外文翻译---基于STM32的恒温箱温度控制系统.docx
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外文翻译---基于STM32的恒温箱温度控制系统.docx
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ThermoTankTemperatureControlSystemBasedOnSTM32
BiaoQIU(····),Shi-guangLI(····),Zheng-zhongGAO(····),XuZHANG( ),Yu
RUI( )
(SchoolofInformationandElectricalEngineering,ShandongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Qingdao266510,China)
Abstract-thispaperintroducedathermotanktemperaturecontrolsystembasedonSTM32,Firstly,thetemperatureacquisitionisrealizedbythehigh-precisionelectricalbridgebasedon constant current source. Then theaugmentedPIDalgorithmrealizedbysoftwareisadoptedButterworthfilterisusedtoconverttheoutputPWMofSTM32tocurrentsignalwhichisusedtocontrolthesemiconductorcontrolrectifiertoadjustthetemperature.Calibrationcheckandpracticalapplicationbothindicatedthatthesystemwasreliable,high-precision,practicableandcouldmeetrealityneeds.
Keywords-STM32;thermotank;temperatureacquisition;PID
ManuscriptNumber:
1674-8042(2011)01-0064-03
Dio:
10.3969/j.issn.1674-8042.2011.01.16
1introduction
Thermotankcanbedividedintolowtemperaturethermotankandhightemperaturethermotankaccordingtotemperaturerange.Heatingcontrolthermotankisonekindofhightemperaturethermotankandhasawiderangeofapplicationsinindustrial,medicalandscientificareas.Assomespecialthermotankcontrolsystemrequirehighprecisionintemperatureacquisitionandcontrol,thesystemdesignedinthispapercanmeasuretemperaturesfrom16℃to80℃andits
precisionissuperiorto±0.05℃.AsARMis
graduallyoccupyingthemicroelectronicsmarketforitspowerfulfunctionandlowcost,itisofimportantpracticalsignificanceandvaluetodesignatemperaturecontrolsystembasedonARMwithhighprecision,simplestructureandlowcost.
2Basiccontrolprinciplesofthermotank
Inthissystem,temperatureacquisitionoftheinnerthermotankisrealizedbyusingplatinumresistanceastemperaturesensorandbridgecircuitbasedonconstantcurrentsource.Thencomparetheactualtemperaturewiththetemperaturesetbytouchscreen.ByusingaugmentedPIDalgorithmtoadjust,STM32outputs16-bitPWMsignals.ThenconvertPWMsignaltovoltagesignaltocontroltheconductionangleofSemiconductorControlRectifier(SCR)whichcontrolstheheatingtubes.SystemcontrolprincipleisshowninFig.1.
Consideringthesystemaccuracyandstabilityrequirements,featuresofthissysteminclude:
powerfulandhighspeedARMSTM32F103asthecontroller,augmentedPIDalgorithm,andfulluseofon-chipresourcesofmicrocomputersuchasADC,USARTand16-bitPWMoutputforgreatcontrolaccuracy.
Fig1Systemcontrolprinciple3hardwaredesign
Thissystemincludestemperatureacquisitionbridgecircuit,STM32F103,colorLCDtouchscreencontrolcircuit,filteringcircuitandSCR.Inaddition,thesystemhasagoodman-machineinteractionfunctionandcanrealizereal-timemonitoringandcontrolbyusing5.6inchescolorLCDandtouchscreen.TemperaturecontrolsystemstructureisshowninFig.2.
Fig2Systemstructure
3.1temperatureacquisitionandA/Dconversion
Amongthethermalresistancetemperaturesensors,platinumresistance,withadvantageashighprecision,stableperformance,corrosionresistanceandeasytouse,istheidealtemperatureacquisitioncomponentwidelyusedinindustrialenvironmentsandcontrolsystems.Asthetemperatureacquisitionrangeis16℃to80℃,Pt1000ischosenastemperaturesensor,whichresistancechangeswithtemperatureaccordingtocertainrulesandhasgoodhighprecisionandstableperformance.
Unbalanced bridge measurement istypicalindetectcircuitsusingplatinumresistanceastemperaturesensors[1].However,thenonlinearitybetweenplatinumresistanceand temperature and nonlinearity ofunbalancedbridgeleadtoacquisitionerror,thusweimprovedthetemperatureacquisitionbridgecircuit.Useconstantcurrentsourcetopowerthebridge,connectthetwobridgearmswithpreciseoperationalamplifierthatislownoiseandlowtemperaturedrift,use4DH2toconstituteconstantcurrentsourcecircuitwhichoutputs0.5Acurrent,thusthecurrentinplatinumresistanceisequaltoconstantcurrentsource.
TheADCofSTM32F103isusedtoconvertanalogvoltageoftemperatureintodigitalsignal.The12-bitADCisasuccessiveapproximationanalog-to-digitalconverterandhasthefunctionofself-calibration.D/Dconversionofeachchannelcanbeperformedinsingle,continuous,scanordiscontinuousmode,andinthissystemweusecontinuousmode.TheresultofADCisstoredinright-aligned16-bit data register whichimprovestheconversionspeed.Inaddition,theanalogwatchdogfeatureallowstheapplicationtodetectiftheinputvoltagegoesoutside the user-defined high or low
thresholds.
