专八改错.docx
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专八改错.docx
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专八改错
Successfulagingisapsychologicalfeat.Fearfor__1__
death,forexample,maysometimesoppressyou.
evenwhenthisissuccessfullyovercome,thereisstill
somethingforyoutodealwith-loneliness.Loneliness
canspeedyourdemisenomatterconscientiously__2__
youcareforyourbody.“Wegothroughlifesurrounded
byprotectiveconvoysofothers,”saysRobert
Kahn,apsychologistoftheUniversityofMichigan
whostudiedthehealtheffectsofcompanionship.“People__3__
whomanagetomaintainanetworkofsocialsupportdo
best.”Onestudyofelderlyheart-attackpatients
foundthatthosewithtwoormorecloseassociations__4__
enjoyedtwicetheone-yearsurvivalrateofthosewho
werecompletelyalone.
Companionshipaside,healthyoldstersseemto
shareaknackformanagingstress,poisonthatcontributes__5__
measurablytoheartdisease,cancerandaccidents.
Researchershavealsobeenkinkedsuccessfulaging__6__
tomentalstimulation.Anidlebrainwilldeteriorate
justassureasanunusedleg,notesDr.GeneCohen,__7__
HeadofthegerontologycenteratGeorgeWashington
University.Butjustasexercisecanpreventmuscle__8__
atrophy,mentalchallengesseemtopreserveboth
themindandtheimmunesystem.Butwhatmost
impressesresearcherswhostudytheoldestoldis
hissimpledriveandresilience.“Peoplewhoreach100__9__
arenotquitters,”saysAdleroftheNationalCentenarian
AwarenessProject.“Theysharearemarkableabilityto
renegotiatelifeineveryturn,toaccepttheinevitablelosses__10__
Andmoveon.”
参考答案及解析:
1.把for改为of
与fear搭配的介词通常是of,表示对…的恐惧。
2.在nomatter后面加上how
3.在studied前面加上has
本文的基调是一般现在时,此句的主语也是现在时,定语从句介绍Roberts做过的研究项目,所以用现在完成时比较合适。
4.把associations改为associates
本句的意思是:
一项对高龄心脏病人的研究发现,有两个或者两个以上亲密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危险期的幸存几率是完全无人陪伴的病人的两倍。
5.在poison前面加上a
不定冠词修饰不可数名词,该名词后面再加上定语成分对该词进一步说明。
6.删除been
7.把sure改为surely
8.把but改为and
本句与上一段最后一句在结构(justas)上相似,在意义上是递进关系,不应该用转折连词衔接,用and合适。
9.把his改为their
此处的代词应该代替theoldestold,theoldestold表示一类人可以用单数也可以用复数,但是下文提到这些年事极高的老人都用了复数,所以此处也要改为复数,使上下文一致。
10.把in改为at
词组ateveryturn意思为“时时,经常”。
Morepeopledieoftuberculosisthanofanyotherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringthe__1__
earlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh__2__
deathsinEurope’scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.From__3__
nowon,though,westerneyes,missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetrouble__4__
goingintodecline.Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathand
infectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand__5__
20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibioticsstrengthenedthe
trendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedto__6__
poorcountries.Medicalresearchersdeclaredvictoryandwithdrew.
Theyarewrong.Inthemid1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeaths__7__
startedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcame__8__
back;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorld__9__
HealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth’s
population)sufferfromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewasfalling,
populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8__10__
millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoor
countries.
参考答案:
1将in改为for;forquiteawhile作“相当长时间”讲.
2将seventh改为seven
3将were改为was
这个谓语动词的主语是单数短语oneineverysevendeaths,因此要使用单数.
4将now改为then
5将Europe前的the去掉
6将imported改为exported
根据上下文,应该是向穷国出口抗生素,而不是从这些国家进口抗生素.
7将are改为were
8在vanished前加had
这里要表达的是“结核病原来消失的地方,又爆发了结核病”,所以要使用过去完成时.
9将better改为worse
在结合病没有消失的地方,这种病更加严重了,因此要用worse.
10将constantly改为constant
在“keepsb/sthadj”结构中的形容词作补语.
Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargein
themodernworld?
Surelybecauseprogressofparticu-
larkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandismore
andmoremanifesting.Althoughmankindhasunderg-__1__
onenogeneralimprovementinintelligenceormorali-
ty,ithasmadeextraordinaryprogressintheaccumu-
lationofknowledge.Knowledgebeginstoincreaseas__2__
soonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecom-
municatedtoanotherbymeanofspeech.Withthein-__3__
ventionofwriting,knowledgecouldbecommunicated
andstored.Librariesmadeeducationpossible,and
educationinturnaddedlibraries:
thegrowthofknowl-__4__
edgefollowedakindofcompound-interestlaw,
whichwasgreatlyenhancedbytheinventionofprint-
ing.Allthiswascomparativelyslowuntil,withthe
comingofscience,thetempowassuddenlyrisen.__5__
thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingto
asystematicplan.However,assoonasnewknowl-__6__
edgeisacquired,itisnowturnedtopracticalac-
count.Whatiscalled“moderncivilization”isnotthe
resultofabalanceddevelopmentofallman’snature,
butnotofaccumulatedknowledgeappliedtopractical__7__
life.Theproblemnowfacinghumanityis:
whatisgo-
ingtobedonewithallthisknowledge?
