高中英语课文Word文件下载.docx
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高中英语课文Word文件下载.docx
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AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherbestfriend.
AnnelivedinAmsterdaminNetherlandsduringWouldWar?
.HerfamilywasJewishso
theyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazi.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,‖Idon‘twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.‖NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.
thThursday15June1944
DearKitty,
Iwonderifit‘sbecauseIhaven‘tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI‘vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That‘schangedsinceIwashere.
…Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn‘tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn‘tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;
itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI‘dseenthenightfacetoface….
…Sadly…Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydusty
windows.it‘snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.
Your,
Anne
Friday,10July1942
WhenwearrivedatPrinsengracht,wewentquicklyupstairsandthehidingplace.Weclosedthedoorbehindusandwewerealone.Margothadcomefasteronherbicycleandalreadywaitingforus.Alltheroomswerefullofboxes.Theylayonthefloorandthebeds.Thelittleroomwasfilledwithbedclothes.Wehadtostartclearingupatonce,ifwewishedtosleepincomfortablebedsthatnight.MummyandMargotwerenotabletohelp.Theyweretiredandlaydownontheirbeds.ButDaddyandI,thetwo―helper‖ofthefamily,startedatonce.
Thewholedayweunpackedtheboxes,filledthecupboardsandtidied,untilwewereextremelytired.Wedidsleepincleanbedsthatnight.Wehadn‘thadanywarmfoodtoeatallday,butwedidn‘tcare.MummyandMargotweretootiredandworriedtoeat,andDaddyandIweretoobusy.
FRIENDSHIPINHAWAII
Everyculturehasitsownwaystoshowfriendship.OntheislandsofHawaii,friendshipispartofthe―alohaspirit‖.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.Thatis―tobewithhappiness‖.
Hawaiiansbelievethatoncesomebodylovestheland,theyarereadytolovetheirpeopleorcommunity.Thisisthesecondmostimportsignoffriendship.ItiscalledlokahiinHawaiianlanguage,whichmeans―onenesswithallpeople‖.Toenjoythelandyoushouldnotbe
selfish.Thelandisforeveryonewholivesonit.TodaymanydifferentpeoplecallHawaiitheirhome.Indeed,Hawaiiisaplacewherepeoplemakeonebigcommunityfrommanysmallercommunities.Eachpersongiveskokua(help)tootherpeoplesothatallfellstronger.It‘s
believedthattheislandscanbeaparadisewhenthepeopleliveinpeace.Peoplearetoldthattheiractionsshouldbeasgentleasthewindthatblowsfromthesea.Whenproblemshappen,peopleareaskedtosolvethemwithunderstanding.SowhenpeopleofHawaiitalkaboutohana(family),theyarereallytalkingaboutallthosewholiveontheislands.
Livinginpeace,Hawaiianshavedevelopedathirdsignoffriendship.Thispersonalfriendshipisshownbygivingleistooneanother.Thelie,astringofflowers,isputoverafriend‘sneck.Thenthefriendisgivenakissoncheek.Visitorstotheislandsarealsogivenlies.Whentheyhearaloha,visitorsbegintofeelathome.Alohaalsomeans―goodbye‖,sovisitorswillhearitagainwhentheyleave.Itcanalsomean―ourheartssingingtogether‖.Perhapsthisishowmostvisitorswillremembertheirnewfriendship.
Unit2
THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH
thAttheendofthe16century,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.
NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'
tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthiskindofexample:
BritishBetty:
Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?
AmericanAmy:
Yes.I‘dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.
SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?
Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferenttheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800to1150,EnglishbecamelesslikegermenbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600‘sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythan
theverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerican.Laterinthe18centurysome
BritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.
thFinallybythe19centurythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:
firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebster
.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitywroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage
toAmericanEnglishspelling.
EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.duringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?
Onlytimewilltell.
STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS
WhatisstandardEnglish?
IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?
Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.
Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthe―standardlanguage‖,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.
Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectsaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother‘sdialects.
THEOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARY
YoumaythinkthatEnglishdictionarieshavebeenusedformany,manycenturies.ThespellingofEnglishhasalwaysbeenaproblembutitwasmoreofaprobleminthedaysbeforeadictionary.Thenpeoplecouldspellwordindifferentwayswhichyoumightfinditinteresting.ButitmadereadingEnglishmuchmoredifficult.Sodictionarieswereinventedtoencourageeverybodytospellthesame.Infact,anEnglishdictionarylikethekindyouusetodaywasn‘tmadeuntilthetimeofthelateQingDynasty.Theremendidmostoftheimportantearlyworkondictionaries:
SamuelJohnson,NoahWebster,andJamesMurray.Thesemenspentnearlyalloftheirlivestryingtocollectwordsfortheirdictionaries.For
them,itwasn‘tonlyajob;
itwasawonderfuljourneyofdiscovery.ThelargestdictionaryintheworldistheOxfordEnglishDictionary,orOEDforshort.Theideaforthisdictionary
camefromanimportantmeetinginBritainin1857.Twenty-twoyearslater,OxfordUniversityaskedJamesMurraytobetheeditorofitsnewdictionary.
Murrayhadneverbeentocollege.Attheageoffourteen,helefthisvillageschoolinScotlandandtaughthimselfwhileworkinginabank.Laterhebecameagreatteacher.AfterOxfordgavehimthejob,Murrayhadaplacebuiltinthegardenbehindhishousetodohiswork.Partofitwasonemeterunderground.Inwinteritfeltlikeabarn,hehadtowearaheavycoatandputhisfeetinaboxtokeepwarm.Everymorning,Murraygotoutofbedatfiveo‘clockandworkedseveralhoursbeforebreakfast.Oftenhewouldworkbythecandlelightintotheevening.Murrayhopedtofinishthenewdictionaryintenyears.
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