高中英语必修5Module5Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriod5GrammarandusageWord文档下载推荐.docx
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高中英语必修5Module5Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriod5GrammarandusageWord文档下载推荐.docx
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作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。
eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.
3.作宾语
a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:
agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等
xx年天津卷12题:
Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。
Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.
b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。
一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do,does,did时,通常省略to。
(前有do,后无to;
前无do,后有to)
Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Wecandonothingbutwait.
4.宾语补足语
a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:
ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等
Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.
注;
以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to
①一些表示“致使”意义的动词,如:
let,have,make等
②一些表示感觉的动词,如:
hear,feel,see,watch,notice等
Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.
Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.
但当这两类动词为被动态时,必须加上不定式to
Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.
Isawhimcrosstheroad.---Hewasseentocrosstheroad.
5.作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。
注意以下几类常用不定式作定语的情况:
1序数词形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语:
Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.
2如果该不定式是不及物动词,它后面需要加上适当介词。
Eg.Shehasameetingtoattend.(动宾关系=attendameeting)
There’snothingtoworryabout.(动宾关系=worryaboutnothing)/Hehasasmallroomtolivein、
3表示一个未发生的动作.
Eg.Thebuildingtobebuiltwillbeusedasahospital.
Thebuildingbeingbuiltatpresentwillbeusedasahospital.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyearwillbeusedasahospitai.
6.作状语
不定式可以作状语,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…,inorderto…,soasto…(不能放在句首)作目的状语
xx年辽宁卷22题:
Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
②在so…asto,such….asto,onlyto…结构中不定式作结果状语,其中only/justto…用于表示意想不到的结果。
Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.
③enoughto,too…to结构
eg.Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.
=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.
④形容词(happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等)+不定式结构
eg.I’mgladtomeetyou.
Thequestionisdifferenttoanswer.
Heishardtogetalongwith.
7.作插入语,如tobefrank(坦白地说),tobesure(确实)totellthetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse…
8连接代(副)词+不定式(包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why),在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在诸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
Eg.NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.
Whentotaketheexamisstillunknown.
Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.
9不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式由tobe+V-ing构成,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。
Eg.SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.
②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Eg.xx年江苏卷No.25
---IsBobstillperforming?
---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.
A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft
③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ing和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed。
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动语态。
Eg.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.(05年辽宁卷)
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceive
C.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
Itremains________whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.(06年浙江)
A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee
Step2Verb-ingformasanoun
动名词的句法功能:
动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。
动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
1.作主语,eg.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)
Sayingiseasierthandoing.
Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.(单个动名词短语作主语时,动词用单数)
动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法:
Itisnouse(good)+动名词:
做某事没有用
Eg.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)
Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)
Eg:
Iwonderwhatgooditispersuadinghimtoacceptthepresent.
Eg.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.(未来的事无法知道)
2作表语:
通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别
eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.
3.作宾语注意:
动名词作宾语,表示一种习惯、爱好。
动词不定式作宾语,表示一个具体的动作,不表示习惯。
Eg.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.
a.作及物动词的宾语(enjoy,mind,finish,appreciate,avoid,consider考虑,delay,escape,pratise,suggest,keep(on),miss,imagine,risk)
eg.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_____thegoodopportunity.xx年上海卷
A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost
Eg.Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____atheparty,butnot______.(xx年北京卷)
A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleave
C.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave
Eg.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour______hisnotes.(xx年浙江卷)
A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon
b作介词的宾语
beusedtodoing习惯于做;
lookforwardtodoing盼望做;
devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做;
spentdtime(in)doing花时间做;
befondofdoing喜爱做;
begoodatdoing擅长做;
beproudofdoing为做…而自豪;
betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦;
feellikedoing欲想做;
goondoing继续做(原来的事);
keepondoing不停地做;
whataboutdoing做…怎么样;
thinkofdoing考虑做;
beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣;
havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难;
bebusy(in)doing忙于做;
insteadofdoing做…而不做…whenitesto---
EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.eg.xx年江苏卷No.23
A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup
4作定语
动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用途或目的,可用for改写;
而现在分词作定语时,可用定语从句改写。
swimmingpoolwaitingroomwalkingstick
asleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping
注:
有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,又可跟动名词作宾语,注意它们的不同意思。
doingsth
todosth
remember
记得做过某事,(动作已发生)
记得去做某事(动作未发生)
forget
忘了做过某事(动作已发生)
忘了去做某事(动作未发生)
regret
后悔过去做过的事
遗憾地去做事
mean
意味着做某事
意欲、打算做某事
try
试着做某事(看会发生什么)
努力、设法、企图做某事
stop
停止做某事
停下来去做另一事
goon
继续原来的事
接着做另一件事
can’thelp
禁不住、情不自禁地做某事
无法帮助去做某事
learn
学会做某事
学着、开始学做某事
need/want/require
某事需要被做(=tobedone)
需要做某事(主动意思)
5.作同位语
eg.That’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作——产卵。
6.动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。
Eg.Afterhavingfinishhiswork,hewenthome.
Heattendedthemeetingwithoutbeingasked.
Shenevertoldmeaboutherhavingbeeninterviewedbythepolice.
Step3Practice
1.Attheshoppingcenter,hedidn’tknowwhat____and____withanemptybag.
A.tobuy;
leaveB.tobebought;
leftC.tobuy;
leftD.wastobuy;
leave
2.Thelongandtiringtalk,filledwithargumentsandquarrels,endedindisorder,_____noagreementatall.
A.arrivingB.arrivedatC.reachingD.andgettingto
3.Doyouknowthedifficultyhehad______fivechildrenatschool?
A.tokeepB.tohavekeptC.keepingD.havingkept
4.——LetmetellyousomethingaboutmyChineseteacher.
——Iremember_____aboutheryesterday.
A.tellingB.beingtoldC.totellD.havingtold
5.Havingnomoneybut____toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.
A.nottowantanyoneB.wantednooneC.notwantinganyoneD.towantnoone
6.Theoldladyneeded___asshewasinher80s.
A.tolookafterB.lookingafterC.lookafterD.beinglookedafter
7.——Whyareyoualwaysmakingmedrinkmilk?
——______enoughcalciumforyoutogrowtallandstrong.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Tobegetting
8.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.
A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding
9.Hehasfewfriendsandnevermind______alone,playingbyhimself.
A.leavingB.havingC.tobeleftD.beingleft
10.Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,____tomakeiteasy_____.
A.hope;
tounderstandB.hoped;
understood
C.hoping;
tounderstandD.tohope;
tobeunderstood
11.Thestudentslistenedcarefully,withtheireyes____theblackboard.
A.fixingatB.fixedatC.fixingonD.fixedon
12._______togowiththeothersmadehimratherdisappointed.
A.HisnotallowedB.HisnotbeingallowedC.NothisallowingD.Havingnotbeenallowed
13.Iwasverypoorwhenyoungandhadnotoys_______.
A.toplayB.toplaywithC.withplayingD.playingwith
14.Hewenttobed_____.Thenextmorninghewokeuponly____himselflyingonthefloor.
A.drinking;
tofindB.drunk;
tofindC.beingdrunk;
findingD.todrink;
finding
15.WecanhardlyimaginePeter_____suchrudewordstoyou.
A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.tohavesaid
16.I’dlikemychild_______inaschoolofhighquality.
A.educatingB.toeducateC.tobeeducatedD.beingeducated
17.Mysonpretended_______whenIcameback.
A.tosleepB.sleepingC.beingsleepingD.tobesleeping
18.Tom
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