《计算机专业英语》作业精品文档.docx
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《计算机专业英语》作业精品文档.docx
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《计算机专业英语》作业精品文档
《计算机专业英语》作业及参考答案
Chapter1
一、单项选择:
1.Thebasichardwarecomponentsofapersonalcomputersystemconsistofthe.
a.keyboardanddisplayb.systemunit
c.disk-driveandprinterd.allofabove
2.Akeyboardisadevicethatconvertsintothatcanbeelectronicallymanipulatedbythecomputer.
a.data/informationb.keystrokes/specialcodes
c.specialcodes/keystrokesd.information/data
3.Systemsoftwareincludesand.
a.operatingsystemandapplicationsoftware
b.operatingsystemandprogramminglanguage
c.special-purposeprogramsandapplicationsoftware
d.OSandspecial-purposeprograms
4.Themethodwithwhichprintersformcharacterscaninclude.
a.strikingribbonwithahammerb.sprayinginkwithanozzle
c.transferringthepatternwithheatorlaserd.allofabove
5.DOScanbeusedwithmachine.
a.IBM-compatibleb.themachinethatwasmadebefore1981
c.PDP-11d.VAX
二、判断正误:
1.MostRAMistemporary,losingitscontentswhenthecomputer’spoweristurnedoff.
2.TheprimarypurposeofOSistosupportapplicationprograms.
3.Keyboardsaretheonlywaytocommunicatewithacomputer.
4.ROMisread-onlymemory.
5.Personalcomputersaresophisticatedthanlargermainframeandminicomputerrelatives.
三、词汇连线:
1.computera.Raw,unstructured,unprocessedfacts.
2.datab.Themeaningahumanbeingassignstodata.
3.informationc.Aseriesofinstructionsthatguidesacomputerthroughsomeprocess.
4.processord.Thecomponentofacomputerthatselectsandexecutesinstructions.
5.programe.Amachinethatprocessesdataintoinformationundercontrolofastoredprogram.
四、英译汉:
Whatisacomputer?
Thebasicjobofcomputersistheprocessingofinformation.Forthisreason,computerscanbedefinedasvery-high-speedelectronicdeviceswhichacceptinformationintheformofinstructionscalledaprogramandcharacterscalleddata,performmathematicaland/orlogicaloperationsontheinformation,andthensupplyresultsoftheseoperations.Theprogram,orpartofit,whichtellsthecomputerswhattodoandthedata,whichproviderawfactsneededtosolvetheproblem,arekeptinsidethecomputerinaplacecalledmemory.
Computersarethoughttohavemanyremarkablepowers.However,mostcomputers,whetherlargeorsmall,havethreebasiccapabilities.First,computershavecircuitsforperformingarithmeticoperations,suchasaddition,subtraction,multiplication,divisionandexponentiation.Second,computershaveameansofcommunicatingwiththeuser.Afterall,ifwecouldn’tfeedinformationinandgetresultsback,thesemachineswouldn’tbeofmuchuse.However,certaincomputers(commonlyminicomputersandmicrocomputers)areusedtocontroldirectlythingssuchasrobots,aircraftnavigationsystems,medicalinstruments,etc.Someofthemostcommonmethodsofinputtinginformationaretousemagnetictape,disks,andterminals.Thecomputer’sinputdevice(whichmightbeakeyboard,atapedriveordiskdrive,dependingonthemediumusedininputtinginformation)readstheinformationintothecomputer.Foroutputtinginformation,twocommondevicesusedareaprinterwhichprintsthenewinformationonpaper,oraCRTdisplayscreenwhichshowstheresultsonaTV-likescreen.Third,computershavecircuitswhichcanmakedecisions.Thekindsofdecisionswhichcomputercircuitscanmakearenotofthetype:
“Whowouldwinawarbetweentwocountries?
”or“Whoistherichestpersonintheworld?
