最新坚守耕地红线的重大意义及现存问题浅析.docx
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最新坚守耕地红线的重大意义及现存问题浅析.docx
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最新坚守耕地红线的重大意义及现存问题浅析
TheSignificanceofSticktoTheCultivatedLandRedLineandAnalysisofExistingProblems
Rurallandsystemabouttheruralbasicstabilitywhichconcernsthelong-termdevelopmentofChina,itscoreistoprotectthepropertyrightsandinterestsoffarmers;thebottomlineisthatadherenceto1.8billionmuofcultivatedlandredline.
--From2013,thegovernmentworkreport,premierWenJiabao
SinceMarch2007wheninthegovernmentworkreport,premierWenJiabaoproposed"mustholdnotlessthan1.8billionmuofcultivatedland-theredline-throughoutthecountry",the"1.8billionmuofarablelandredline"oftenenterourvisionintwosessionsthisyearthegovernmentworkreport,premierWenJiabaoalsomentioned"1.8billionmuofarableland,bottomline,then,setthe1.8billionmuofarablelandredline".Whereas,whatisthemeaningofthat?
Inrecentyears,thecultivatedlandinourcountryeveryyearwascutmillionsoreventensofmillionsofacres.Issuedbytheministryoflandandresources,accordingtothe2007ChinagazetteoflandandresourcestoOctober31,2006,China'scultivatedlandareaof1.827billionmu,andin1996adecadeago,China'scultivatedlandquantityalsomaintainin1.951billionmu,10yearsofChina'sarableland124millionmu,theareaisalsoreducedby159millionmuto159millionmuofcultivatedlandpercapita.Facingthereality,wehavetoworryasaccordingtothereducedspeed,China'scultivatedlandcannotsupportChinese?
Inresponse,theChinesegovernmentreplied:
1.8billionmuofarablelandisaredlinethatcannolongerlowerthan1.8billionmuofarablelandquantity.
Here,wehavetoseethefactthatChina'sarablelandintheworldfourthplace,butpercapitaarablelandareaoflessthan1.2acres,lessthan30%oftheworld'saveragepercapita.Stickto1.8billionmuofarableland,therefore,"redline",holdonto1.3billionpeople"jobs"areparticularlyimportant.
Somepeople,however,questionedon1.8billionacresofthisdata:
whynot1.9billionacresor2billionmu,wouldn'titbesafer?
Obviously,1.8billionmuofthedatasetisnotverywellunderstood."1.8billionmu",infact,thisdataisbasedonpercapitagrainusestandard,itsself-sufficiencyrateofgrain,grainyield,multiplecropindex,graindemandforecasts,andcultivatedlanddemandprediction,etc.,andismadeaftercomprehensiveandmatureconsideration.
Thereisaroughestimate:
currently,1.3billionpeople,plusindustrialUSESsuchaseating,foodconsumptionshouldbearound450milliontonseveryyear.Thereisalsoanincreaseofmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.AccordingtoChina'sgrainconsumptionstandardsproposedbythenationalbureauofstatisticsandthedepartmentofagricultureresearch,relevantdepartmentssuchasfooddemandshouldbe420kgpercapitain2010,thetotaldemandfor588milliontons;Fooddemandshouldbe440kgpercapitain2030,thetotaldemandof704milliontons.
Somuchfood,whencanwemakeitout?
Expertssaidtheministryofagriculture;foodproductiondependsonthetotalcultivatedlandquantity,seedingsurfaceandtheratiooftheareasowntograinyield,grainoutput,multiplecropindexes,andtheweather.
Aaccordingtotheministryofagricultureofficialsaid:
"five-year"periodinourcountryisonly8.2kgperyear,perunitareayieldofgraingrowth"0.6kgperyear,intheperiodof"15"duringeachyearfor10.1kg,yieldlessthan1.8%averageannualgrowth.
OffarmlandmultiplecroppingindexesinChinaincreasedyearbyyear,from131%in1952to158%in2000,continuetoimprovethespaceislimited.Althoughtheycanfurtherreducetheratioof,estimatesthatby2010and2030theratiowillfallto70%and70%respectively,butstillhigherthanthecurrentworldaverageof46%.
OnSeptember6,2006,atthe149thexecutivemeetingofthestatecouncil,theministryoflandandresourcesofthenationallanduseplanningoutlineisnotapproved.Conferencethedecisiontoamoratoriumontheapprovaloftheoutline,theleadershipofthestatecouncilrequiredtakealong-termview,strengtheningstudyandcontinuetopushforward,thepreparationofhistoric,crisisandstrategiclanduseplanningandstressedthatthe1.8billionmuofarablelandredlineresolutecan'tbreakthrough,notonlytopipeto2010,andpipeto2020yearsorlonger.
Visible,theChinesegovernmentto"1.8billionmu"thisdatasetisveryserious.
Hold1.8billionmuofarablelandredline,inordertoensurenotonlytheChineseeattheproblem,alsoinordertoensurethesoundandrapiddevelopmentofeconomy.Since2003,thewarningisheardaboutChina'soverheatingeconomy.With"hotzone","realestatehot"andhighlightedindustryovercapacityistypicalofanewroundofeconomicoverheatingandunbalancephenomenon,whichcauseslossofarableland;Thecontroloflandislaxandgiveseconomyoverheating,blindinvestmentandland.
