the great Gatsby 优秀本科毕业论文终稿文档格式.docx
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the great Gatsby 优秀本科毕业论文终稿文档格式.docx
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BachelorofArts
By
YangChunmei
June2014
摘要
象征主义是十九世纪末法国重要的文学思潮。
第一次世界大战前,它传播到欧洲多个艺术领域,许多作家认为,任何事物都应该有相应的内涵,内心世界和外部世界是相互渗透的,人们可以挖掘出隐藏在象征本体里的一切象征意义,因此,它提倡人们可以使用大量的意象来暗示微妙的内心世界,并将它们有机融合在一起。
《了不起的盖茨比》是弗·
斯科特·
菲茨杰拉德最具代表性和最受欢迎的作品之一,长期以来国内外众多学者从不同角度进行研究。
它强烈抨击了美国20世纪20年代物质主义盛行,人们内心世界的腐败和道德沦丧的社会现状。
作者巧妙地运用象征手法向读者展示一个灯绿梦渺的美国梦。
弗·
菲茨杰拉德挑选出小说中最能代表美国20世纪20年代期间社会现状的典型人物,通过他们各自对价值观截然不同的反应和所采取的行为,以此表明美国梦破灭的必然性。
关键词:
象征主义;
美国梦;
物质主义;
幻灭
ABSTRACT
SymbolismwasregardedasanimportantliterarytrendinFranceattheendofthenineteenthcentury.BeforeWorldWarI,itspreadtovariousartfieldsinEurope,thewriterswhowereforitbelievedthatanythingshouldhavecorrespondingmeaning,theinnerworldandouterworldwereinductedeachother,andpeoplecandigouthiddensymbolismfromeverything.Therefore,itadvocatedthatpeoplecanusesubstantialimagestosuggestthesubtleinnerworld,andblendtwoofthemtogetherskillfully,oneoftheuniquecharmsinthenovelTheGreatGatsbyistheabundantuseofsymbols.Inthenovel,F.ScottFitzgeraldusessymbolstodepictthevariouscharactersanddeepenthetheme;
heconnectsthevisualrealworldwiththeabstractinnerworldbyusingmassesofpotentialsymbolism,showingreaderscharacteristics,personalityaswellascharmsofprotagonistsvividly;
meanwhile,theproperuseofsymbolismaddsupinfiniteartcharmandenhancesideologicalimplicationofthework,makingthenovellovedbyagreatnumberofreaders.
TheGreatGatsbyisoneofthemostrepresentativeandpopularworksofF.ScottFitzgerald,itstronglycriticizestherich’spriorityformaterialismandthelossofmoralityaswellastheircorruptionoftheinnerworld,alsointhenovelthesocialrealityoftheUnitedStatesin1920sisdeeplyexposedwithnumeroussymbolsbyF.ScottFitzgerald.Inordertoshowreadersalivelyandbrightplot,heelaboratelyarrangeseachsection,takingtheprotagonistsforexample,F.ScottFitzgeraldpicksoutthemosttypicalcharactersfromdifferentsocialclassesinthenoveltoreflecttheirrespectivevaluesduring1920sintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheirdifferentreactionsandbehaviorstowardsmaterialismandmorality,theauthoraimstoindicatetheinevitabletragedyandevaporationoftheAmericandream.
Keywords:
symbolism,theAmericanDream,materialism,evaporation
Outline
Title:
SymbolisminTheGreatGatsby
ThesisStatement:
SymbolsinTheGreatGatsbyrepresentGatsby’sdisillusionsoftheAmericanDreamaswellasthesocialmoralloss.
1.Introduction
2.SymbolismofColors
2.1Green:
DreamandHope
2.2White:
InnocenceandBeautyVSEvilandHorror
2.3Blue:
Gloom,PeaceandFantasy
2.4Yellow:
Power,WealthandStatus
3.SymbolismofProtagonists
3.1Daisy:
SelfishnessandMaterialism
3.2Gatsby:
visionaryandtragic
3.3Nick:
onlookingandInjustice
4.TheAmericanDreaminTheGreatGatsby
4.1TheAmericanDream
4.2DisillusionoftheAmericanDream
4.3InevitableEvaporationoftheAmericanDream
5.Conclusion
Bibliography
1Introduction
TheUnitedStateshadanunprecedentedeconomicprosperityafterWorldWarI,thelifequalityofpeopleshowedanuprisingtrend,whiletheirmentalworldwasdescendingsharplyunderthebrand--newsocialenvironment,thatis,theyoungergenerationofAmericawereaddictedtohedonismregardlessofthetraditionalreligiousbeliefsandmorality,theyindulgethemselvesintheunprincipledrecreation,excessivelyemphasizingonmaterialsbutignoringmentality,whichresultedinthedisillusionoftheAmericandream.