3.2TM32F103on-chipresourcesTM32F103canworkin-40℃~105℃
andthismeetstherequirementsofindustrialenvironment. It incorporate the highperformanceARMCortex-M332-bitsRISCcoreoperatingata72MHzfrequency,highspeedembeddedmemories(Flashmemoryupto128KbytesandSRAMupto20Kbytes)tostoredataandprogram,andanextensiverangeofenhancedI/Os,mostofwhichhavealternatefunctionsandperipheralsconnectedtotwoAPBbuses.Ithasthreegeneralpurpose16-bittimersplustwowatchdogs,aswellasstandard and advanced communicationinterfaceUSARTusedtocommunicatewithLCD[2].Moreimportantly,itofferstwo12-bitADCswith1μsconversionspeedwhichmakeitsuitforfastacquisitionandfastprocessing.ItisoneoftheimportantreasonsforthissystemtochooseTM32F103asthecorecontroller.
3.3Filteringandconversioncircuits
InordertorealizetheconventionfromPWMsignaltoanalogoutput,weusethesecondorderlowpassfiltertofilteroutthehighfrequencycomponentsandkeepDCcomponentandchangingdutycycleofPWMsignalsothattheanalogvoltageoutputisgotthen.Fig.3showsthedesignedButterworthfilter.Afterfiltering,convertPWMsignalto0~2.5Vtocontrolthyristorconductionangle[3].Thuswerealizedtheprecisecontrolofheatingtemperature.
Fig3Butterworthfilter4Softwaredesign
4.1PIDcontrolalgorithm
ThissystemusesPIDcontrolalgorithmwhichisabasiccontrolmethodwidelyusedinindustrialprocesscontrolmethodwidelyusedinindustrialprocesscontrol.AugmentedPIDcontrolalgorithm[4]is
uk-uk-1=KP(ek-ek-1)+K1ek+KD(ek-2ek-1+ek-2).
However,ifthisalgorithmwasuseddirectly,itcouldgeneratealareovershootandcauseintegralsaturationeasilywhenstarup,stoporadjustsubstantially.Inordertoinhibittheemergenceofthisphenomenon,weuseintegralseparationasanimprovement.
Integralseparationwon'tworkuntilactualtemperatureisapproachingthesettings.Whenitworks,itcaneliminatestaticerrorandimproveprecision[5].BlockdiagramofintegralseparationPIDisshowninFig.4.
Fig5Touchscreenflowchart
Usestandardthermometerwith0.001℃precisionascalibrationtochecktheexperimentalresults.Specificmethods:
setdifferenttemperatureswithintheappropriaterangethoughtouchscreen,waituntilthetemperaturesshownintheLCDarestable,thencalculatetheerrorsbasedontheactualtemperatureofstandardthermometerwithformula:
Error=|set-actual|/set.ThecheckresultsareshowninTab.1.
Tab.1Calibrationresults
Fig4IntegralseparatePIDalgorithmblockdiagram
4.2Touchscreensoftwaredesign
Itmakeshuman-computerinterfacemuchmorefriendly,moreconvenientandfasterbyusingtouchscreen.UsededicatedcontrolchipADS7843toconnectAMT9532,four-wireresistivetouchscreen,withSTM32F103,processthetouchscreensignals[6].Touchscreen'ssoftwaredesignflowchartisshowninFig.5.
6conclusion
Byusing16-bitPWMoutput,simplefilteringcircuitconversioncircuit,softwaredesignandfloating-pointoperations,thissystemrealized16-bitD/A.ConversionwhichisveryhardforcommonMCUtorealize.
Thesystemtemperaturerangeis6℃
~80℃andtheresolutionof16-bitcontrolsignalcouldreachto10‰.Theexperimental
resultsshowthatthesystemdefinitelycanreachthecontrolrequirementthattemperatureaccuracyisbetterthan±0.05℃.Theapplicationshowsthatthissystemhasthereal-time,flexible,stablehigh-precision,andlowcostadvantages,andcanmeettheindustrialrequirementsofhighaccuracy,highstabilityandreliability.
References
[1]ZhaojunLi,PingJi,XiangguangLou,2007,Designofhighprecisiontemperaturecontrolsystem.ElectronicMeasurementTechnology.
(2):
146-148.
[2]STMicroelectronicsCorporation,2007.STM32F103XXDatasheet.
[3]DayongXia,XiaohuiZhou,ZengZhao,BofengChen,EndianHu,2007.Temperaturecontrolsystemofsingle-chipofmodelMCS-51.IndustrialInstrumentation&Automation,
(1):
43-47.
[4]LinWu,EnpingLou,DongqingHou,LiangXu,2006,WirelesstemperatureandhumiditycontrolsystembasedonPIDarithmetic.ChineseJournalofScientificInstrument,27(21):
619-620.
[5]YanZhao,GuangzhiYang,2006.Automaticmeasuringsysteminconstanttemperatureforoxygencontentbasedonsinglechip.ChineseJournalofScientificInstrument,s1.
[6]SongmeiZhang,JunkaiLiang,LongjiLiu,2008.DeignofthermotanktemperaturecontrolsystembasedonC8051F.ElectronicMeasurementTechnology,31(9):
147-149.
基于STM32的恒温箱温度控制系统
摘要—这篇文章介绍了一个基于STM32的恒温箱温度控制系统,首先,由基于常流源的高精度电桥获取温度,然后,由软件实现的扩充型PID算法在这里得到应用,使用巴特沃兹滤波器(最平坦滤波器)将STM32输出的PWM转换成电流信号来控制半导体整流器从而调节温度,校准检测和实际应用都表明这个系统可靠、精度高、可行性好,并且能够满足现实需要。
关键字—STM32;恒温箱;温度获取;PID。
原稿编号:
1674-8042-(2011)01-0064-03Dio:
10.3964/j.issn.1674-8042.2011.01.16
1引言
根据温度范围,恒温箱分为低温箱和高温箱两种,加热控制恒温箱是一种高温恒温箱,并且它在工业、医疗和科学领域有着广泛的应用,因为一些特殊恒温箱控制系统在温度测量及控制方面都要求很高的精度,所以这篇文章
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