高考英语专题词汇Word文件下载.docx
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高考英语专题词汇Word文件下载.docx
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增加
n.增加;
增多
ontheincrease正在增加;
在增大
increaseby/to...增加了/到……
7.inspirev.激励;
鼓舞;
唤起;
启示
inspiresb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事
8.interestn.兴趣;
吸引力;
趣味;
利息
vt.使……感兴趣
have/takeaninterestin对……感兴趣
withinterest有兴趣地
9.mattervi.要紧;
有重大关系
n.情况;
问题
Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系/不要紧。
What’sthematterwith...?
……怎么样?
10.meanv.表示……的意思;
意思是;
打算;
意欲;
意味着
meantodosth.打算做某事
meandoing...意味着……;
意思是……
meanttohavedonesth.=hadmeanttodosth.本打算做某事
bemeantfor为……而准备的
11.pacen.速度;
速率;
步伐;
步态;
节奏
ata...pace以……速度
keeppacewith(与……)并驾齐驱,齐头并进;
跟上……
12.permitv.允许;
准许
n.许可证
permitdoingsth.允许做某事
permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事
13.processn.过程;
步骤,流程
v.处理;
加工
in(the)processof在……的过程中,在进行中
14.replacevt.把……放回原处;
替换;
代替
replaceAwithB用B替换A
15.rewardv.酬谢;
奖励,奖赏
n.奖金;
报酬
rewardsb.forsth.with...因某事用……奖赏/酬谢某人
inrewardfor为奖赏……;
为报答……
16.substitutev.替换;
用……代替
n.代替物(者)
asubstitutefor...……的代替者
substituteAforB用A代替B
17.succeedvi.成功;
继承
vt.继任;
接替;
随后出现
succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事
18.viewn.看法,意见;
观看;
看;
视野;
景色,风景
v.把……视为;
把……看作;
考虑
inone’sview=intheviewofsb.依照某人的观点
inviewof鉴于,考虑到
19.wondern.奇迹;
惊愕
vi.怀疑;
想知道
vt.怀疑;
惊奇
adj.奇妙的;
非凡的
nowonder...难怪……;
……不足为奇
inwonder惊讶地
20.touch短语
be/keepintouchwith和……保持联系
beoutoftouchwith和……失去联系
losetouchwith和……失去联系
getintouchwith和……取得联系
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Shecouldn’timagine(live)inaplacelikethat.
2.Shewasoneofthemost(inspire)peopleI’veevermet.
3.It’swonderthatyoudidn’tloseyourwayinthedark.
4.Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededcarryingouttheexperiment.
5.TorealizeChinaDream,weshouldkeeppacethetimes.
6.Didyoumean(leave)yourdoghere?
7.Gracewatchedtheheadmaninterest.
8.However,itwasharderthan(expect).
9.makesnodifferencetomewhetherhecomeshereornot.
10.Shedidthatjustoutof(curious).
11.Thedemandforoilistheincrease.
12.Iwaspermitted(talk)totheprisoner.Theguardsalsopermittedme(bring)mycameraandtaperecorder.
13.Theyweresubstitutingviolencedialogue.
14.ActuallyyoucanmakelearningEnglishaprocess,youcannotonlylearnmuchknowledgebutalsointerestingcultures.
15.Theofficeisfurnishedwithmodern(convenient).
Ⅱ.根据要求完成句子
1.Iwasinspiredbymyteacher’swordsanddecidedtolearnEnglishwell.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
2.Hefailedintheexam,andallofushadexpectedit.(用定语从句改写)
Hefailedintheexam,.
3.HewascuriousaboutAustraliancities,sohereadthebookwrittenbyDrJohnson.(改为简单句)
4.史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。
(一句多译)
①
(substitutefor)
②
(taketheplaceof)
③
(inplaceof)
5.Wecanmeettodiscussthisfurtheratyourconvenience.(同义句转换)
Wecanmeettodiscussthisfurther.
(一)阅读理解
Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:
Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue(tiredness).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!
Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins(毒素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.
Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?
Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotionalattitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”DrBrill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofsittingworkersingoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”
Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?
Joy?
Satisfaction?
No!
Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.
1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?
A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.
B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornoutafteraday’swork.
C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.
D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?
A.Challengingmentalwork.
B.Unpleasantemotions.
C.Endlesstasks.
D.Physicallabor.
3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’idea?
A.Heagreeswiththem.
B.Hedoubtsthem.
C.Hearguesagainstthem.
D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.
4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto.
A.havesomegoodfood
B.enjoytheirwork
C.exerciseregularly
D.discoverfatiguetoxins
在一般情况下,先排除一两个绝对不可能的选项,然后在剩下的选项中靠自己的直觉选择一个,这样就提高了答题的正确率。
遇到难以解答的题目,不要惊慌失措,也不要在该题上花费过多的时间,可以等完成其他题目后再来做该题。
最后解答此题时,考生可再回到文章中,对相似性的选项再进行分辨,利用命题者设题的常用干扰方法(偷换概念、因果倒置、颠倒主次、改变范围、张冠李戴、胡编乱造、以偏概全或断章取义、答非所问,或为原文未谈及的问题等)进行排除。
干扰项的特点:
1.绝对化,选项中出现绝对化的词汇,如only,all,any,every,never等,此时应格外小心;
2.片面化,以偏概全,以细节代主题等;
3.串段现象,如某题目考第二段内容,但把别的段落的信息放在选项中;
4.无中生有,如加上最高级等。
(二)七选五
BeingLefthandedinaRighthandedWorld
Theworldisdesignedforrighthandedpeople,butwhydoesatenthofthepopulationprefertheleft?