Likeisoften__8__
pointedout,knowledgeisatwoedgedweaponwhich
couldbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.Itisnowbeing__9__
usedindifferentlyforboth.Couldanyspectacle,for
instance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatgunners__10__
usingsciencetoshattermen’sbodieswhile,closeat
hand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem.
参考答案及解析:
1.把manifesting改为manifest
manifesting不能做形容词,而如果把它理解成现在进行词,后面又缺乏宾语,所以应该改为形容词manifest,表示“显然的,明显的”.
2.把begins改为began
根据下一行出现的could可以判断本句是过去时.
3.把mean改为means.bymeansof是固定用法.
4.在added后面加上to
如果add后面不加to,此句就表示“把图书馆加到某个事物上去”,加上to,表示给图书馆增加了内容,符合句义.
5.把risen改为raised
rise是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态.
6.把However改为Moreover
此句的意思是:
新知识一经获得,马上就得到实际应用.这是对上文的追加,不存在转折关系,因此应该用moreover.
7.删除but后面的not
8.把Like改为As
9.把could改为can
主句为现在时,而从句也不表示虚拟,所以应该用现在时.
10.在that后面加上of.
为了避免重复,这里用that指代spectacle,后面的gunnerusing是that的内容.因此应该用介词of引出.
Somepeoplesaylovemakestheworldgoaround.
Otherssayitisnotlove;it’smoney.Sincethe__1__
truthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworld
goaround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecological
systemandlifebecomespossibleevenwhenfoodis__2__
convertedintoenergy,whichinturnsisusedtoseek
morefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Inthis__3__
cyclealllifedepends.Itisfairlywellknownthat
wildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmanyas__4__
theycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,
storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthen
usingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtime__5__
inwinterwhenfoodisscarce.Butitisprobablylesswell
knownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspend
lessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Agoodcase
inpointiswhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deer__6__
reproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfall
whenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.A
physicallymaturefemaledeerinthegoodconditionwho__7__
hasconceivedinNovemberandwasgivenbirthtotwofawns__8__
duringtheendofMayandfirstpartofJune,mustsearch
forfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeether
body’sneedsbutalsotoreproducemilkforherfawns.The__9__
bestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplant
growthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilk
productionisanenergyconsumingprocess--itrequires
alotoffood.Theneedcanbemetunlesstheregionhas__10__
amplefoodresources.
答案及解析:
1.Since--however/But
该句子与前面两个句子在意义和逻辑上是转折关系,而since只能引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句。
2.even--only
用only强调条件whenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,表示“只有当食物转化为能量时”,而even没有这个意思。
3.In--On
此处实际上考查的是dependon,为了强调状语,把onthiscycle放在了句首,正常的顺序应该是“Alllifedependsonthiscycle”。
4.many--much
这里much指代的是不可数名词food。
5.time--times
根据上下文的语境,此处time为“某一时期的生活状况,环境等”的含义,一般用复数形式times,再如:
Welivedthroughterribletimesduringthewaryears。
6.is^--the
这句话是说:
一个很好的例子是白尾鹿。
这里是表示特指,所以white-taileddeer前面应该有定冠词the。
7.the--ingoodcondition为一个习语,good前面没有冠词。
再如:
Thegoodsarrivedingoodcondition。
8.was--句子的主语是怀孕的成年母鹿,与givebirthto是施动者与动作的关系,不应用被动语态。
9.reproduce--produce
根据常识和上下文的内容母鹿所需的能量是为了产奶(producemilk),而不是繁殖奶(reproducemilk)。
10.can^--not
句中用到的是“not…unless…”这一固定结构表示“除非…,才能…”
Citiescanbefrightenedplaces.Themajorityof__1__
thepopulationliveinnoisymassivetowerblocks.The
senseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstoappear__2__
whenyoulivethirtyfloorsupinaskyscraper.Strange__3__
enough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofone
streetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthe
samefloorintowerblocksevensayhellotoeach__4__
other.
Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthis
kindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunity
generallykeeptheinhabitantsofasmallvillagetogeth-__5__
er.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereis
alwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.So__6__
countrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Forexample,
shoppingbecomesamajorproblemandforanything
slightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoforanexpe-__7__
ditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecountryhasthe
advantageofpeacefulandquiet,butsuffersfromthe__8__
disadvantagesofbeingcutoff.Thecityhasnoiseand
populationwhichdoharmtohumanhealt
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