自考英美文学选读00604Word文件下载.docx
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DrFaustusTamburlaine
3)WilliamShakespeare:
HenryIV;
TheMerchantofVenice;
Hamlet;
Othello;
KingLear;
Macbeth;
RomeoandJuliet.
4)JohnDonne:
TheSongsandSonnets;
TheSunRising;
Death,BeNotProud
5)JohnMilton:
ParadiseLost;
ParadiseRegained;
SamsonAgonisttes
2.文艺复兴
TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchformthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
3.人文主义
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.
4.玄学诗
Theterm“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.WitharebelliousspiritthemetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.
5.莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向
Shakespeare,asahumanistofthetime,isagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.Inhisplays,hedoesnothesitatetodescribethecrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofthecivilwars,buthedidnotgoallthewayagainstthefeudalrule.Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.
ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.
A.Shakespeare’sviewsonliterature:
ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.Shakespearealsostatesthatliteraryworkswhichhavetrulyreflectednatureandrealitycanreachimmortality.
B.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’scharacters:
Shakespeare’smajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones;
theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.Eachcharacterhashisorherownpersonalities;
meanwhile,theymaysharefeatureswithothers.
C.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’splot:
Shakespeare’splaysarewell-knownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Shakespeareseldominventshisownplots;
instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks,orfromancientGreekandRomansources.
D.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’slanguage:
Itisnecessarytostudythesubtlestofhisinstruments—thelanguage.Shakespearecanwriteskillfullyindifferentpoeticform,likethesonnet,theblankverse,andtherhymedcouplet.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.
3.莎士比亚的四大悲剧:
Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesare:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholeaction.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Withtheconcentrationonthetragichero,weseethesharpconflictsbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety,whichshowsthatShakespeareisagreatrealistinthetruesense.Hamletthemelancholicscholar;
Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;
theoldKingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispower;
andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.
4.邓恩诗歌的主题、意向
<
TheSongsandSonnets>
.Loveisthebasictheme.Donneholdsthatthenatureofloveistheunionofsoulandbody.Theperfectionofhumanloverswillnotbemadewithsoulsalone.Thisthoughtisquitecontrarytothemedievalloveideawhichmerelyputstressonspirituallove.Donne’sinterestliesindramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove.
5.戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析
Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,andtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay.ThemostimportantplayamongthecomediesisTheMerchantofVenice.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,outgoingromanceanddarkforcesofnegativityandhate.ThetraditionalthemeofthisplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.
Comparedwiththeidealismofotherplays,TheMerchantofVenicetakesastepforwardinitsrealisticpresentationofhumannatureandhumanconflict.Thoughthereisaridiculoustouchonthepartofthecharactersrestrainedbytheirlimitations,Shakespeare’syouthfulRenaissancespiritofjollitycanbefullyseenincontrasttothemedievalemphasisonfuturelifeinthenextworld.
6.哈姆雷特的性格分析
Hamlethasnoneofthesingle-mindedbloodlustoftheearlierrevenger.Itisnotbecauseheisincapableofaction,butbecausethecastofhismindissospeculative,soquestioning,andsocontemplativethataction,whenitfinallycomes,seemsalmostlikedefeat,diminishingratherthanaddingtothestatureofthehere.Trappedinanightmareworldofspying,testingandplotting,andapparentlybearingtheintolerableburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather’sdeath,Hamletisobligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneofconstantrole-playing,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger.
TheheroHamletinShakespeare’splayHamletisnotedforhishesitationtotakehisrevenge,hismelancholynatureofactiononlytodenypossibilitiestodoanything.Hecametoknowthathisfatherwasmurderedbyhisunclewhobecameking.Hehatedhimsodeeplythathewantedtokillhim.Buthelovedhiswidowedmotherwholatermarriedhisuncle,andhewasafraidtohurthismother.Andalso,wheneverythingwasreadyforhimtokillhisuncle,heforgavehimforhisunclewasprayingtoGodforhiscrime.Thushelostthegoodchance.Hamletrepresentedhumanismofhistime.
7.诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析
WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,MiltonwroteParadiseLost,intendingtoexposethewaysofSatanandto“justifythewaysofGodtomen.”AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMilton’sfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice;
thefreedomtosubmittoGod’sprohibitiononeatingtheappleandthechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.
Eve,seducedbySatan’srhetoricandherownconfusedambition-aswellasthemerepromptingofhunger-fallsintosinthroughinnocentcredulity.AdamfallsbyconsciouslychoosinghumanloveratherthanobeyingGod.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.Butman’sfallisthesequeltoanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefalloftheangels.
ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton’screed.HispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanall-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedand,oftheirfreewill,tochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.And,thereby,itopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChristwhichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutofevil.
Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod
1.新古典时期的作家及其作品
1)JohnBunyan:
ThePilgrim'
sProgress>
2)AlexanderPope:
AnEssayonCriticism>
<
TheDunciad>
TheRapeoftheLock>
AnEssayonMan>
3)DanielDefoe:
RobinsonCrusoe>
4)JonathanSwift:
ATaleofaTub>
TheBattleoftheBooks>
TheDrapier'
sLetters>
Gulliver'
sTravels>
AModestProposal>
5)HenryFielding:
TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat>
TheHistoryofTomJonesaFoundling>
TheHistoryofAmelia>
6)SamuelJohnson:
TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield>
7)RichardBrinsleySheridan:
TheSchoolforScandal>
8)ThomasGray:
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard>
2.启蒙运动
TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracyandthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Theyseekproportion,unity,harmonyandgraceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight,instructandcorre
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