5
Theanswertoitremainsabitofamystery.Sincescientistshavenoticedthatlefthandednesstendstoruninfamilies,it’sassumedthatlefthandednesshasagenetic(基因的)componenttoit.
6Infact,identicaltwins,whosharethesamegenes,cansometimesprefertousedifferenthands.Therearealsoplentyoftheoriesonwhatelsemightdeterminewhichhandyouwritewith,butmanyexpertsbelievethatit’skindofrandom.
Historically,theleftsideandlefthandednesshavebeenconsideredanegativethingbymanycultures.7Insomeareas,thelefthandbecameknownasthe“unclean”hand.Inmanyreligions,therighthandofGodisthefavoredhand.Forexample,JesussitsatGod’srightside.God’slefthand,however,isthehandofjudgement.Variousactivitiesandexperiencesbecomerudeorevensignsofbadluckwhenthelefthandbecomesinvolved.InsomepartsofScotland,itisconsideredbadlucktomeetalefthandedpersonatthestartofajourney.8Apersongivingdirectionswillputtheirlefthandbehindthemandevenphysicallytrytopointwiththeirrighthandifnecessary.InsomeAsiancountries,eatingwiththelefthandisconsideredimpolite.
9Peoplecometorealizethatlefthandednessisnatural.Peopleevennoticethatmanyfamouspeoplearelefthanded,includingBenjaminFranklin,LeonardoDaVinci,andCharlieChaplin.Someresearchersfindoutthatleftiesaremorecreativeandcandealwithabstractthinkingbetter.Thelefthandednessismoreeasilyadaptabletotherighthandedworldaswell.Beinglefthandedisnolongerasadstorynow;
instead,itisawonderfulgiftormaybeitissomethingyoushouldtakepridein.
A.Inotherwords,lefthandersarebornthatway.
B.Lefthandednessusedtoberegardedasadisability.
C.Theunfavorableassociationsoftheuseofthelefthandamongculturesarevaried.
D.Whydotheyprefertousetheirlefthandratherthantheirrighthandforroutineactivities?
E.Whydosomeparentsforcetheirlefthandedchildrentobecomerighthandedwhenwriting?
F.InGhana,pointing,gesturing,givingorreceivingitemswiththelefthandisconsideredrude.
G.Fortunately,nowadaysmostsocietiesandculturesnolongerrejectlefthandednesslikebefore.
(三)完形填空
Theconceptofsolitude(独处)inthedigitalworldisalmostnonexistent.Intheworldofdigitaltechnology,email,socialnetworkingandonlinevideogames,informationismeanttobe10.Solitudecanbehardtodiscover11ithasbeengivenup.Inthisrespect,newtechnologieshave12ourculture.
Thedesiretobeconnectedhasbroughtsolitudetoa(n)13aswe’veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso14intheworldofnetworksandconnectionsthatonecanoftenbecontacted15they’drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,text,email,chatandblog(写博客),notonlyfromour16,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.
Mostdevelopednationshavebecome17ondigitaltechnologysimplybecausethey’vegrownaccustomedtoit,andatthispointnot18itwouldmakethemanoutsider.19,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobe20.Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork.Beingreachablemightfeellikea21tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.
Isupposethepositivesideisthatsolitudeisstillpossibleforanyonewho22wantsit.Computerscanbeshut23andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Theabilitytobe“connected”and“on”hasmany24,aswellasdisadvantages.Travelershaveendedup25onmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives.Theycanalsomakepeoplefeel26andforcedtoanswerunwantedcallsor27tounwantedtexts.
Attitudestowardsourconnectednessasasociety28acrossgenerations.Somefindtoday’stechnologyagift.Othersconsideritacurse.Regardlessofanyone’sviewonthesubject,it’shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelike29dailyadvancementsintechnology.
10.A.updatedB.received
C.sharedD.collected
11.A.thoughB.until
C.onceD.before
12.A.respectedB.shaped
C.ignoredD.preserved
13.A.edgeB.stage
C.endD.balance
14.A.sensitiveB.intelligent
C.considerateD.reachable
15.A.evenifB.onlyif
C.asifD.ifonly
16.A.mediaB.computers
C.databasesD.monitors
17.A.bentB.hard
C.keenD.dependent
18.A.findingB.using
C.protectingD.changing
19.A.AlsoB.Instead
C.OtherwiseD.Somehow
20.A.connectedB.trained
C.recommendedD.interested
21.A.pleasureB.benefit
C.burdenD.disappointment
22.A.slightlyB.hardly
C.merelyD.really
23.A.outB.down
C.upD.in
24.A.aspectsB.weaknesses
C.advantagesD.exceptions
25.A.hiddenB.lost
C.relaxedD.deserted
26.A.trappedB.excited
C.confusedD.amused
27.A.turnB.submit
C.objectD.reply
28.A.varyB.arise
C.spreadD.exist
29.A.beyondB.within
C.despiteD.without
答案解析
话题词汇梳理与对应训练
Ⅰ.1.living 2.inspiring 3.a 4.in 5.with 6.toleave7.with 8.expected 9.It 10.curiosity 11.on 12.totalktobring 13.for 14.where 15.conveniences
Ⅱ.1.Inspiredbymyteacher’swords,IdecidedtolearnEnglishwell.
2.as/whichallofushadexpected
3.CuriousaboutAustraliancities,hereadthebookwrittenbyDrJohnson.
4.①MrSmithsubstitutedfortheteacherwhowassick.
②MrSmithtooktheplaceoftheteacherwho
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