专项训练高一定语从句讲解与训练.docx
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专项训练高一定语从句讲解与训练.docx
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专项训练高一定语从句讲解与训练
定语从句
一. 定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:
定语从句是由关
系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词:
where,when,why等。
关系词3个作用:
1)引导定语从句。
2)代替先行词。
3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语:
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修
饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
例:
Ilikethebookthatheboughtyesterday.(that为关系代词)
_______________________________
主语谓语先行词从句
|________________________|
定语从句修饰先行词
二.限定性定语从句
(一)关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略关系词
Thisisthebook(that/which)heboughtyesterday.Thisisthebookthat/whichcosthim100yuan.
2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
1)当先行词是anything,everything,nothingsomething,few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时
a.Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?
b.Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
c.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.d.Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
2)当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4)当形容词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时
ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用whoWangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting?
5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时,为了避免重复
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6)当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
练习(关系词that)
1.Wevisitedthefactory_____makestoysforchildren.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich
2.Thisisthemuseum______yousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
3.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons___theyknewwhentheywereyoung.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom
4.Thisistheman___lastnight.A.whomIsawhimB.whomIsawC.whichIsawD.whoIsawhim
5.Thisisoneofthebestbooks___.
A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwritten
C.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten
6.Whichofthetwocows___youkeepproducesmoremilk?
A.thatB.whichC.whomD.what
7.All___youhavetodoistopressthebutton.A.whatB.whichC.forthatD.that
8.Thisistheveryplace______I’mwishingtolivein.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich
9.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything___hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
10.Heoftenwrotetothewriters____wouldhelphimtobecomeawriter,too.
A.whomB.whoC.whenD.which
11.Thisistheonlywork____atthemoment.
A.whichIcandoB.thatIcandoitC.IcandoD.whatIcando
12.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.A.whatB.thatC.allD.which
13.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
3.只能用which的情况
1)在引导非限定性定语从句时Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
2)介词后 Wedependonthe
landfromwhichwegetourfood.
4.非限定性定语从句1)表示物用which,whose(which只能用于句中)
Sheboughtabook,whichisveryinteresting.Hesmokes,whichmakeshisparentsveryangry.
Iboughtacar,whosecolorisred.
2)表示人用who,whom,whose:
Myfatherisadoctor,whoworksinLondon.
Mysisterisateacher,whosestudentslikeherverymuch.ThisisMrSmith,whom/whowealllike.
5.as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth. (as可用于句中,句首)
1.Thebosspaidus$10forwashingtencars,mostof________hadn’tbe
encleanedforatleasthalfayear.A.theseB.themC.thatD.which
2.Marywasalwayssinginghighpraiseofherroleintheoffice,______ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.th
atD.what
3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.this
4.Passmethebook___coverisred.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.that
5.___Iwantbadlyisanewsportscar.A.AllthatB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.Thethingwhat
6.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what
7.Hehastwosons,_____workaschemists.
A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom
8.Theboy_____iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.which
9.Mr.Lee___youwanttoseehascome.A.whomB.whichC.whenD.where
10.Mr.Wangisthepoliceman_______housecaughtfirelastSunday
A.whomB.whoC.whenD.whose
(二)关系副词(在句中作状语)
why=forwhich where=in/at/onwhichwhen=during/on/inwhich
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereI
wasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
对比练习:
1.Weallrememberthedays westudiedtogetheratschool. A.whichB.that C.whenD./
2.Weoftenthinkofthedays______wespenttogetherontheisland.
A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich
3.Thisisthemuseum______wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
4.Thisisthemuseum______yousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
5.Hecouldn’ttellthereason______hewaslateagain A.thatB.whyC.inwhichD.which
6.Thisisthereason_______heexplainedto/gaveus.A.thatB.whyC.inwhichD.forwhich
判断改错
1)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
2)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
3)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
4)I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
单选
1.Bothofthemwillrememberthemonthsandtheyears______theyspentinthearmy.
A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.what
2.Itisthefactory______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.inwhichB.whichC.whatD.where
3.Thisisthehouse______hewasborn?
A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich
4.Theday______youarelookingforwardtowillcertainlycome.A.inwhichB.whenC.whichD.what
5.I’llshowyouthestore______youmaybuyallyouneed.A.thatB.whichC.whereD./
(三)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
首先,我们要判断关系代词,如果先行词是人,关系代词应用whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词为which。
其次,选择正确的介词。
介词的选择可归纳以下四点:
A.根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。
如:
Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.
A.towhoB.whomC.aboutwhomD.withwhom
填空
1. Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?
2. Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?
3. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?
4. Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?
B.由先行词来决定。
如:
1.Thisisthefarm________heworks.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.onwhichD.that
2.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
C.表示所属关系,部分与整体的关系或表示全部时,介词应用of。
当表示部分与整体的关系或表示全部时和ofwhich/ofwhom连用的主要是含有数量意义的不定代词,名词,数词以及形容词最高级。
如:
1.Itisreportedthattwoschools,__________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
2.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.
A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofwhom
3.Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargerofwhomD.thelargerofwhich
D.由句子表达的全部意义来确定。
如:
1.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
2.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,________hefoundajobinabigcompany.
A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
练习
1.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehome,_________wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
2.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection_______shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
3.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst__________Ireallyenjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
4.Ihavemanyfriends,_______somearebusinessmen.
A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom
5.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.
A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
6.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof______isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.
A.themB.thoseC.whichD.whose
7.Alecaskedthepoliceman____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.
A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom
8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
灵活选用关系词
1.HewenttoNewYorktenyearsago,_________hewasattheageof20.
2.HewenttoNewYorktenyearsago,_________hestudiedlaw.
3.HewenttoNewYorktenyearsago,_________costhimalotofmoney.
4.HewenttoNewYorktoseehisuncletenyearsago,__________wasascientist.
5.HewenttoNewYorktoseehisuncletenyearsago,_____companywasabigone
A.where B.which C.who D.whenE.whose
练习
1.Sheheardtheterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
2.Theyoungestnursehasworkedfor30daysintheSARShospital,____she
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