”Unfortunately,thecomputercanonlydecidethreethings,namely:
Isonenumberlessthananother?
Aretwonumbersequal?
And,isonenumbergreaterthananother?
Acomputercansolveaseriesofproblemsandmakehundreds,eventhousandsoflogicaldecisionswithoutbecomingtiredorbored.Itcanfindthesolutiontoaprobleminafractionofthetimeittakesahumanbeingtodothejob.Acomputercanreplacepeopleindull,routinetasks,butithasnooriginality;itworksaccordingtotheinstructionsgiventoitandcannotexerciseanyvaluejudgments.Therearetimeswhenacomputerseemstooperatelikeamechanical“brain”,butitsachievementsarelimitedbythemindsofhumanbeings.Acomputercannotdoanythingunlessapersontellsitwhattodoandgivesittheappropriateinformation;butbecauseelectricpulsescanmoveatthespeedoflight,acomputercancarryoutvastnumbersofarithmetic-logicaloperationsalmostinstantaneously.Apersoncandoeverythingacomputercando,butinmanycasesthatpersonwouldbedeadlongbeforethejobwasfinished.
参考答案
一、1.d2.b3.b4.d5.a
二、1.√2.√3.×4.√5.×
三、1-e2-a3-b4-d5-c
四、计算机是什么?
计算机的基本工作是处理信息。
因此,计算机可以被定义为这样一种高速的电子设备,它接受指令(称为程序)和字符(称为数据)形式的信息,完成算术和(或)逻辑运算,然后提供这些操作的结果。
告诉计算机要做什么的程序或者程序的一部分,以及解决问题所需要的原始数据被保存在计算机的存储器中。
计算机被认为具有许多非凡的功能。
然而,大部分的计算机,无论大小,都具有三个基本的功能。
第一,计算机有完成算术操作,如加、减、乘、除和阶乘的电路。
第二,计算机有与用户通信的方式。
毕竟,如果我们不能输入信息并且输出结果,这些机器就没多大用处了。
然而,某些计算机(一般的微型机和小型机)被用于直接控制机器人、飞机导航系统、医学仪器等。
输入信息最常用的方式有磁带、磁盘和终端。
计算机的输入设备(根据输入信息所使用的介质,可能是键盘、磁带或磁盘驱动器)将信息读入计算机。
为了输出信息,最常用的两种设备是将新信息打印在纸上的打印机,以及将结果显示在一个类似于电视机屏幕上的阴极射线管显示器。
第三,计算机有进行决策的电路。
计算机电路能做的决策不是象“两个国家谁能赢得这场战争?
”或者“世界上最富有的人是谁”之类。
不幸的是,计算机只能决定三件事情,即:
一个数比另一个数小吗?
两个数相等吗?
以及一个数比另一个数大吗?
计算机能够解决一系列的问题和做成百甚至上千的逻辑判断而不觉得疲倦或者厌烦。
它能够解决一个问题只用人类做同样的工作所花时间的极小部分。
计算机能够代替人完成繁重的日常事务,但是它毫无创造力;它根据给它的指令工作并且不能做出任何有价值的判断。
经常地计算机象一个机械“大脑”一样操作,但它的成就是受人类思想的限制的。
如果人不告诉它要做什么以及给它合适的信息的话,计算机不能做任何事情;但是因为电脉冲能够以光速移动,计算机能够迅速地完成大量的算术逻辑运算。
人能够做计算机能做的任何事情,但是大多数情况下,在这个工作完成之前,人已经死了。
Chapter2
一、单项选择:
1.Mainmemoryholds.
a.dataforprocessingb.theprogram
c.informationd.allofabove
2.Thenumberofbitsthatcanbeprocessedatonetimeisa.
a.registerb.cycle
c.wordd.PROM
3.Dataandinstructionsarestoredinmemoryatlocationknownas.
a.addressb.byte
c.wordd.number
4.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)hadtwoparts:
and.
a.controlunitandALUb.ALUandregister
c.registerandcontrolunitd.ALUandmemory
5.Aholdsenoughbitstostoreasinglecharacter.
a.wordb.bitc.byted.twobytes
二、判断正误:
1.Arithmeticlogicunittellstherestofthecomputersystemhowtocarryoutaprogram’sinstruction.
