualization,andanimationofprotectiverelays,etc.Italsodiscussestheutilizationofthistoolinthecoursesviaspecificapplicationexamplesandstudentassignments.
IndexTerms—Algebraiccompanionform,animation,relaying,time-domainsimulation,visualization.
I.INTRODUCTION
RELAYINGhasalwaysplayedaveryimportantroleinthesecurityandreliabilityofelectricpowersystems.Asthetechnologyadvances,relayinghasbecomemoresophisticatedwithmanydifferentoptionsforimprovedprotectionofthesystem.Itisindisputablethatrelayinghasmadesignificantadvanceswithdramaticbeneficialeffectsonthesafetyofsystemsandprotectionofequipment.Yet,becauseofthecomplexityofthesystemandmultiplicityofcompetingfactors,relayingisachallengingdiscipline.
Despitealloftheadvancesinthefield,unintendedrelayoperations(misoperations)dooccur.Manyeventsofoutagesandblackoutscanbeattributedtoinappropriaterelayingsettings,unanticipatedsystemconditions,andinappropriateselectionofinstrumenttransformers.Designofrelayingschemesstrivestoanticipateallpossibleconditionsforthepurposeofavoidingundesirableoperations.Practicingrelayengineersutilizeatwo-stepproceduretominimizethepossibilityofsuchevents.First,inthedesignphase,comprehensiveanalysesareutilizedtodeterminethebestrelayingschemesandsettings.Second,ifsuchaneventoccurs,anexhaustivepost-mortemanalysisisperformedtorevealtherootcauseoftheeventandwhat“wasmissed”inthedesignphase.Thepost-mortemanalysisoftheseeventsisfacilitatedwiththeexistingtechnologyofdisturbancerecordings(viafaultdisturbancerecordersorembeddedinnumericalrelays).Thisprocessresultsinaccumulationofexperiencethatpassesfromonegenerationofengineerstothenext.
Animportantchallengeforeducatorsisthetrainingofstudentstobecomeeffectiveprotectiverelayingengineers.Studentsmustbeprovidedwithanunderstandingofrelayingtechnologythatencompassesthemultiplicityoftherelayingfunctions,communications,protocols,andautomation.Inaddition,adeepunderstandingofpowersystemoperationandbehaviorduringdisturbancesisnecessaryforcorrectrelayingapplications.Intoday’scrowdedcurricula,thechallengeistoachievethistrainingwithinaveryshortperiodoftime,forexample,onesemester.Thispaperpresentsanapproachtomeetthischallenge.Specifically,weproposetheconceptofthevirtualpowersystemforthepurposeofteachingstudentsthecomplextopicofprotectiverelayingwithinashortperiodoftime.
Thevirtualpowersystemapproachispossiblebecauseoftwofactors:
a)recentdevelopmentsinsoftwareengineeringandvisualizationofpowersystemdynamicresponses,andb)thenewgenerationofpowersystemdigital-object-orientedrelays.Specifically,itispossibletointegratesimulationofthepowersystem,visualization,andanimationofrelayresponseandrelaytestingwithinavirtualenvironment.Thisapproachpermitsstudentstostudycomplexoperationofpowersystemsandsimultaneouslyobserverelayresponsewithprecisionandinashorttime.
Thepaperisorganizedasfollows:
First,abriefdescriptionofthevirtualpowersystemisprovided.Next,themathematicalmodelstoenablethefeaturesofthevirtualpowersystemarepresentedtogetherwiththemodelingapproachforrelaysandrelayinstrumentation.Finally,fewsamplesofapplicationsofthistoolforeducationalpurposesarepresented.
II.VIRTUALPOWERSYSTEM
Thevirtualpowersystemintegratesanumberofapplicationsoftwareinamultitaskingenvironmentviaaunifiedgraphicaluserinterface.Theapplicationsoftwareincludesa)adynamicpowersystemsimulator,b)relayobjects,c)relayinstrumentationobjects,andd)animationandvisualizationobjects.Thevirtualpowersystemhasthefollowingfeatures:
1)continuoustime-domainsimulationofthesystemunderstudy;
2)abilitytomodify(orfault)thesystemunderstudyduringthesimulation,andimmediatelyobservetheeffectsofthechanges;
3)advancedoutputdatavisualizationoptionssuchasanimated2-Dor3-Ddisplaysthatillustratetheoperationofanydeviceinthesystemunderstudy.