ThepublicationofTheGreatGatsbyin1925isthereflectionof“theJazzAge”–“theperiodfrom1918-1929,theyearsbetweentheendofWorldWarIandthestartoftheroaringtwenties;
endingwiththeriseoftheGreatDepression,thetraditionalvaluesofthisageseeasharpdeclinewhilethegreatAmericanstockmarketsoars.”(Wikipedia:
theJazzage)F.ScotFitzgeraldusesauniquenarrationwaytodescribehero—Gatsby’slife.Asanarrator,Nickistiredofhishometown—MidwestlifeandcomestoNewYork.HerentsasmallapartmentinthesuburbofWestEgg.HeisDaisy’scousin,andneighborofGatsbywhoownsaluxuriousmansion.GatsbyandDaisyonceloveeachotherwhentheyareyoung,butendupwithGatsby’spoverty.ThenhejoinsWorldWarI,andDaisymarriesTomBuchanan—awealthyguyandtheygivebirthtoadaughter.Fiveyearslater,theBuchananmovefromChicagotothewest,andNickstartstohavefrequentcontactswiththeBuchanan;
duringfiveyears,GatsbyaccumulatesamountsofwealthbymeansofillegalactivityandcomestoNewYorkfollowingDaisy.Hebuysaluxuriousvilla—Gatsbymansion.EachSaturdayhewouldholdagrandpartytoattractthemarriedDaisy,fancyingarousinghernoticeandrestarttherelationship.Onanaccidentaloccasion,GatsbylearnsthatNickisDaisy’scousin,sohebegsNicktoarrangeameetingforthem.Afterthatdate,bothDaisyandGatsbyhavefrequentdate.However,hegraduallyrealizesthatDaisyisvaneandsecularnotaswhatsheusedtobe,Gatsby’sbeautifuldreamfinallybreaks,buthestillinsistsonherandhasaglimmeroffantasy,whichmakeshimsufferfromamiserableoutcomeintheend.Later,DaisydrivesGatsby’scartorunoverandkillsTom’smistressMyrtleWilsonafterdrunkdriving,butTomandDaisyputtheblameonGatsbywithconspiracybrutally,resultinginGatsby’sdeathbyGeorgeWilson’sgunshot.WhileDaisyandTomtraveltoEurope,thereareonlytwopeople—NickandGatsby’sfathertoattendGatsby’sfuneral.GatsbybecomesavictimofselfishandcruelDaisy.
F.ScottFitzgeralddescribesapictureoftragicAmericandreamwithpoeticlanguageandamplecolors.Therearemanysymbolsinthenovel.Symbolismwillbeanalyzedrespectivelyfromthefollowingaspects:
colors,protagonistsandtheAmericanDreamwillbementioned.
2SymbolismofColors
Amongsomanysymbolsinthenovel,mostofwhicharecolors:
whiterepresentspurity,innocenceandemptiness,depravation;
duringtheprocessofdescribingGatsby’sdream,greennightbecomesanimportantimage,itmeansnotonlydreamandhope,butalsoabubble;
besides,yellowmeanswealth,statusandevil,andsoon.Thefollowingpartwillillustratedifferentcolorsthoroughly.
2.1Green
Greenisthecolorofnature,representinghopeanddream.Whenheisseventeen,Gatsbywearsashabbygreensweater,presentinganoptimisticandhopefulimage;
whenhefallsinlovewithDaisydeeply,however,Gatsbyistoopoortomarryher.Daisyimmediatelymarriesamillionaire–TomBuchanan.SoGatsbystrugglesoutfromthebottomofsociety,though,heisnotforalifeofluxuriousandmaterialcomforts,butforthe“purelove”,whichisanidealandindescribableromanticillusion,apermanentexpectationforhim.AfterGatsbymakesafortune,heisstillobsessedwithhislove—Daisy,hesparesnoefforttoattractandpursueDaisy,sinceitishisonlydream,inhismind,Daisysymbolizesallofwhathedreams,inaword,Daisyishishope,goalsandincardinationoflove.
Andagainattheendofthenovel,itreferstogreen:
“Gatsbybelievesinthegreennight:
theorgiasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeMan,iteludesManthen,butthat’snomatter—tomorrowManwillrunfaster,stretchouthisarmsfarther…andonefinemorning.”(Fitzgerald2013:
113)herethesymbolismofgreennightisAmerican’senthusiasticandrecklesspursuitfortheillusoryAmericanDream.InGatsby’seyes,greennightishisguideontheonehand,whichmakeshimfeelhisdreamisonthewayandeasytograsp;
ontheotherhand,itissoattractive,twinkling,andvague.Finally,whenhisultimatedreamislost,thegreenlightthatsymbolizeshopedisappearsforeverfromhim,whichleadstotheaccesstodreambecomingadarkjourney.F.ScottFitzgeraldlinksitwithGatsby’sblindpursuitforDaisypurposely,makingthegreenlighthaveanobviousirony.F.ScottFitzgeraldsuggeststhattheAmericanDreamisdevastatedbytheexcessivepursuitformaterials,contributingtoafutileeffort.GreenisGatsby’shope,butitishisimpracticalpursuitforthegreenlightthatresultsinhistragedy.
2.2Yellow
Yellowisasymbolofpower,wealthandluxury.Itisoneofthemostwidelyusedcolorsinthenovel.Inordertoregainhistruelove,GatsbyconveysabundantinformationallthetimetoDaisy:
hisgorgeousandexpensivecarthathetakesisyellow;
histiethathewearswhiledatingwithDaisyisgolden;
hiscars,food,barsthatheownswhenheholdsvarious,luxurious,grand,illuminatedbanquets,areallyellow;
hiscombthatisshowntoDaisyisalsopurelygolden;
Inaddition,Daisyisregardedasthegoldengirl,hernameisakindofflowerwiththecolorofyellow;
JordanBakerhasawitheredgoldenhair,andhisarmsaregolden;
twoofgirlsinthebanquetsarewithgoldenskirts;
itisthegoldencocktailmusicthatisplayedinthebanquetsallthetime;
Alloftheyellowsymbolsrepresentanoisy,wealthyandmoney-orientedatmosphere,itseemsthateverywhereinthesocietyisfullofthecolorofyellow.
DuringtheJazzage,moneyisasymbolofsuccessandstatus,peoplewouldratherdeserttheirownmoralconceptionanddeceiveeachotherwithoutguiltyjustformoney.Inaword,yellowbecomesseductiveandcharming,whileGatsby’stragedyresultsinthegoldenlie,hestrugglesforthecolorallofhislife,buthisdreamisdestroyedatlast.Insuchcase,yellowsymbolizesthecharacteristicsofthesoc
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