美国法论文终结版4Word格式.docx
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美国法论文终结版4Word格式.docx
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contents
ⅠAbstract2
ⅡOverviewofTradeSecrets2
a)Theconceptoftradesecret2
b)Thecharacteristicsofatradesecret2
c)Historicaldevelopment4
ⅢThespecificformofviolationoftradesecrets5
a)Bytheft,inducement,coercionorotherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecrets5
b)Disclosure,use,orallowotherstoacquirethetradesecretswithimpropermeans5
c)Breachofcontractornon-competeviolationoftradesecrets6
d)Othermeans.6
ⅣWhatistheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecret?
6
a)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecivilliability7
b)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumeadministrativeresponsibilities8
c)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecriminalresponsibilities9
ⅤThedeficienciesandimprovementoftheprovisionsofChineselawontradesecret11
a)Legalnormsaretooscatteredandlackoperability11
b)Elementsoftradesecretsaretoostrict.12
c)Existinglawstillhaveblankinsomerespects12
d)Itlacksclearstandardsofcivilliability12
e)Lackingofproceduralrequirements12
f)Itisnotenoughtoinvestigateandcombatviolationsoftradesecrets13
ⅥConclusion15
ⅦBibliography17
Ⅰ.Abstract
Tradesecretisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintoday’sinternationalcommerce,andconsideredasamajortradepartnerintheinternationaltrade.Thisarticleintroducestheconceptandcharacteristicsoftradesecrets.Italsoanalyzesthespecificformofviolationoftradesecretsandtheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecrets;
exemplifiesmodesoftradesecretsprotection;
expoundschina’sstatusinthisrespect.Attheendofthearticleitprovidessomesuggestionstoperfectthislegalsystem.
Keyword:
tradesecret;
infringement;
illegalprotection;
improvementoflegalsystem
Ⅱ.OverviewofTradeSecrets
a)Theconceptoftradesecret
Tradesecretisanintangiblebusinessproperty,Tradesecretreferstothetechnicalandbusinessinformationwhichisnotknowntothepublic,andcanbringeconomicbenefitsforitsholderandthesubjectofreasonableeffortstomaintainitssecrecy.
b)Thecharacteristicsofatradesecret
Tradesecretshaveseveralcharacteristics:
novelty,practical,valuableandconfidential.
1.Noveltyoftradesecretreferstonotgenerallyknowntothepublic.Tradesecretslegalsystemdoesnotrequiretradesecretasnoveltyaspatent,thatis,doesnotrequiretradesecretstobeunique.Americanbusinesssecretjudicialpracticejudgewhetheraso-calledcommercialsecretpossessesnoveltymainlyontwofactors:
first,thelevelofaproposedtradesecretsoutsidetheholderintheindustry;
Second,thedegreeofawarenessofprofessionalsintheindustry.Aslongasthis"
usedegree"
and"
knowdegree"
isnotcommon,itcanbeconsideredtoconstitutethenoveltyofthecommercialsecret.
2.Usefulnessoftradesecretsisthatitcanbringcompetitiveadvantageandeconomicbenefitstoholders.Whetheriscompetitionadvantageoreconomicinterests,bothinrealityandpotentialtocome?
Tradesecretsmustbeusefulinsubjectivelybutnotinthecontrary.Inaddition,tradesecretsarenotsaidabouttheprinciplesandabstractconcepts.Itshouldhaveusefulspecificprogramsorinformation.
3.Tradesecretsgivethebenefitofrightstoitsholders;
suchbenefitsincludenotonlytheeconomicinterestsofreality,butalsopotentialbenefits.Thevalue
of
tradesecretsisthemostsignificant
differencewithothersecrets.Thisiswhyweshouldgivestrictprotectiontothetradesecret.Nationallegislationtoprotecttradesecretsisintendedtomaintaintheowner'
seconomicinterestsandsocialandeconomicorder.
4.Theconfidentialityoftradesecretsisthetradesecretholderwillbesomeinformationassubjectivecommercialsecrets,andtaketheconfidentialityoftheobjectivemeasurestomanagement.ThisisthecoreelementsTradesecretsarenotrequiredtheconfidentialityoftheabsolutely,totally,becauseintheuseandmanagementofthecommercialsecret,acertainthresholdinpublicisinevitable.Therefore,the'
tradesecret'
confidentialityisrelative,
c)Historicaldevelopment
Earlyinthe1960s,InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)hastakentheleadthetradesecretasintellectualproperty;
WIPOConventionalsoimpliestheestablishmentoftradesecretsincludedtheintellectualpropertyrights.Inthe1990,theintellectualpropertyagreementwhichspecifiedthe"
notopeninformation"
problemtoclarifyit’sbelongtothescopeofintellectualproperty.Inlegislativesystem,commonlawcountriesgenerallyregardeditasintellectualproperty,andCivillawcountrieshavelong-termaccordingtocontractlawortortlawtheorytoprotecttradesecrets"
intellectualpropertyagreementwhichspecifiedthe"
notopeninformation"
problem.In1993,China'
s'
Anti-UnfairCompetitionLaw'
article10providesthat:
Theso-called'
tradesecretsarenotknowntothepublic,canbringeconomicbenefitstotheright,hastherighttotakepracticalandapprovedthetechnicalinformationsecuritymeasuresandmanagementinformation.”
