文献翻译温室无线测量和控制系统的设计与实现.docx
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文献翻译温室无线测量和控制系统的设计与实现.docx
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文献翻译温室无线测量和控制系统的设计与实现
附录C英文文献及翻译
DesignandImplementofWirelessMeasureandControlSystemforGreenhouse
DUXuedong,WANGJun*,JIPing,GANKaifeng
KeyLabofMachineVisionandIntelligenceControlTechnology,HefeiUniversity,Hefei230601,P.R.China
*E-mail:
wangj@
Abstract:
Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,MEMStechnology,networktechnology,andsoon,sensorsarebecomingminiaturization,intelligence,andintegration,andhasbringoutanewnetwork--WirelessSensorNetworks(WSN).BasedontheexistentCAN-busmeasureandcontrolsystemwhichcanachieveautomaticmeasureandcontrolofthegreenhouseenvironmentandnutrientsolutioninourlab,thispaperstudieswirelesssensornetworks,mainlyincludingmultifunctionalwirelesssensornodes,wirelesscontrolnodes,mainnode,andsystemintegrationdemonstration.Wedesignandstudythewirelesssensornetworksnode’shardwareplatformdeeply,considerlow-powercharacteristicsinnodehardwareandsoftwaredesign,analyzetheconsumptionofthenodegenerallyandgiveoutthecorrespondingenergy-savingstrategiessuppliedwithsolarpowerandbattery,andcomposestarnetworks.Theresultsoftheexperimentinthegreenhouseenvironmentshowthatthewirelesssensornetworkwillbringalotofconvenienceforthegreenhouseenvironmentmonitoringandcontrol.
KeyWords:
MSP430,IP-LINK1200,Solarpower,Zigbeeprotocol,Greenhouse
1.Introduction
Mostpeoplefeelthestrongimpactofwirelesstechnologymainlyduetotheastonishinggrowthofcell-phonemarket.Thetechnologyofwirelesssensornetworkswillinfluencethelifestyleofthepeoplein21stcenturyastheInternetjustdo.WSNisaWirelessnetworkwhichneedsnobasicequipmentsˈanditcancooperatewithreal-timesensing,detectingandcollectingalltheinformationofcircumstanceanddetectobjectsintheareaofWSNreceiveandtransmitmessagesbythemethodofWirelessorself-organizationmulti-centerRouters.Itwillaltertheintercoursemannerofhumanbeingandnaturebyamalgamatingthelogicalworldandthephysicalworld,andalso,bythecharacteristicofrequiringnofixednetworksexpandingfastresistingdestructionstrongly,ithasdrawnmoreattentionoftheacademyandtheindustrycommunity,anditwillbeappliedmorewidelyinmanyfields.Especially,intheagriculturalfield,WSNwillplayanimportantroleindetectingcircumstanceinformation,precisionagricultureandstockbreeding.
Inthe10thFive-yearperiod,wehavetakenTheNationalHighTechnologyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofchina(863Program):
Thedatacollectionofcontrollableagriculturalcircumstanceandthestudyofautomationsystem.Wehaveestablishedagreenhouselabcoveringabout85m2andagreenhousemonitoringandcontrolsystemusingtheCANbustechnology.Thedetectedobjectsinclude:
outdoorclimatedata,temperature,humidity,andillumination,densenessofCO2inthegreenhouse,thecompositionandthetemperatureofnutrientsolution.Thecontrolledobjectsinclude:
clearstory,fans,humidshade,lights,sprayers,electromagnetismvalves,heaters,andsoon.Inthe11thFive-yearperiod,wehavedesignedagreenhousemonitoringandcontrolsystemusingtheWSNtechnologyunderGrantthe863Program.Thesystemcollectedenvironmentdatafromasensornetworkinagreenhouseandtransmittedthedatatoacentralcontrolsystem.Thispaperintendstogiveadescriptionforresearchandimplementofavailablewirelesssensornetworksthatareapplicabletothegreenhousecomprisedofmultifunctionalsensornode,mainnode,andcontrolnode.Webelievedthatthistypeofwirelesscontrolstrategycouldgreatlyimproveproductivityandreducelaborrequirement.
2.WirelessSensorNode
WirelesssensornodeasshowninFigure1consistsofcomputingmodule,communicationmoduleandpowersupplymodulebysolarbattery,signalprocessingmoduleandsensors.
Fig.1:
Structureofwirelesssensornode
2.1ComputingModule
TheMSP430F149isadoptedastheprocessorforthecharacteristicsofitslowerpowerconsumption.Attheconditionofvoltagebetween1.8V–3.6V,frequencyof1MHz,itscurrentisbetween0.1uAand400uA.ThecurrentofRAMisjustof0.1uAatthesavingmode,0.7uAatwaitingmodeand250uAatrunningmode,anditsstartupjustcost6uSwiththecurrentbelow50nA.Ifthepowerisafastenerbattery,itcanworkfortenyears.ThefrequencyofMSP430canreachashighas8M,anditintegratesa12bitsA/Dconverterwhichhasspeedof200kbps.Whenthememoryworksatsmallmode,itpossesses60KbFlashROMand2KBRAM;whenitworksatlargemode,itsaddressingspacecanreach1M.Ithasastrongprocessingabilitybecauseofitslargeregisterandlargememoryonthechip.Intheotherhand,MSP430canworkinmuchrigorousenvironment,becausetheendurabletemperaturerangeofMSP430L149isfrom-40Cto+85C.