2.Logicaloperationsconsistofcomparisons.
3.Bitsarecombinedintogroupsofeightbitscalledwords.
4.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)andmemoryaretwomajorpartsofamicrocomputersystemunit.
5.Thearithmetic-logicunit(ALU)performsarithmeticoperationsandlogicaloperation.
三、词汇连线:
1.binarysystema.Thesequentialnumberofalocationinmainmemory.
2.byteb.Abase2numbersystemthatusesvalues0and1.
3.registerc.thesmalleraddressableunitofmainmemory,ofteneightbits.
4.controlunitd.Temporarystorageusedtoholddata,instructions,orcontrolinformationintheprocessor.
5.addresse.ThepartofacentralprocessingunitthatdirectselectronicsignalsbetweenmemoryandtheALU,andbetweentheCPUandI/Odevice.
四、英译汉:
TheProcessoroftheComputer
Astothequestion“Whatisthemostimportantcomponentinacomputer?
”,nobodywouldfailtogiveacorrectanswertoit-theprocessor.Butwhenthequestionsmovetothedetailsofit,mostofusmightnothaveaclearpicture.
Aprocessor,acomponentofacomputer,isafunctionalunitthatinterpretsandcarriesoutinstructions.EveryprocessorcomeswithauniquesetofoperationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOADthatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset.Computerdesignersarefondofcallingtheircomputersmachines,sotheinstructionsetissometimesreferredtoasmachineinstructionsandthebinarylanguageinwhichtheyarewritteniscalledmachinelanguage.Youshouldnotconfuseprocessor’sinstructionsetwiththeinstructionsfoundinhigh-levelprogramminglanguages,suchasBASICorPASCAL.
Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofaddingtwonumbers,itmustknowwhatthetwonumbersareandwherethetwonumbersare.Whenthenumbersarestoredinthecomputer’smemory,theyhaveanaddresstoindicatewheretheyare,soifanoperandreferstodatainthecomputer’smemoryitiscalledanaddress.Theprocessor’sjobistoretrieveinstructionsandoperandsfrommemoryandtoperformeachoperation.Havingdonethat,itsignalsmemorytosenditthenextinstruction.
Thisstep-by-stepoperationisrepeatedoverandoveragainatawesomespeed.Atimercalledaclockreleasespreciselytimedelectricalsignalsthatprovidearegularpulsefortheprocessor’swork.Thetermthatisusedtomeasurethecomputer’sspeedisborrowedfromthedomainofelectricalengineeringandiscalledamegahertz(MHz),whichmeansmillioncyclespersecond.Aprocessoriscomposedoftwofunctionalunits-acontrolunitandanarithmetic/logicunit-andasetofspecialworkspacescalledregisters.
TheControlUnit
Thecontrolunitisthefunctionalunitthattakestheresponsibilityforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.Insomeways,itisanalogoustoatelephoneswitchboardwithintelligencebecauseitmakestheconnectionsbetweenvariousfunctionalunitsofthecomputersystemandcallsintooperationeachunitthatisrequiredbytheprogramcurrentlyinoperation.
Thecontrolunitfetchesinstructionsfrommemoryanddeterminestheirtypeordecodesthem.Itthenbreakseachinstructionintoaseriesofsimplesmallstepsoractions.Bydoingthis,itcontrolsthestep-by-stepoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.
TheArithmetic/LogicUnit
Thearithmetic/logicunit(ALU)isthefunctionalunitthatprovidesthecomputerwithlogicalandcomputationalcapabilities.DataarebroughtintotheALUbythecontrolunit,andtheALUperformswhatevera
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