OUTLINING.ppt
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OUTLINING.ppt
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OUTLINING,MakingandUsinganOutline,WhatisanOutline?
AnoutlineisawayoforganizingkeyideasAnoutlinehelpstosetupanessayoraresearchpaperAnoutlineisatooltohelpreviseanessayorresearchpaper.Anoutlinecanbeastudytooltohelpyousummarizekeyideasinreading,Whycreateanoutline?
AidsintheprocessofwritingHelpsyouorganizeyourideasPresentsyourmaterialinalogicalformShowstherelationshipsamongideasinyourwritingConstructsanorderedoverviewofyourwritingDefinesboundariesandgroups,HowdoIcreateanoutline?
Determinethepurposeofyourpaper.Determinetheaudienceyouarewritingfor.Developthethesisofyourpaper.,Then:
Brainstorm:
Listalltheideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpaper.Organize:
Grouprelatedideastogether.Order:
Arrangematerialinsubsectionsfromgeneraltospecificorfromabstracttoconcrete.Label:
Createmainandsubheadings.,DefiningtheKindsofOutlines,Ascratchoutlineisapreliminarylistthatletsyouseewhereyouneedtogo.Itisaroughlistofyourfirstideas.Ascratchoutlineisastartingpointonly.Itisputtingontheclotheswithouttheaccessories.Ascratchoutlineoftenchangessignificantlyasyoubegintoresearchandwrite.,TwoExamples,TheScratchOutlineProblemswithImmigrationWhoshouldbeallowedtoimmigrate?
Whatscreeningproceduresshouldweuse?
Whoshouldbegivenstudentvisas?
Whatchecksshouldthegovernmentmake?
Shouldtherebeanumberlimitonimmigration?
DEFININGTHEFORMALOUTLINE,Aformaloutlineshows,inlogicalorder,whatyouwillbewritingabout.AformaloutlinehelpsyouseparatemainideasandsupportingideasAformaloutlinegivesyouafoundationfromwhichtobuildanintroduction,abody,andaconclusion.Aformaloutlineoftenchangesafteryouwriteyourfirstdraft.Itwillshowyouwhereyouneedtoaddmoreresearchormakeotherchanges.,FORMALOUTLINE,AddressingImmigrationafter9/11I.IntroductionII.CriteriaforimmigrationA.PoliticalrefugeesB.RelativesofcitizensC.OtherapplicationsIII.ScreeningCriteriaA.MedicalScreeningB.InterviewC.PsychologicalscreeningD.BackgroundcheckIV.StudentsA.PurposeofstudyB.Commitmenttostudy1.Howlongwilltheystay?
2.Howwilltheyfinancetheireducationandsupportthemselves?
C.ValuetooureducationalsystemV.GovernmentoversightA.ObligationtohaveperiodicchecksonimmigrantsandstudentsB.ReportinganylegalviolationsorsuspiciousbehaviorC.ThegovernmentneedstolimitthenumberofimmigrantsVI.Conclusion,SCRATCHVS.FORMAL,Ascratchoutlineisacollectionofnotesorideasthatneedstoberefinedandexpanded.Itsarawmaterialratherthanafinishedproduct.Aformaloutlineshowsevidenceofthought,revision,planning,orresearch.Itusesaprescribedformat:
Romannumerals,uppercaseletters,numbers,andlowercaseletters.Itmaybefurtherexpandedorrevisedasresearchprogresses.,CreatinganOutline,Takeseveralminutestocreateanoutline.Thinkaboutthegiventopicandmakeascratchoutline:
Jotdownwhatyoualreadyknowaboutthistopic.Thinkaboutwhatyouwanttolearnorexploreaboutthistopic.Thinkaboutwhatconclusionsyoumayreach.Topic:
Ensuringtravelsafetyin(airports,trainstations,busterminals),TimetoCompare!
Exchangeyourscratchoutlinewithapartner.Haveafive-minutediscussioninwhichyoutaketurnsexplainingwhatyouwroteinyouroutline.,LETSGETFORMAL!
Withyourexpandedknowledge,trytocreateaformaloutlineforyouressayonensuringairportsafety.Yourtitlewillbetheumbrellaunderwhichyouplaceyourmaintopicsandsubtopics.RemembertouseRomannumerals,upperandlowercaseletters,andnumbers.,EnsuringAirportSafety,Summary,Letssummarizewhatyouhavelearned:
OUTLINESI.DefinitionA.ScratchOutline1.Informal,preliminaryB.FormalOutline1.Moreformal,requiresmoreresearchII.PurposeforUsinganOutlineA.TohelporganizekeyideasinwritinganessayorresearchpaperB.TohelpsummarizekeyideasinreadingC.Tohelpyoudevelopsubtopics,ParallelismHowdoIaccomplishthis?
Eachheadingandsubheadingshouldpreserveparallelstructure.Ifthefirstheadingisaverb,thesecondheadingshouldbeaverb.Example:
CHOOSEDESIREDCOLLEGESPREPAREAPPLICATION(ChooseandPreparearebothverbs.Thepresenttenseoftheverbisusuallythepreferredformforanoutline.),CoordinationHowdoIaccomplishthis?
AlltheinformationcontainedinHeading1shouldhavethesamesignificanceastheinformationcontainedinHeading2.Thesamegoesforthesubheadings(whichshouldbelesssignificantthantheheadings).Example:
VISITANDEVALUATECOLLEGECAMPUSESVISITANDEVALUATECOLLEGEWEBSITESA.NoteimportantstatisticsB.Lookforinterestingclasses(CampusandWebsitesvisitsareequallysignificant.Theyarepartofthemaintasksyouwouldneedtodo.FindingstatisticsandclassesfoundoncollegeWebsitesarepartsoftheprocessinvolvedincarryingoutthemainheadingtopics.),SubordinationHowdoIaccomplishthis?
Theinformationintheheadingsshouldbemoregeneral,whiletheinformationinthesubheadingsshouldbemorespecific.Example:
DESCRIBEANINFLUENTIALPERSONINYOURLIFEFavoritehighschoolteacherGrandparent(Afavoriteteacherandgrandparentarespecificexamplesfromthegeneralizedcategoryofinfluentialpeopleinyourlife.),DivisionHowdoIaccomplishthis?
Eachheadingshouldbedividedinto2ormoreparts.Example:
COMPILERSUMA.ListrelevantcourseworkB.ListworkexperienceC.Listvolunteerexperience(TheheadingCompileRsumisdividedinto3parts.)Technically,thereisnolimittothenumberofsubdivisionsforyourheadings;however,ifyouseemtohavealot,itmaybeusefultoseeifsomeofthepartscanbecombined.,
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