2.2CommunicationModule
ThewirelesscommunicationmoduleusestheIPlink1200ofHelicommcompanyasshowninFigure2.ItintegratestheRFtransceiver,micro-processor,I/O,multi-topologyofnetworkonachip.ThemoduleaccordstotheIEEE802.15.4standarddefinedbyZigBeealliance,andalsohavethefunctionoflowerpowerconsumption.IPLINK1200circuitprincipledrawingconnectingwithcomputingmoduleisshowninFigure3.
Fig.2:
IPLINK1200
Thecharacteristicisasfollow:
●Worktemperature-20℃-70℃
●Storagetemperature-55℃-85℃
●Humidity10%-90%
●Micro-processorAVRATMega128
●Powerconsumption
Transmit<30mA
Receive<30mA
Powerdown<16uA
●Transmissionpower-24dBm-0dBm
●Transmissiondistance100m
●Frequency2.4G
●Thelargestdatarate250Kbps
●Receiversensedegree-94dBm
●RFchannelnumber16
●Inputandoutput
Physicalinterface14pin
A/Dinverter3channel,10-bit
SerialinterfaceUART
●Controlinterrupt,reset
2.3PowerSupplyModule
Forthewirelessnode,weadoptthesolarbatterytosupplypowertothenode.SolarbatteryconsistsofsolarcellaccumulatorPVcontrollerasshownFigure4.PVcontrollershouldensurethepowerqualityandcontrolthechargeanddischargeofaccumulator.ThePVcontrollerusesamicro-processorandthenonecontacttechnology.Atthesametime,eachprotectivefunctionisprovidedhere.Whenoverchargeisprotected,itwillenterthefloppychargestate.Whenthebatteryisoverdischarge,thatisthevoltagebelow11V,itwilldisconnectloadautomatically,andsupplytheloadagainasthevoltagecomebackto13V.Whenloadvoltageexceed16V,italsodisconnectloadautomatically,andsupplytheloadagainasthevoltagebelow15V.
2.4SensorsModule
ThesensoradoptsSHT11digitalhumidityandtemperaturedevicewhichistheall-roundversionofthereflowsolderablehumidityandtemperaturesensorseriesthatcombinesdecentaccuracyatacompetitiveprice.ThecapacitivehumidityandtemperaturesensorisavailableuptohighvolumesandaseveryothersensortypeoftheSHTxxfamily;itisfullycalibratedandprovidesadigitaloutput.ItscommandformatisshowninTable1.Itsmeasuringprecisionofhumidityisabout4.5%andthatoftemperatureisabout00.5℃.Mainfeaturesareasfollow:
Energyconsumption:
80uW(at12bit,3V,1measurement/s)
RHoperatingrange:
0–100%RH
Toperatingrange:
-40–+125°C(-40–+257°F)
RHresponsetime:
8sec(tau63%)
Output:
digital(2-wireinterface)
Tab.1:
SHT11SenseCommandList
Command
Code
Explanation
MeasuringTemperature
00011
TemperatureMeasurement
MeasuringHumidity
00101
MeasuringMeasurement
ReadRegisterState
00111
“read”StateRegister
WriteRegisterState
00110
“write”StateRegister
SoftBoot
11110
EnteringNext
CommandAfterRestartingcleanupstaterecord11s
Sensorsmodulepossessesstandardinterfacecircuitfordigitalandanalogsignalandisextensible.Multifunctionalwirelesssensornodemayjoinilluminationsense,CO2densenesssense,andetal.
3.MainNode
MainnodecommunicateswithPCusingUSBdirectlyandconsistsofIP_LINK1200ǃUSBandtheinterfacecircuitasshownFigure5.Themainnodetestsadistributeddataacquisitionandcontrolsystemformanagingasetofgreenhousesbyusingwirelesscontrolnodes.Themainnodetransmitsqueriesinformationtoeachsensor,receivesandprocessesthedataofeachsensor.Whenthedataareprocessed,itwilltransmitthesignaltocontrolnodeimplementingcontroltothegreenhouseenvironment.
Fig.5:
Mainnode
TheinterfacecircuitusesPL-2303USBtoRS-232BridgeController,matchingproperresistanceandcapacitanceandcrystaloscillation,torealizetheUSBinterfacecircuitasshownFigure6.ThemainnodetransformstheUSBsignaltoRS-232signalbyPL-2303withoutexternalpower,andcollectsthetemperatureandhumidityinformation,andtransmitsittothegreenhousecontrolsystem,whichformsaWSNandmeasuresandcontrolsthegreenhouseenvironmentwirelessly.
Fig.6:
ThediagramforPL-2303
ThesystemisprogrammedbyVisualC++6.0asthesoftwareofPC.TheplatformofmicrocontrollerisbuiltbyIAR,theembeddedwork-bench.AccordingtotheIP-LINK1200communicationprotocol,cyclicqueryandreceivethedataofeachsensors.Optimalcontroleffectcanbeachievedbytheoptimizedcontrolalgorithm.
4.ControlNode
ControlnodeasalocalcontrollerreceivesdatasignalfrommainnodebyusingwirelessmoduleandcomprisedofIP-LINK1200、solid-staterelay、microprocessorandtheinterfacecircuitasshownFigure7.
Fig.7:
Structureofwirelesscontrolnode
Alocalcontrolnodemaydrivesthreetypesofequipments.ThefirstiselectromagnetismvalveswhichimplementcontrollingtothecompositionofnutrientsolutionanddensenessofCO2;these
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