Holdingonthe1.8billionmuofarablelandredlinemeansstrictlycontrolsoftheconversionofcultivatedlandintoconstructionland,topreventtheexcessiveexpansionofconstructionland,constraintblindconstruction,haserectedontheproject,theoverheatingofinvestmentinfixedassetsofcapacitiesandlow-qualitygrowth,behavior,andensurethehealthydevelopmentoftheeconomy.
However,thereisalsoexistingsomeproblemstobesolved.
First,thealertindicatorofdynamicbalanceintoabreedinggroundforcorruption.
Cultivatedlandaslandadministrationlawofdynamicbalancetodeterminetheimportantsystemaprotectarableland,hasimplementedsince1999,therelievepressurecausedbyengineeringconstructiontakesupland,safeguardnationalfoodsecurity,thanks.Butinpractice,somelocalindicatorsofdynamicbalanceofarablelandchangedintosecurities,evenasbusinesstobusiness,mustattachimportancetoitandalertforthiscase.
Second,theland,mountain,land,sea,damageisthequalityofarableland.
Someprovinceshaveissuedafterlandconsolidationindicatorsallowforfluidreplacementpolicy,thedevelopedareasinlessdevelopedregionssuchasXiangShanOubuyindex,mountainousareasthroughdeforestationstretchedwaysoastoobtaintheeconomicbenefitsofthechainhascommonoccurrences.TradeinZhejianghasahistoryofsuchindicators.In2001,Ryanhasspentmorethan6000,tenthousandyuanfromthenorthofDongxiangcity,seasalt,boughtmorethan4000muoflandconsolidationastheindex,atatimewhenRyantransferofconstructionlandpricehasnearly100000yuanpermu.Thatsameyear,RyanfirstofseveralofthekeyindustrialparkislocatedtownshipofbasicfarmlandXiangShanOuandmid-levelsdistrict,andbuyingindicatorsfromthemountainousareaofTaizhongcountybelongtoWenzhou,paidbytheirgenerations,9000muofbasicfarmland.Onlyoneyeartime,Ryan,newconstructionlandindexismorethan37050acres.Overtheyears,throughcontinuoussurroundfromlandcreatedbytheindexoflanduse,coastalareasofJiangsuandZhejianghavesuccessfulreplacementlandoccupiedandcultivatedalargenumberofhigh-qualityoriginal.Whilethenewcultivatedland,becauseofexcessivesaltcomposition,oftenafteryearsorevennearly10yearsofwork,inordertoachievetheoriginalqualityofcultivatedland.
Frommypointofview,stickto1.8billionmuofarableland,redbottomeachofusneedtoworkhard.Firstofall,thedepartmentshouldmadescientificallyevaluationstandard,strictsupervisionfieldtripseverydetail.Don'tletoutlawsorganicbeused.Second,localgovernmentsshouldactivelyrespondtoanationcalledon,anddoagoodjobofprotectingthecultivatedland,andresolutelyputanendtoseekpersonalgainbytakingadvantageofcultivatedland.Finally,ofcourse,wealsoneedtoactivelycooperatewiththemassesofpeasants,foundthattheunreasonablephenomenonofthecultivatedland,shouldactivelybereportedandmustnottolerate.Isamatteroffarmers'vitalinterests,notblindlyfollow.
Worthremembering:
holdon,1.8billionmuofarablelandredlinemeansstrictlycontrolstheconversionofcultivatedlandintoconstructionland,topreventtheexcessiveexpansionofconstructionland,constraintblindconstruction,haserectedontheproject,theoverheatingofinvestmentinfixedassetsofcapacitiesandlow-qualitygrowth,behavior,andensurethehealthydevelopmentoftheeconomy.So,protectingarableland,thefundamentalwayoutistoacceleratetheformationofreversedtransmissionmechanismofeconomicalandintensivelanduse,promotethelandusemodeandchangethewayofeconomicgrowth.
Allinall,weshouldbefullyawareofthesignificanceof1.8billionmuofarablelandredline,itisnotonlyrelatedtonationalfoodsecurity,tothecountry'sfinancialsecurity,ecologysecurityandsocialsecurity,thesurvivalanddevelopmentoffuturegenerations,butisalsorelatedtothelong-termdevelopmentofthecountryinthefutureandnationalsurvivalfoundation.Alloverthecountry,therefore,shouldstartfromtheoverallsituation,formaconsensusonthisissue,mustchangeconcept,strictwithourselves,fromthepoliticalheight,globalperspectivetolookatthistask.
坚守耕地红线的重大意义及现存问题浅析
农村土地制度关乎农村的根本稳定,也关乎中国的长远发展,其核心是要保障农民的财产权益,底线是严守18亿亩耕地红线。
——摘自温家宝总理2013年《政府工作报告》
自2007年3月温家宝总理在作《政府工作报告》时提出“一定要守住全国耕地不少于18亿亩这条红线”后,这“18亿亩的耕地红线”便时常进入我们的视野之中,今年在两会《政府工作报告》中,温家宝总理也同样提到了“18亿亩耕地底线”,那么,制定这“18亿亩耕地红线”到底意义何在呢?
近几年来,我国耕地每年要减少几百万、甚至上千万亩。
国土资源部发布的《2007年中国国土资源公报》显示:
到2006年10月31日,中国的耕地面积为18.27亿亩,而在10年前的1996年,中国的耕地数量还维持在19.51亿亩,10年间中国的耕地少了1.24亿亩,人均耕地面积也由1.59亿亩降到1.39亿亩。
面对现实,人们有理由担心,按照这样的减少速度,中国的耕地还能不能养活中国人?
对此,中国政府是这样回答的:
18亿亩耕地是条红线,耕地数量再也不能低于18亿亩
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