Theabovepropertiesarefundamentalforavirtualenvironmentintendedforthestudyofprotectiverelaying.Thefirstpropertyguaranteestheuninterruptedoperationofthesystemunderstudyinthesamewayasinaphysicallaboratory:
onceasystemhasbeenassembled,itwillcontinuetooperate.Thesecondpropertyguaranteestheabilitytoconnectanddisconnectdevicesintothesystemwithoutinterruptingthesimulationofthesystemortoapplydisturbancessuchasafault.Thispropertyduplicatesthecapabilityofphysicallaboratorieswhereonecanconnectacomponenttothephysicalsystemandobservethereactionimmediately(e.g.,connectinganewrelaytothesystemandobservingtheoperationoftheprotectiverelayinglogic,applyingadisturbanceandobservingthetransientsaswellastherelaylogictransients,etc.).Thethirdpropertyduplicatestheabilitytoobservethesimulatedsystemoperation,inasimilarwayasinaphysicallaboratory.Unlikethephysicallaboratorywhereonecannotobservetheinternaloperationofarelay,motor,etc.,thevirtualpowersystemhasthecapabilitytoprovideavisualizationandanimationoftheinternal“workings”ofarelay,motor,etc.Thiscapabilitytoanimateandvisualizetheinternal“workings”ofarelay,aninstrumentationchannel,oranyotherdevicehassubstantialeducationalvalue.
ThevirtualpowersystemimplementationisbasedontheMSWindowsmultidocument-viewarchitecture.Eachdocumentobjectconstructsasinglesolverobject,whichhandlesthesimulationcomputations.Thesimulatedsystemisrepresentedbyasetofobjects—oneforeachsystemdevice(i.e.generators,motors,transmissionlines,relays,etc).Thedocumentobjectcangenerateanynumberofviewwindowobjects.Twobasicviewclassesareavailable:
a)schematicviewsandb)resultvisualizationviews.Schematicviewobjectsallowtheusertodefinethesimulatedsystemconnectivitygraphically,bymanipulatingasinglelinediagramusingthemouse.Resultvisualizationviewsallowtheusertoobservecalculatedresultsinavarietyofways.Severaltypesofresultvisualizationviewsaresupportedandwillbediscussedlater.
Fig.1illustratestheorganizationofdeviceobjects,networksolver,andviewobjectsandtheirinteractions.Thenetworksolverobjectisthebasicenginethatprovidesthetime-domainsolutionofthedeviceoperatingconditions.Tomaintainobjectorientation,eachdeviceisrepresentedwithageneralizedmathematicalmodelofaspecificstructure,thealgebraiccompanionform(ACF).Themathematicsofthealgebraiccompanionformaredescribedinthenextsection.Implementationwise,thenetworksolverisanindependentbackgroundcomputationalthread,allowingbothschematiceditorandvisualizationviewstobeactiveduringthesimulation.Thenetworksolvercontinuouslyupdatestheoperatingstatesofthedevicesand“feeds”allotherapplications,suchasvisualizationviews,etc.
Thenetworksolverspeedisuserselected,thusallowingspeeding-uporslowing-downthevisualizationandanimationspeed.Themultitaskingenvironmentpermitssystemtopologychanges,deviceparameterchanges,orconnectionofnewdevices(motors,faults)tothesystemduringthesimulation.Inthisway,theusercanimmediatelyobservethesystemresponseinthevisualizationviews.
Thenetworksolverinterfaceswiththedeviceobjects.Thisinterfacerequiresatminimumthreevirtualfunctions:
Initialization:
Thesolvercallsthisfunctiononcebeforethesimulationstarts.Itinitializesalldevice-dependentparametersandmodelsneededduringthesimulation.
Reinitialization:
Thesolvercallsthisfunctionanytimetheusermodifiesanydeviceparameter.Itsfunctionissimilartotheinitializationvirtualfunction.
Timestep:
Thesolvercallsthisfunctionateverytimestepofthetime-domainsimulation.Ittransfersthesolutionfromtheprevioustimesteptothedeviceobjectandupdatesthealgebraiccompanionformofthedeviceforthe
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