Ⅲ.Thespecificformofviolationoftradesecrets
Accordingto
thegeneralpracticeatabroad,tradesecretsviolationscanbesummarizedintofourtypes:
a)Bytheft,inducement,coercionorotherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecrets
Undernormalcircumstances,thetheftoftradesecrets,includinginternalstafftheft,externalstafftheft,collusion
theftandsoon.The
inducements
toobtain
tradesecretsusually
refertothesituationwhenpeopleprovide
themastersoftradesecretswiththe
propertyor
otherbenefitsinordertogettradesecrets.Thecoercionoftradesecrets
referstotheacttotakethethreatandcoercion,sothatotherswillbemandatoryinthecaseofprovidingtradesecrets.Otherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecretsrefertotheaboveactsotherthanillegalmeans.Forexample,throughcommercialnegotiation,cooperation,research,development,orspyonotherpeople'
sbusinesssecretsandsoon.
b)Disclosure,use,orallowotherstoacquirethetradesecretswithimpropermeans
Theso-calleddisclosurereferstothetradesecretowneroftherighttodisclosetothirdpartiesortocertainotherpeopledonotopenwhichmakingthesecretlosevalue.Usingorallowingotherstouserefertothespecificcircumstancesthattradesecretsisbeingusedillegally.
c)Breachofcontractornon-competeviolationoftradesecrets
Thissituationismainlythosewhomasterotherslegitimatebusinesssecrets,includingtheworkersofrightholdersandwhohavebusinessrelationshipswiththerightunitsandindividuals.Infringerbreachofagreementorregulations,ordisclosedtothethirdparties,ormakinguseoftradesecretrightswithoutpermission,orallowsotherstousethecommercialsecretsofrightholders.
d)Othermeans.
Thethird
person
who
knowstheinfringing
acts
ofviolationoftrade
secrets,butstillobtaintradesecretsormaketradesecretstobeusedordisclosed.
Ⅳ.Whatistheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecret?
Inordertoenhanceprotectionoftradesecrets,Chinahasbasicallyformedasetoflawsforviolationsoftradesecretswhichresultsinsomelegalconsequencestomakesurethatthepartyshouldassumethetypeoftheresponsibilitysuchas<
GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLawofthePeople'
sRepublicofChina>
,<
ContractLawofthePeople'
<
CriminalLawofthePeople'
AdministrativeProcedureLawofthePeople'
andsoon.
a)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecivilliability
TherearesomeprovisionsforcivilliabilityinthecontractlawofthePeople’sRepublicofchinaandanumberofadministrativerules.Article20oftheAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawalsomadeprovisionsinprinciple.Thecivilcommitmenttotheviolationoftradesecretsandcivilcasesgenerallyhaveadoptedthe"
fault"
principle,namedtheperformanceofsubjectiveintentandnegligence.
“Nofault”behaviordoesnotassumecivilliability;
civilcommitmenthasthefollowingmainmethods:
1.Breachofcontracts.Bothpartiesshouldassumeliabilityaccordingtotheconfidentialityagreementsignedbythembefore.Althoughtheonewhobreachedthecontractdidn’tcausealosstoacreditor,hemustpaypenalsumifthecontractprovidedforrelatedmatters.Acreditorwhocausedthelossofthecontracthasbeenscheduledforthecertainamountofcompensation,whichshouldbeinaccordancewiththecontract.Butifthereisnoagreement,itcouldbebasedonactualdamages,andtheamountofcompensationshallnotexceedtheenvisagedwhenthetwosidessignedacontractloss.
2.Tortliability.Violationoftradesecretscausesharmtopeople,theamountofcompensationshouldbemeasuredbyactualloss.Ontheotherhand,itcanalsobemeasuredbytheirearnedprofitsduringtheirviolationwhenthecreditor’sactuallosscan’tbecalculateaccurately.Besides,china’sAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawhasprovisions,whichsaysthattheinfringershouldundertakethereasonablefeespentbytheinvestigationofmisconductagainsttheirlegitimaterightsandinterests.Sothecreditorshouldnotforgettoretaintheevidenceofthispartwhiletheirlegitimaterightssufferedfromviolation.
3.Thedifferentcircumstancesofthecasecanalsobea
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