南开大学博士英语考试信息Word格式.docx
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南开大学博士英语考试信息Word格式.docx
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2008年南开大学博士英语考试试卷题型及分值
10分
2008年南开大学博士英语考试试题1
2008-03-2412:
06
一、听力(1分×
20=20分)
略
二、词汇(0.5分×
20=10分)
三、阅读(1-10题1分,11-30题1.5分,共1分×
10+1.5分×
20=40分)
(A篇出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷;
B篇出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题;
C篇关于旅游能扩展思路没找到;
D篇出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷;
E篇出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题;
F篇关于Americanparadox没找到)
(A)出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷
Tomanyweb-buildingspiders,mostofwhomarenearlyblind,thewebistheiressentialwindowontheworld:
theirmeansofcommunicating,capturingprey(猎物),meetingmatesandprotectingthemselves.Aweb-buildingspiderwithoutitswebislikeamencastawayonanislandofsolidrock,totallyoutoftouchanddestinedtostarvetodeath.
Soimportantisthewebtoanorb-webspider'
ssurvivalthattheanimalwillcontinuetoconstructnewwebsdailyevenifitisbeingstarved.For16daysthestarvingspiderbuildscompletelynormalwebs.Then,astheanimalgetsscrawnier(憔悴的),itconstructsawider-meshedwebusingfewerstrands(线).Suchwebswouldonlytraplargerprey,whichismoreeconomicalfromtheperspectiveofastarvingspider.bycontrolpanel
Thespiderstoresenergybyrecyclingwebprotein.Itsimplyeatsitsownwebeacheveningandreusesittoproducenewsilk.Instudieswithradioactively,labeledmaterials,itwasfoundthat95percentofwebproteinreappearsinthenextday'
web.Mostoftheenergyneededforweb-buildingisusedinwalkingoverthestrandsastheyarelaiddown.bycontrolpanel
Scientistsareimpressedbytheadaptabilityofthespider'
shighlypreprogrammedbrain,whichislargerforitssizethanthebrainofanyotherinvertebrate(无脊推动物).Ifweb-buildingisinterrupted,orifsomeoftheexistingstrandsaredestroyed,thespidersimplygoesbacktoseewherethewebisleftoffandthenfinishesbuildinganormalweb.Onespiderwillfinishbuildingtheincompletewebofanother.
1.Atitlethatwouldbestexpressthemainideaofthepassagewouldbe.
A.SecretsofSpiders.B.SecretsoftheWeb
C.SecretsofNatureD.ANewDiscoveryofScientists
2.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
A.Allweb-buildingspidersareblind
B.Mostspidersareblind
C.Onlyasmallpartofweb-buildingspiderscansee.
D.Allspiderscanweavewebs.
3.Withoutitswebaweb-buildingspiderwouldNOTbeableto.
A.walkquicklyB.seethepreyclearly
C.conserveitsenergyD.survive
4.Aspiderconservesitsenergy.
A.becauseitconstructsnewwebsdaily
B.asitwalksoverthestrandsitlays
C.byeatingitsownwebproteinandthenre-usingitinthenewweb
D.byeatingonlyintheevening
5.Thataspiderisabletofinishanincompletewebofanotherprovesthat.
A.aspiderre-usesitswebenergytoreproducenewsilk
B.spidershaveahighlypreprogrammedbrain
C.thewebiseverythingtoaspider
D.aspiderisabletoremedyadestroyedweb.
(B)出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题
Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylow
bydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.
Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.
6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
(A)Weathervariationsinthedesert
(B)Adaptationsofdesertanimals
(C)Diseasedofdesertanimals
(D)Humanuseofdesertanimals.
7.Accordingtothepassage,whyislightcoloringanadvantagetolargedesertanimals?
(A)Ithelpsthemhidefrompredators.
(B)Itdoesnotabsorbsunlightasmuchasdarkcolors.
(C)Ithelpsthemseetheiryoungatnight
(D)Itkeepsthemcoolatnight.
8.TheauthorusesofGrant’sgazelleasanexampleof
(A)ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature
(B)ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel
(C)adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures
(D)adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature
9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?
(A)Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.
(B)Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly
(C)Theyeasilylosetheirappetites.
(D)Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.
10.Whydoestheauthormentionhumansinthesecondparagraph?
(A)Toshowhowtheyusecamels.
(B)Tocontrastthemtodesertmammals.
(C)Togiveinstructionsaboutdesertsurvival.
(D)Toshowhowtheyhaveadaptedtodesertlife.
(C)关于旅游能扩展思路(原文没找到)
(D)出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wemaybeapproachingthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrow,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.
Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious.Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtofloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencourageinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandard-sizeclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses,particularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.
Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solving
exercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents’thinkingprocessesoperateallessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmine,John,allowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Johnthenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonly
createsacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents’namesandfaces.
11.Theprimarypurposeofdeskrearrangementis_______.
A.Fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups.
B.Tomakeitpossibleforstudentstointeractwitheachother.
C.Fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink.
D.Togivestudentsmoreopportunitiestopracticespeaking.
12.Theexpression“stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”(inPara.1)is
intendedtoconveytheideathat_______.
A.Collegeclassroomsoftenremindedpeopleoftheircollegelife.
B.Criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago.
C.Ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent.
D.Thereisnotmuchchangeineducationalideaoverthepasthundredyears.
13.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroup
mightbethat________
A.Theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat.
B.Learningismadecomfortableinthisway.
C.Theteachercaneasilyrememberstudents’namesandfaces.
D.Brighterstudentscanhelpslowerones.
14.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueaccordingtothepassageexceptthat
_________.
A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.
B.Itisfeasibleforteachertoletstudentsturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosixeveninlargelecturehalls.
C.Classroominteractionbetweenstudents
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